Bavaria: the most "German" Germany. What country is Bavaria in?

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The Bavarians say: “If the Germans need to show off their successes, they show the world something Bavarian ...” And this seems to be true. After all, here are the best ski resorts in the country, the largest number of recipes for meat dishes, the largest number of registered beer recipes, the most visited castles, the largest number of rivers and lakes, the largest number of cities that are over 800 years old, two of the largest carnivals in Europe and the world's largest beer festival ... In general, everything here is "the most", and most importantly - everything is ideally suited for tourism, shopping and generously seasoned with great weather. Bavaria also has the largest number of sunny days per year among the German-speaking lands.

The Bavarians say this about their land: “We have everything, as well as Audi and BMW ...”

How to get to Bavaria

It is convenient to get to the regions and resorts of Bavaria through Munich and Frankfurt.

Passau - "Bavarian Venice", built at the grandiose beauty of the confluence of three rivers: the Inn, the Ilz and the Danube. The city was not damaged during the Allied bombings and brought to us all the beauty of the baroque style in which it was built.

Of the 50 thousand inhabitants, 10 thousand students live in it, so people go to Passau not only for the baroque, but also for the nightlife.

And also Ingolstadt with the Audi factory museum, Günzburg with the Legoland park, the island city of Lindau with painted facades, the village of Garmisch-Partenkirchen - Hitler's favorite vacation spot, and now a place of pilgrimage for thousands of climbers, skiers and just tourists, to the foot of Zugspitze mountains - the highest point in Germany.

Transport

The most popular Munich transport is the S-Bahn trains. These are comfortable electric trains that completely replaced the metro, which are integrated into a common network with buses, trams and railway transport. Red trains arrive at each station with an interval of 20 minutes (break from 1:30 to 4:00).

Most tourists travel around Bavaria by trains and buses, armed with a single Bavarian ticket Bayern ticket, which can be bought at the office. website of the German Railways (in English) or at the subway entrances in the red DB-Bahn ticket machines. It will ensure the delivery of a tourist to the smallest village, not only in Bavaria, but also in some neighboring lands and countries, without additional payments. For example, to Ulm (in Baden-Württemberg), Sonnenberg (in Thuringia) and Austrian Salzburg. The ticket is inexpensive, and the railway transport system is very conveniently organized: no delays (at all); Stations, trains and buses have signs showing the fastest way to the most popular tourist spots.

Also in the cities of the region there are single tickets that apply to all types of public transport. Travel cards vary by zone and duration. With the so-called "short ticket", or Einzelfahrkarte Kurzstrecke, you can travel for an hour within one fare zone. However, if the journey takes longer or you need to cross zone boundaries, it will not work. Another one-time Einzelfahrkarte is valid for 3 hours in several zones, but the more borders you need to cross, the more it will cost. Some cities have a Streifenkarte - it consists of 10 tear-off strips, each of which allows you to ride for an hour in one zone.

Traveling around Bavaria by taxi is expensive. Here is an example of the cost of a 10-minute trip around the cities: Munich - 9-15 EUR, Ingolstadt - 10-15 EUR, Regensburg - 14-17 EUR, Augsburg - from 12 EUR, Schongau - 11-15 EUR, Füssen - 10-12 EUR, Nuremberg - from 17 EUR, Bamberg - 10 EUR, Würzburg - from 14 EUR.

From other modes of transport: steamboats on the Danube in the town of Passau and the famous funicular to the Zugspitz mountain near the village of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

It is interesting to ride a bike in Bavaria. There are rental offices and sports equipment stores that rent vehicles in several cities. But it’s more convenient to take a bike in Munich and build a route from there - in the center of the province there is a richer choice and more rental points themselves. If you are not satisfied with the price, you can look for a cheaper one.

Rent a Car

It is important to follow the requirements of road signs and markings. Inattention on Bavarian roads can be very expensive - local traffic cops do not make concessions to foreigners, and fines in Bavaria are extremely high. It is even worse if, having accelerated on the autobahn, the driver does not notice that he has gone to “whores” - mountain serpentines, which in many places begin very unexpectedly.

You can drive from Munich in an hour to Ingolstadt, Regensburg, Augsburg, Schongau and Fussen with the famous Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein castles. Two hours to Nuremberg, Bamberg and Würzburg.

Bavaria Hotels

Entertainment and attractions

IN national park The Bavarian forest has preserved fragments of wild forests with mountain streams, swamps and living inhabitants.

One of the most interesting and controversial expositions of the capital of Bavaria is the City Museum. Of its 4 parts, only one is dedicated to the history of Munich and its cultural specifics, and 3 others to the birth of National Socialism, musical instruments and puppet theater. The last section attracts both adults and children. Little visitors will not be indifferent to the Munich Zoo - the largest in Europe.

After walking around the museum halls, go to Grassl or Hofbräuhaus. In the first one you can learn the secrets of the production of spicy schnapps, in the second one you can try dozens of varieties of Bavarian beer.

The collection of the Bavarian National Museum is more traditional - furniture, weapons, jewelry, everyday and applied items from different eras and peoples. Those who prefer works of art to historical exhibits should look into the Alte Pinakothek - one of the largest in the world art galleries. And fans of the German automotive industry will be interested in the expositions of the BMW and Audi museums, where dozens of cars and motorcycles are presented - from ancient to the latest innovative models.

There are noteworthy tourist sites in every Bavarian city. In Bamberg, this is the Cathedral, which is famous for interior decoration, the marble tomb of its founder and the Bamberg Horseman. In Dachau, tourists are attracted by a museum opened on the site of a former concentration camp. And although there are architectural monuments, parks and old streets in a small German town, people come here just for the sake of the museum and memorial, to remember and not repeat.

Castles of Bavaria

Castles are different. Equipped and in ruins, conveniently located and not considering it necessary to pave at least some kind of road to them. But all of them are romantic fragments of the life of princes and princesses unknown to us. Castles in Bavaria are divided into two types. The first includes impregnable strongholds on the tops of mountains, the second - immersed in luxury palaces of the 17th-18th centuries, stylized as knightly fortresses.

There is a very high density of these castles in Bavaria, they are near any city. There are several hundred of them in their current form and the same number are in ruins. The fact is that in the Middle Ages, the population of Bavaria always annoyed its neighbors with something - perhaps the habit of wearing skin-tight leather shorts - but from the 3rd to the 17th centuries, wars did not stop in this area. In order to survive during the German attacks, the local Slavic leaders built fortified shelters on the slopes, then they were reinforced by the Franks and other Germans, who squeezed out the Slavs and defended themselves in these mountains from the raids of the already new savage hordes from neighboring countries. And so it happened that on the dominant heights, each settlement in Bavaria has one or two castles.

• How to get to Johannesburg Castle

  Lake Constance in its length (63 km) ranks third in Europe. Most of this huge and beautiful reservoir belongs to Germany, the rest is divided between Austria and Switzerland. Its maximum depth is 252 m. In the resort towns along the coast there are equipped beaches: both paid (with the most developed service), and with free entry. There are many architectural and historical monuments, churches, monasteries and castles in this region of Germany.

  Water sports enthusiasts can enjoy surfing, swimming, yachting. Also at the service of vacationers - golf, tennis, horseback riding, cycling, rollerblading on special paths along the lake. There are three large islands on the lake: Lindau, Mainau and Reichenau. Mainau - "flower island", island-reserve: there are more than a thousand species of butterflies, rare plants, creepers and orchids.

  Hohenzollern Castle

  
  
  

  Lake Chiemsee

  Lake Chiemsee, also known as the "Bavarian Sea", is located in the southeast of Bavaria, 80 km from Munich and 40 km from Salzburg. Thanks to crystal clear water, well-maintained beaches and nature unaffected by human activity, the lake has high status among tourists - there is no such time when the local hotels are not full.

  The lake is 11 km wide and 15 km long. In the summer months, the water in it warms up to +25 °C. Water sports are developed here: windsurfing, yachting, fishing. In addition, lovers active rest waiting for hiking in the mountains and cycling.

  In the center of the Chiemsee rises the “Island of Women” Fraueninsel with a functioning nunnery, and nearby is its neighbor, the “Island of Men” Herrenchiemsee with the hunting castle of King Louis II.

  You can improve your health here in the resorts of Prien am Chiemsee with its healing air and Bad Endorf with thermal waters saturated with iodine.

  Rhön Biosphere Reserve

  Lake Titisee

  Lake Titisee is located southeast of Freiburg, in the mountains of the Black Forest (the most ecologically clean and industrially untouched area in Germany). Its length is 1.8 km, width - 750 m. Clear water and clean beaches attract many tourists here.

  In the town of Titisee, on the Seestrasse shopping street, you can buy a lot of goods that will later become an undoubted confirmation that the traveler has visited the Black Forest: cuckoo clocks, ham, various types of local schnapps, traditional clothes and objects of applied art, leather goods. There are also elegant boutiques and jewelry stores, numerous restaurants and discos.

  On the Titisee - a lot of opportunities for practicing various sports. You can ride on the lake on a catamaran, rent a boat or a motor boat.

  bavarian alps

  Lake Tegernsee

  Lake Tegernsee, which has become a well-known medical and climatic resort throughout Europe, is located 55 km from Munich at an altitude of 732 m above sea level. Treatment here is based on thermal waters of local sources containing iodine and other trace elements. Tegernsee resorts include: Bad Wiessee, Rottach-Egern and Tegernsee itself.

  Activities: swimming, hot air ballooning, fishing, hiking, diving, golf, paragliding, cycling, surfing, tennis, sailing, Horseback Riding. For gambling people - a casino. On the waterfront there is a large selection of restaurants, bars, cafes and bistros.

  Weather

  Bavaria is the land of resorts, although it is located far from the sea. Each month has 17-20 sunny days. Grapes grow here, and nearby in the mountains there are ski resorts, there is a lot of water from the mountains, but there are few thunderstorms and rains. There are no seasons in Bavaria since bad weather. That is probably why the flower of German society has been striving for the Bavarian Alps since the 18th century, and kings and dukes built palaces for themselves in Bavaria, ruling the country from here.

Top 10 attractions in Bavaria

The Bavarian Alps

The Bavarian Alps stretch south from Munich to the Austrian border and from the beautiful Lake Constance in the west to the Salzburg area in the east. In some cases, the height of the mountains reaches 3000 meters, this is the height of the most high mountain Germany - Zugspitze. The beauty of the Bavarian Alps is enhanced by deep glacial valleys and high plateaus with numerous lakes. Tours of all kinds are offered in the Bavarian Alps, from ordinary hiking available, including for family vacation and up to rather complex, almost sporty ones. It is worth paying attention to the Bertechsgaden National Park, the only such park in the German Alps, whose plateau - Untersberg, is a hiker's paradise.

Lindau and Lake Constance

Lindau, the largest city on the Bavarian shores of Lake Constance, it consists of the picturesque Old Town on the island, the harbor and the Lindau Garden. The harbor is a great place to enjoy the delights of Lake Constance, you should pay attention to the main sights of Lindau - the Old Lighthouse and the Magnturm, a stone tower that was built in the 12th century as part of the city's medieval fortifications. Also of interest during city tours are the sculpture of the Bavarian Lion, the symbol of the land of Bavaria, and the 33-meter new lighthouse, both of which were built in 1856. Old town with many beautiful streets lined with Gothic and Renaissance houses. Particularly attractive is the main street of the city, with its arches, fountains and cafes.

3. Zugspitze ( Zugspitze)

Mount Zugspitze is an iconic landmark of Bavaria, it is the highest point in Germany, its height is 2962 meters above sea level. The Zugspitze is part of the Alpine mountain range Wetterstein, which spans the border between Austria and Germany. The mountain rises among steep valleys with beautiful lakes and forests, it is known for its gilded cross and magnificent views. The summit can be reached by funicular or by a variety of hiking trails of all levels to choose from. At an altitude of 2950 meters there is a restaurant with an observation deck from which a magnificent panoramic view of the landscapes of Bavaria opens. In the vicinity of the Zugspitze, there are many first-class ski resorts that open their doors during the winter season.

4. Munich

Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is the third largest city in Germany and a real gem of a sightseeing tour of Bavaria. The city on the Isar on the edge of the Bavarian Alps is home to many cultural and historical sights in Germany and is one of the best places to explore Bavaria. The central attraction of Munich is the main square of the city, Marienplatz, it is surrounded by magnificent medieval houses, St. Peter's Church, built in the Romanesque style, Cathedral of Our Lady and the Church of Saint Michael, the largest church north of the Alps in Renaissance architectural style. Munich is also well known for its beautiful parks including English garden, the world's largest urban public park.

The Bavarian Forest

The breathtaking Bavarian Forest stretches along the border between Germany and the Czech Republic and covers Bavarian Forest National Park, as well as two other large parks, the Bavarian Forest Nature Park and the East Bavarian National Park, this is the largest protected forest area in Europe. Today, countless excellent hiking trails criss-cross the area, including those leading to the 1,455-meter peak of Mount Arber, the highest peak of the Bavarian-Bohemian mountain range and home to one of Germany's most popular ski resorts.

Official website: nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.de

The German Alpine Highway

One of the most amazing opportunities to get acquainted with the beauties and sights of Bavaria is the German Alpine Highway, which was built in 1933 and is currently 450 kilometers from lake constance through the Allga and the Bavarian Alps to Berchtesgaden. This is a popular way to see the most interesting places in Bavaria, namely the ancient castles and palaces of kings such as Ludwig II and Maximilian II, perennial forests and beautiful lakes, atmospheric villages and Romanesque houses in small towns, Gothic churches and cathedrals.

Official website: deutsche-alpenstrasse.de

7. Berchtesgaden ( Berchtesgaden

Berchtesgaden is located at the end of the German Alpine Highway and is one of the most popular spa towns in the Bavarian Alps. Surrounded by the Hoher Goll, Watzmann and Untersberg mountains, Berchtesgaden has been one of the main German recreation centers for many centuries. When visiting the city, pay attention to beautiful palace Wittelsbach, originally an Augustinian house founded in 1100, it now houses a museum with a fine collection of weapons, furniture, porcelain and paintings. Also of interest is a private road built for Adolf Hitler, along which you can get to Kehlsteinhaus at an altitude of 1834 meters, where you will find a restaurant and a magnificent panoramic view. Be sure to visit the beautiful lakes in the vicinity of the city.

Old Town Aschaffenburg)

The old town of Aschaffenburg in Lower Franconia is located on the hilly right bank of the Main River and is dominated by old buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries. It is here that you will find the Art Gallery with an impressive collection of Dutch and early German paintings, as well as the Palace Museum with a magnificent palace library and a number of splendid state apartments. During a city tour it is worth paying Special attention The 12th century monastery church of Saints Peter and Alexander.

Official website: schloesser.bayern.de

9. Mittenwald ( Mittenwald)

Mittenwald lies in the beautiful sheltered Isar valley, flanked to the south and west by forest, dominated by the Wetterstein peak. One of the most charming towns in the Bavarian Alps, Mittenwald is famous for its magnificent old houses with their unique frescoed exteriors, as well as the Baroque parish church with a painted tower. Built in 1745, it is famous for the statue of Matthias Klotz, who died here in 1743.

amberg)

The old town of Amberg is still surrounded medieval walls with towers and gates beautiful place where you can experience the real taste of old Bavaria. The center of Amberg's Old Town is the Market Square, and the highlight of the square is the 14th-century town hall with its exquisite Council of Chambers and beautiful coffered ceilings. On your tour, don't miss the late Gothic St. Martin's Church, built in 1421, the most historically important Gothic church in the Upper Palatinate, after the Cathedral Regensburg. Highlights include the 91-meter west tower, built in 1534, and the imposing monument to Count Palatine Rupprecht, who died in 1397.

Administrative districts in Bavaria:

• Upper Bavaria
• Lower Bavaria
• Upper Palatinate
• Upper Franconia
• Middle Franconia
• Lower Franconia
• Swabia

Free cities:

• Amberg
• Ansbach
• Augsburg
• Aschaffenburg
• Bayreuth
• Bamberg
• Weiden
• Würzburg
• Ingolstadt
• Kaufbeuren
• Kempten
• Coburg
• Landshut
• memmingen
• Munich
• Nuremberg
• Passau
• Regensburg
• Rosenheim
• Schwabach
• Schweinfurt
• Straubing
• Erlangen

Heraldry

Flag of Bavaria(German: Staatsflagge Bayerns) is one of the symbols of the federal state of the Free State of Bavaria.
Officially, Bavaria has two flags, both adopted on November 16, 1953, both have a 3:5 ratio, both use the traditional colors of the earth - white and blue. There are no rules in which case this or that flag is used.
In the first variant (“striped flag”), a panel with side sizes of 3 to 5 is used, the upper half is white, the lower half is blue.
The second option (“diamond flag”) uses an alternation of white and blue rhombuses (“diamonds”). In this case, the number of rhombuses should not be less than 21, and the cut of the rhombus in the upper right corner should be white.
The representation of the coat of arms of Bavaria on the flag is not legal, but is sometimes used.

Coat of arms of Bavaria(German: Bayerisches Staatswappen) is one of the symbols of the federal state of the Free State of Bavaria.
The coat of arms is a crowned shield with a field covered with white and blue diamonds. The symbolism of the coat of arms, which first belonged to the counts von Bogen, who lived near Regensburg until 1242. When the clan ceased to exist, their possessions and coat of arms were taken over by the Wittelsbach family, which was related to them, and a little later, the coat of arms became a symbol of all of Bavaria. This coat of arms is also the core of a large state emblem. The other four parts of the large coat of arms depict the coats of arms of other large Bavarian territories: the Palatinate (golden lion), Franconia (Franconian rake), Lower Bavaria (blue panther) and Swabia (three black lions).
The coat of arms was approved on June 5, 1950.

Bavaria Bayern

Capital: Munich

Population: 12.044.000 people

Population density: 171 people per 1 sq. km.

Land area: 70.550.87 sq. km.

Important cities: Munich, Augsburg, Würzburg, Nuremberg, Regensburg, Ingolstadt, Erlangen

Important rivers and canals: Main, Donau, Lech, Isar, Inn.

Bavaria is the largest federal state in Germany in terms of area. After North Rhine-Westphalia lives here most of(14.6%) of the German population. The Bavarian population comes initially from three folk groups: Franks, Swabians and Bavarians. 70% of Bavarians are Catholics.

Bavaria occupies the entire southeastern part of Germany. It is bordered to the west by Baden-Württemberg, to the northwest by Hesse, to the north by Thuringia and a small part of Saxony, to the east by the Czech Republic and to the south by Austria.

In the east, Bavaria includes part of the Frankenwald forest, the Fichtelgebirge mountains, parts of the Oberpfalzer and Buemerwald forests. In the south, Bavaria includes the Alps, in the west the Swabian state of Stufenland (Stufenland) and in the north the Spessart and Rhön.

In Bavaria there are three parts of the great German landscapes: the German part of the northern Kalkalpen (Kalkalpen) and the foothills of the Alps with its attractive lakes, "Schottish ebene" with the land of charming hills stretching to the river. Donau and German midlands with diverse landscapes.

Agriculture is practiced mainly in the north of the Alpine foothills.

Good (Franconian) wine is also made in the "beer land" of Bavaria. Oktoberfest, Neuschwanstein Castle and the opulent decoration of the Alps attract more foreign tourists here than in any other land. However, the slogan "Laptop and leather pants" testifies: Bavaria is something more than just living traditions. Its economy (which surpasses that of Sweden in its power) is famous for such world brands as BMW, Audi, Siemens, MAN and EADS (Airbus). The Bavarian capital, Munich, is home to more publishing houses than any other German city. But Germany's largest federal state also shines beyond the metropolitan area. The Wagner Music Festival in Bayreuth sells out every year.

The most important industrial facilities of Bavaria are located, as in other regions of Germany, in major cities such as Munich (Muenchen), Erlangen (Erlangen), Nuremberg (Nuernberg), Augsburg (Augsburg) and Aschafensburg (Aschafensburg). Industry in these regions: mechanical engineering, electrical and paper industries. Near the rivers Inn, Als and Salzach lies the so-called chemical triangle. The oil processing center is located in Ingolstadt.

Attractions

Bavaria is the largest and most visited state in Germany. Due to its cultural diversity, rich historical past and unique geographic location, Bavaria is rightfully considered one of the best tourist areas not only in Germany, but throughout Europe. This area is famous for its diversity of nature - it is here that the famous Bavarian Alps stretch, there are many picturesque lakes (Chiemsee, Starnbergersee, Ammersee and West Side Lake Constance), vast alpine pastures, forests and many rivers. It is here that the unique national park "Bavarian Forest" is located.

Munich, Germany's third largest city, located near the Alps on the banks of the Isar River. The center of the city is the Marienplatz square with the buildings of the new (XIX century) and old (1470, today there is the Toy Museum) Town Hall. In the vicinity of Marienplatz there are such famous monuments of the city as the Peterskirche Church (XI century), the most picturesque natural ensemble of the English Garden, pedestrian zone and the main shopping street of the city - Neuhauser Strasse, Tal Street, Justice Square and the old botanical garden. The main cathedral of the city and its symbol is the Frauenkirche (Libfrauenkirche). South of the complex Royal Residence (XVI-XIX centuries) is the Bavarian National Theater (Bavarian National Opera, 1811-1818) and the first South German baroque church - Theatinerkirche. Another attraction is the most famous and oldest Munich pub - Hofbräuhaus (XII century), located in the heart of the city, in the town of Platzl. It was here that in 1923 the "Beer Putsch" took place, which became the beginning of Hitler's political career.

Every autumn (late September - early October), the Theresienwiese meadow hosts the largest annual festival in the world - the Oktoberfest Beer Festival, which has been held for almost two hundred years, for which they even brew a special kind of beer - Wiesn.

The city is famous for its world-class art galleries - here are the Old and New Pinakothek- one of the best art galleries in Europe, Bavarian National Museum, the Munich City Museum, the state mineralogical and numismatic collections, the German Theater Museum and the Lenbach State Gallery. Be sure to visit the unique BMW Museum.
Nuremberg, the second largest city in Bavaria, is located in a region rich in forests near the river. Pegnitz. Most beautiful view on Old city opens from the Furster Gate - the ring of walls of the Stadtmauer (XIV-XV centuries) with many gates and towers, the "old town" of the Lorenz side and the castle. The entrance to the old city is marked by the "King's Gate" ("Königstor") with a huge observation tower, from which the oldest street of the city departs - Königstrasse, on which the Church of St. Martha lies, the German National Museum (the most big museum arts, culture and history of all German countries, founded in 1852) and the Church of St. Lorenz - the largest church in Nuremberg (XIII-XV centuries). Not far from the Museumbröschke bridge is the Hauptmarkt square, with a 17-meter sculpture by Schöne Brunnen, the Freuenkirche church (1352-1361) and the famous Maenleinlaufen clock (1509), the Town Hall (1616-1622) and the church of St. Sebaldus (1225-1273). Be sure to visit the Nuremberg Toy Museum with toys from all eras and different cultures, the Nuremberg Castle and the house-museum of Albrecht Dürer, where he lived from 1509 to last day of his life (1528).

Be sure to visit the famous Bavarian palace and park ensembles located in picturesque corners the edges. The most famous of them are the former summer residence of the Bavarian kings - Nymphenburg Castle, the "fabulous" Neuschwanstein castle near the Austrian border, stylized as medieval fortress Hohenschwangau Castle, Linderhof Castle Palace (1869-1879) with an amazing park, the Moorish Pavilion and the Temple of Venus, as well as Herrenchiemsee.

Short story

Background of the state

Bavaria belongs to the oldest states Europe.

The beginning was laid in the five hundred years of our era, when Roman rule was destroyed under the onslaught of the Germans. According to one widespread theory, the Bavaria tribe was formed from the Romans who remained here, the ancient Celts (Gauls) and the Germans who came.

Tribal duchy

In the region of the northern foothills of the Alps, in the second half of the 6th century, a powerful tribal duchy was formed, the rulers of which were the dukes from the Agilolfing family, and later, in the 10th century, the Welfs.

In 1158, Duke Heinrich the Lion founded a new settlement on the banks of the Isar - today's Munich. Until the middle of the 13th century, the functions of the main city were performed by Regensburg.

Wittelsbach

After the fall of Henry the Lion in 1180, Kaiser (Emperor of the "Holy Roman Empire") Frederick I Barbarossa gave the Bavarian count palatine Otto von Wittelsbach the Duchy of Bavaria without the territory of the Eastern Mark.

In 1214, the Wittelsbach and the Palatinate received, which since then has remained associated with the fate of Bavaria for seven hundred years.

The subsequent centuries of Bavarian history were marked by the aspirations of the Dukes of Wittelsbach to strengthen their dominion. The development culminated under the reign of the German king and Kaiser Louis IV of Bavaria (1302-1347), who annexed the Brandenburg, Tyrol, Holland and Hainaut marques to his territories. Until the twentieth century, Bavaria remained agrarian-oriented, despite the large number of cities, including those with the right to market trade. In addition to the bishoprics of Salzburg, Passau and Regensburg, monasteries such as Tegernsee, Niederalteich and St. Emmeram were also centers of spirituality and culture located outside the cities. In the XIV and XV centuries. the duchy of Wittelsbach, weakened by civil strife due to hereditary claims, breaks up into appanages. And only after the introduction by Albrecht IV the Wise (1467-1508) of the right to transfer inheritance by primogeniture, long-term prerequisites were laid for strengthening the Avar duchy, which was again united under his rule.

In Franconia and Swabia, on the contrary, after the suppression of the ducal and royal families of the Saliers and Staufen in the XII and XIII centuries. many secular and ecclesiastical possessions were annexed. Residences such as Bamberg, Würzburg, Ansbach, Bayreuth, as well as the imperial cities of Nuremberg, Augsburg, Schweinfurt, Rothenburg and Nördlingen became spiritual, cultural and economic centers of European significance.

Although the Reformation was widespread in a large part of the Swabian and Franconian territories and in the imperial cities, the Old Bavarian ones remained faithful to the Roman Catholic Church. Under the rule of Albrecht V (1550-1579) and William the Pious (1579-1597), a stronghold of the Counter-Reformation formed in Bavaria. The famous opponent of Luther, Johannes Eck, was active in the University of Bavaria, founded in Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke Ludwig the Rich. The capital city of Munich experienced its first flowering under Albrecht V, becoming the center of science and culture.

The hard times of the Thirty Years' War brought ruin to Franconia, Swabia and Bavaria and - electorship (1623). The first Bavarian Elector Maximilian I (1597-1651) expanded the territory of Bavaria by annexing the Upper Palatinate. One of his successors "The Blue Elector" Max Emanuel (1662-1726) patronized the spread of the Baroque style in art and culture. He valiantly proved himself in the wars with the Turks and built great-power plans, which, however, were not destined to be realized during the time of Emperor Karl Albrecht (1742-1745).

Until Max III Joseph (1745-1777), the last Elector of the Bavarian Wittelsbach line, the period of cultural heyday of Bavaria lasted.

New constitutions stimulate development

Elector Max IV Joseph, whose ancestry was descended from the Palatinate and Zweibrücken Wittelsbachs, came to power in an environment that required the solution of complex state problems: there was nothing to expect from the empire itself, Prussia preferred a position of non-intervention, and Austria did not leave claims to the Bavarian territories. The elector was forced to place his country under Napoleon's protectorate.

According to a decision taken in 1803 by the states of the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation", Bavaria received compensation for the annexed territories in the Rhine region. The bishoprics of Würzburg, Bamberg, Freising, Augsburg, partially Eichstätt and Passau, 12 monasteries and 15 imperial cities went to her.

On January 1, 1806, Max IV Joseph, crowned as Max I, joined the Confederation of the Rhine. His minister Montgelas developed the foundations of a rigid state system. The Constitution of 1808 for the first time defined the equality of all before the law, the protection of the person and property, freedom of conscience and the independence of judges. The constitutional provisions of 1818 formed the basis of the democratic-parliamentary system in Bavaria. The newly created Bavarian Parliament (Landtag) consisted henceforth of two chambers: the Chamber of Members of the State Council and the Chamber of Deputies. Endowed with the right to make decisions on taxation, he soon began to play a decisive role in politics and legislation.

Between reform and revolution

During liberation wars Bavaria went over to the side of the opponents of Napoleon. Although she had to give up the previously occupied Austrian territories, but by the decisions of the Vienna Congress (1815-1816), Würzburg, Aschaffenburg and the Palatinate on the left side of the Rhine were finally assigned to her as compensation. in german Customs Union Bavaria joined in 1883.

During the reign of Ludwig I (1825-1848), the Bavarian capital of Munich became the cultural center of Germany, where poets, artists, architects and naturalists were attracted from all over the country. In addition, the king actively promoted the development of trade and industry. During his reign, the construction of a network of railways falls, the first section of which was laid in 1835 between the cities of Nuremberg and Fürth. The “March Demands” implemented by the 1848 revolution (including ministerial accountability, freedom of the press, electoral reform) led to significant restrictions on royal power, which prompted Ludwig I to abdicate in favor of his son Max. Maximilian II (1848 - 1864) continued the work of his father-philanthropist, and also led the implementation of socio-political reforms and was a great patron of science.

Wars, art and kings

Under the leadership of King Ludwig II (1864-1886), Bavaria took part in the wars against Prussia and France. During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, she took the side of Austria, and in 1870-1871. on the side of Prussia against France. After the end of the German-French War, Bavaria became part of the newly created German Empire. Ludwig II, still known to the whole world as the "Fairy King", increasingly moved away from politics, devoting himself to the construction of his castles and the intoxicating world of Richard Wagner's music. In 1886, he found death in the waters of Lake Starnberg.

His uncle Prince Regent Luitpold (1886-1912) and his son King Ludwig III (1912-1918) were the last representatives of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled for 738 years in Bavaria.

New times for Bavaria

The Provisional National Council, operating after the First World War, elected Kurt Eisner, a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party, as prime minister, who declared Bavaria a republic on November 8, 1918. His assassination caused a wave of violence. On April 6, 1919, the "Bavarian Soviet Republic", led by the Communists, was proclaimed. She was defeated by troops, consisting mainly of volunteers. Elected on January 12, 1919, the Landtag, which took refuge during the unrest in Bamberg, adopted the Constitution there on August 12, 1919.

From the very beginning, right-wing extremist forces fought against the new republican order. Despite the fact that Hitler's attempt to carry out a political coup by organizing the "March to the Feldgernhalle" on November 9, 1923, was suppressed by the Bavarian police, and he himself was arrested, the rather mild sentence passed on him did not weaken fascism. After the seizure of power in 1933, Bavaria, like other lands, was "unified" and deprived of its own statehood.

The terror of National Socialism began to rule in Bavaria as well. As early as 1933, the first concentration camp was set up in Dachau. Political opponents were ruthlessly pursued. For centuries, the Jewish population living in Bavarian cities and villages was expelled, forcibly taken out and destroyed. Gypsies and other national minorities also fell victim to tyranny.

However, even in this dark time of German history, a resistance movement was organized in Bavaria. One striking example is the White Rose group, which included students Hans and Sophia Scholl, Christoph Probst, Alexander Schmorell and Professor Kurt Huber. During World War II, the Bavarian cities of Munich, Nuremberg, Würzburg and others were heavily bombed. After the war, Bavaria was part of the American occupation zone. The rapid recovery of the cities was accompanied by the revival of the democratic system. On December 1, 1946, the Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria was adopted by an overwhelming majority of the Bavarian population.

However, the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, due to insufficiently expressed federalism, was initially rejected by the Bavarian Landtag. At the same time, a decision was made to join if the majority of the West German states adopted the Basic Law. Since 1949, the Free State of Bavaria has been part of the Federal Republic of Germany.

What did I know about Bavaria before the trip? The fact that the inhabitants of villages and small towns still wear traditional costumes, that delicious beer is brewed in the region, and that the nature of Bavaria is simply indescribable beauty.

Here, perhaps, and all my knowledge at that time. As usual, a trip to this beautiful German soil, I stood out spontaneously. Plus, I like to explore the natural beauties in the summer. For me, this is the perfect time of year for walking in the mountains, admiring waterfalls and lakes. So, it was decided literally in one evening - we were going to Bavaria. I can no longer be scared by collecting things the night before the trip, so everything was ready very quickly. As for the route, I have long outlined for myself the main places that I want to visit. About all the amazing corners of Bavaria, about what to see and where to walk, I will tell below.

How to get there

Traveling around Bavaria is more expedient to start with the largest city - Munich. If you are planning a trip from Russia, then, of course, choose an airplane.

For those who are already in Europe, a train or bus service may be considered. In principle, the choice of routes is great. I think that everyone can always find suitable option.

In general, the most convenient way to travel around Bavaria, in my opinion, is a car. The fact is that natural and architectural attractions are located here in small towns and even in the villages, which sometimes can be reached with only a few transfers by bus. This is not very convenient, especially when you have to wait for the next bus for quite a long time - the loss of precious time in the literally. We will talk about all types of transport further.

By plane

So, no matter what city you fly from, final destination will .

The Frans-Josef Strauss Airport itself is unique. It houses its own Airbrau brewery. Everyone can drink a freshly brewed drink, and the most curious can go on an excursion. Yes, the traditions of Bavaria have a place to be already at the airport. There are always a lot of people who want to taste a glass or two of cold beer. Because many people think: if you drink beer, then only from the barrel, only fresh. It has all the best taste qualities.

Between the first and second terminals there is a pool with artificial waves, where you can surf for free.

Boards and wetsuits are provided free of charge. You just need to sign up on the airport website, choose a time and enjoy skiing. One session lasts 45 minutes. There are sun loungers and armchairs for spectators. It remains to wish you a good rest!

From Moscow to Munich

Almost all airlines fly non-stop. Just a little more than three hours in the air - and you will find yourself in Bavaria. You can see the current ticket prices options.

S7

Offers passengers many flights from Domodedovo Airport to choose from - morning, afternoon and evening. It all depends on your preferences: if it is more convenient for you to fly to Munich in the afternoon, check into a hotel and immediately go for a walk, choose morning flights. If you prefer to arrive in the evening, arrive at the hotel, have dinner and relax before tomorrow - buy tickets for daytime flights.

The average price for round-trip tickets is about 200 EUR.

Utair

The Tyumen airline flies from Vnukovo airport and makes direct flights. Prices start from 210 EUR in both directions. Departing before lunch from Moscow, you will arrive in Munich at about one in the afternoon. You can immediately go to the hotel and calmly accommodate. Given the travel time to the hotel, you won't have to wait for check-in. I like these options because even after short flights you want to quickly take a shower, change clothes and go explore the city.

Lufthansa

The large German company is based in Domodedovo and offers direct flights to Munich in the afternoon.

Prices are not very different from the two previous carriers - about 230 EUR.

From Saint Petersburg to Munich

Flights to Munich are operated by airlines in cooperation with each other. That is, you fly there one, and return the other. All of them make a stop in Moscow. You won't be able to fly without a transfer.

S7; AirBerlin

Quite inconvenient flights with a change in Domodedovo: there are almost 8 hours, and back in general 14. And in both cases, the wait is at night. Price from 220 EUR. For other flights - the shorter the transfer, the more expensive the price (within 250EUR).

Utair

Another company that offers flights with a stopover at Moscow Domodedovo Airport. Moreover, there is a transplant for the whole night (about 13 hours). I have always wondered who flies such flights. The only option is if you have a place to stay in Moscow. Or shell out about 80-100 EUR per night in a hotel near the airport. A dubious prospect, to be honest.

Finnair

What are the prices for holidays

Hotels

If we talk about large cities in Bavaria, such as, then there is a wide range of prices. On the outskirts, you can rent a room for 45 EUR. If you need to stay in the center, then get ready to pay at least 80 EUR for the cheapest room. Often breakfast is paid separately. In my opinion, it is better to drink coffee with pastries in any cafe nearby than in such hotels. Breakfast in such places is a purely nominal name.

I will say a few words about the legendary Mandarin Oriental, Munich.

It is located in the very center of Munich. Everything here breathes restrained luxury and high cost. It offers a rooftop swimming pool, from where the city is visible at a glance (by the way, it is heated in cold weather), a spa center, a gym, restaurants and bars. Everything would be fine, but the prices for a basic number start from 700 EUR. But that's why he's a legend.

Moving away from the cities, moving towards the Alps, you will feel more and more freedom. Endless valleys, meadows, mountain slopes and very pretty villages. In such places, hotels are usually small family hotels or mountain chalets (houses with terraces located at the foot of the Alps).

As a rule, they have no more than 15-20 rooms. Therefore, they fill up very quickly. For example - we booked a hotel two days before arrival and booking gave out very few options, and prices fluctuated between 130-170 EUR. I had to search pretty hard to find a good hotel in a beautiful place for reasonable money and with breakfast. It is very important, because often there are no restaurants or cafes around such hotels. We also needed parking for the car. Usually it is paid separately (10-15 EUR per night). As a result, the ideal option was found for 110 EUR including breakfast and parking. In the evening we swam in the pool, warmed up in the sauna, tasted freshly brewed beer in the restaurant and enjoyed the amazing views from the terrace.

This I lead to the fact that you need to book a room at least a month and a half in advance. Then there will be more options and you will not have to overpay.

Food

In Bavaria, it is very pleasant to have lunch or dinner in beer yards. The second course costs 10-20 EUR, depending on the institution. This will be quite enough to stay full and satisfied (sausages or knuckle, potatoes and vegetables). A glass of beer will cost 3.50-5 EUR. Beer is always accompanied by a selection of light snacks. I must say that the food in Bavaria is quite simple and very nutritious. Therefore, do not order several items at once. In fact, the basis of Bavarian cuisine is the usual village products (potatoes, meat, cabbage, bread). Despite the simplicity, it is very tasty.

Excursions

Group tours have always been alien to me. And in Bavaria they are not needed. Here you need to independently drive and see the sights. But even if you are an independent traveler, you still need to buy tickets to enter the castles or to ride on the lakes. Let me tell you right now, it's not cheap.

For example:

• Sailing on Lake Königssee on a boat in one direction, and then returning back costs about 18 EUR. I will discuss this in more detail in the relevant section below.

• A visit to the salt mine in Berchtesgaden will cost 17 EUR.

• An excursion to Hitler's tea house costs about 18-20 EUR.

That is, on average, you need to count on 20 EUR to visit a particular place. Plus, if you are by car, then keep in mind that parking is paid everywhere and rates are calculated depending on how many hours you stay on the spot. And you need to pay in advance and leave the check under the windshield. If you paid for three hours and did not leave after this time, then the inspector can go through the check and issue a fine. Therefore, it is always better to pay with a margin of time - in any case, it is cheaper than paying a fine.

Taxi

Taxis in Bavaria are by no means cheap.

For example, here are the prices:

• landing: 3.30 EUR;

• 1 kilometer: 1.50-1.80 EUR (the highest fare for the first 5 kilometers, then the price decreases slightly);

• calling a taxi by phone: 1.20 EUR (for this you need to speak at least a little German, it is not a fact that the operator will understand you in English).

Main attractions. What to see

When planning a trip to Bavaria, first of all, decide what is more interesting for you - to be in nature or to see the cities. In most cases, a trip to the region starts from Munich. Therefore, you can stop here for a couple of days to see churches and cathedrals, the main square and, of course, visit the oldest brewery. And after that you can go to see the castles and enjoy fresh air in the Alps.

Top 5

Among the large number of interesting places I will present you those that you must visit.

Munich

I will not mark certain places in the city, but will highlight it as a separate item.

Old and new town halls, a long pedestrian street, old churches - there is something to see here.

Lake Königssee

The cleanest lake in Germany. On the Internet, you can often find photographs of this charming place.

For those who like to take picturesque pictures of nature, there is a continuous expanse.

Neuschwanstein Castle

The fairy tale castle depicted on the Disney logo is known to everyone.

Many do not know its name and location, but one has only to look at the photographs, as everyone recognizes it.

Hohenschwangau Castle

The second castle, located next to Neuschwanstein, attracts no less tourists.

Monumental walls, beautiful territory and majestic mountains around are very conducive to leisurely outdoor recreation.

Hitler's House "Eagle's Nest"

It is worth a visit if only for the stunning panoramas from Salzburg up to Lake Königssee, which open from a height.

Beaches. Which is better

Despite the fact that there are at least ten lakes in Bavaria, not all of them are intended for swimming. The fact is that mountain reservoirs are characterized by cool water. Even on the sunniest days, swimming in them is cold. Although the water is generally very clean everywhere.

Lovers of swimming and sunbathing choose Lake Chiemsee for relaxation.

The beaches are free. They spread all over the coast. The entrance to the water is quite gentle, quite suitable even for children. During the season, the beaches are always filled with both tourists and locals.

There are many resort towns on the shores of the lake, which have absolutely everything for a comfortable pastime. Even outdoor swimming pools (one is located in the town of Frasdorf).

Churches and temples. Which are worth a visit

Walking around the cities of Bavaria, pay attention to the monumental old cathedrals and temples. I will tell you about the most interesting ones.

Frauenkirche Cathedral (Munich)

It is hard not to see it and impossible to pass by. Located in the very center of the city. In 1525, the cathedral first opened its doors to parishioners. For that time, it was so large that it could accommodate 20 thousand people, and the population of Munich was only 13 thousand.

By the way, next to the entrance to the cathedral on the ground you can see the imprint of the sole. I do not believe in all sorts of legends and rumors, but they say that this is the footprint of the devil. Facing the facade, one gets the feeling that the building has no windows. It was this that amused the devil so much that for joy he stamped his foot, leaving a dent in the ground.

Peterkirche (Munich)

In addition to admiring the building from the outside, you can climb to a height of 90 meters in the tower to the observation deck.

If it will not be a problem for you to pass 297 steps, then go ahead! The reward will be a good view of the city from above.

Church of Our Lady (Nuremberg)

It is located on main square Nuremberg.

Every year before Christmas, the most beautiful girl in the city, which holds the opening ceremony of the traditional Christmas market from the balcony of the cathedral.

Church of St. Lawrence (Nuremberg)

Built in the traditional Gothic style. The most interesting thing in it is a stone rosette with a diameter of about 10 meters.

Take a closer look - symbolic images of darkness and light are depicted above it.

Chapel of the Virgin Mary (Würzburg)

The history of this outwardly elegant chapel is tragic. It goes back to the 14th century, when the plague reached Würzburg. The Jews were blamed for this misfortune, and after their destruction, the synagogue was also destroyed. A chapel was erected in its place.

I must say that during the bombing the building was badly damaged. It almost repeated the fate of the synagogue. However, it was restored and now the chapel pleases the eyes of the townspeople and tourists.

Basilica of Saints Ulrich and Afra (Augsburg)

The first church on this site was erected in the 5th century and was soon destroyed.

The same fate befell all the temples that were built on its foundation. Today, here you can see an architecturally interesting basilica.

Museums. Which are worth a visit

BMW Museum (Munich)

Both fans of the BMW brand and car lovers in general will like it here.

Visitors can see with their own eyes all stages of the production of machines and equipment of the concern.

Ticket price - 10 EUR.

Toy Museum (Munich)

Located on four floors of the tower of the Old Town Hall, the museum-exhibition is very popular among travelers.

Vintage wooden, metal, paper toys, dolls, teddy bears and much more were collected by Ivan Steiger in his collection.

Ticket price - 4 EUR.

Oktoberfest Museum (Munich)

Yes, this holiday has its own museum. Among the exhibits are mugs, traditional costumes, decorations taken from the festival. By the way, the ticket price includes a glass of beer and a cheese snack, so I advise you to stop by.

Ticket price - 4 EUR.

Glyptothek (Munich)

The building with columns was built specifically for this museum. The collection consists of ancient Roman and Greek statues and busts.

Ticket price - 6 EUR.

Dürer House (Nuremberg)

The museum is located in the house where the great artist lived. Everything in the rooms has been preserved as it was during Dürer's lifetime.

Taking an audio guide, you will learn the life story of the master, many interesting facts about his family and work.

Ticket price - 5 EUR.

Brewery Museum (Kulmbach)

In fact, this brewery is a museum only conditionally. You can not only watch the process of creating a drink, but also try yourself as a brewer. And then - taste your own creation.

parks

English Garden (Munich)

I must say that its dimensions are colossal. For comparison, it is much larger than Hyde Park () and Central Park(). Initially, its territory was planned as a forest park zone, that is, without paths, benches and restaurants.

But over time, everything has changed. Today, the English Garden is a favorite vacation spot for both citizens and tourists. Here you can walk, dine in the beer garden and even go surfing. Yes, yes, you heard right. There is a stream in the garden and in one area there are ideal conditions for boarding.

Olympic Park (Munich)

Built for the 1972 Olympic Games, it is still very popular among the people of Munich. On its territory there is a water stadium, an ice skating rink, a velodrome and, of course, the Olympic Stadium, in which the Bayern football club was based until recently.

Be sure to climb to the observation deck of the tower (290 meters), admire the city from a height (lift 7 EUR), and then have dinner in a panoramic restaurant or drink a cocktail in a bar. The views here are gorgeous.

Rose Garden (Bamberg)

This magnificent garden in baroque style. More than 4,000 rose bushes have been planted here. During the flowering of plants, the sight is absolutely amazing.

Gazebos, benches, graceful fountains are provided for visitors. Very nice place for leisurely walks. If you are in Bamberg, be sure to check out this place.

Altmühl Nature Park

This is a huge green area where bike paths are laid, churches and monasteries are built. On the embankment of the Altmühl River, vacationers like to sit in restaurants, enjoying traditional Bavarian dishes. Concerts and festivals are regularly held at special venues. In general, it is never boring here.

neighboring regions

Bavaria borders on four states - Thuringia and Saxony. You can get to the main cities (capitals) of the lands by trains. The railway communication is very well developed.

Baden Württemberg

The region is rich in resort towns with healing waters and ancient castles.

Baden Baden

lovely city, having arrived in which, you absolutely do not want to leave it.

Here you can walk along the shady alleys along the stream, improve your health in the famous Baths of Caracalla, and the most daring do not miss the opportunity to try their luck in the legendary casino.

Heidelberg

A city that was virtually unaffected by bombing during World War II. A majestic castle rises on the mountain, a symbol of romance and independence. It was dilapidated in the 17th century as a result of French raids and today you can see the surviving ruins here. To be honest, it remains a mystery to me why the castle complex is not being restored. Despite this, at any time of the year there are always a lot of visitors.

Stuttgart

The city is the birthplace of Mercedes-Benz cars.

If you are staying in Stuttgart, visit the car museum of this brand, take a walk in the city center and dine in one of the restaurants.

Hesse

You should definitely make time for the Hesse Park. This is the area where the houses and windmills typical for rural areas of the region. A very colorful place.

Lorelei rock

This rock is covered with myths and legends. I really love places like this.

According to legend, the famous gold of the Nibelungs is hidden in the gorge, guarded by fabulous elves. And you may not believe it, but the atmosphere on the cliff is absolutely amazing. The views all around are worth popping into. mysterious place.

Thuringia

Visit the medieval Wartburg castle near Eisenach. After that, you can spend the whole day in the Hainich National Park.

Also admire the monument to Schillir and Goethe in the town and set off on your further journey.

Saxony

Of course, inspect first. The nature here is incredibly picturesque.

Sandstone mountains, cliffs, the famous bridge and rare bird species - all this attracts tourists from all over the world. The main thing is to choose sports shoes and comfortable clothes.

nearby islands

In order to visit the islands, you need to go to Lake Chiemsee. It is also called the Bavarian Sea. There are two islands here - Herreninsel and Fraueninsel.

They are named so because one was located monastery, and on the other - female.

Herreninsel

Let me tell you a few words about each of them. The eccentric king Ludwig II once bought the male island and conceived a grandiose project - to recreate an exact copy of the French Versailles. The central fountain, the facade of the palace, the main staircase are its exact copies.

I must say that all three castles of the king are masterpieces, including the famous Neuschwanstein and Linderhof.

Concerning palace complex on the island of Herreninsel, everything seen on visitors makes an indelible impression. If you abstract for a second and forget about where you are, then you can easily imagine that you are standing on the territory of Versailles itself. It's just incredible.

Fraueninsel

It is very close. Tourists are taken on boats from one coast to another. There is still a nunnery here. The nuns are engaged in agriculture, grow vegetables and herbs, and a small restaurant nearby serves dishes from these products to visitors to the island. Entrance to the territory of the monastery is prohibited. Tourists walk around its walls, enter the church, enjoy the nature around and just relax.

Food. What to try

All those who are on a diet or prefer diet food - be on the alert. Bavarian cuisine is quite fatty and nutritious. The basis is bakery products, meat, sausages and homemade pickles.

Paphos expensive restaurants are not very common here, although they exist. Mostly visitors prefer the beer gardens. These are such traditional establishments with open terraces, and sometimes with tables right on the grass. Guests are served by waiters in Bavarian costumes.

Here you will not find the notorious Caesar or Caprese salads. But dumplings (steamed potato balls), white sausages with mustard, pork steak with spicy sauce and sauerkraut, crispy pretzels and freshly brewed beer - in in large numbers.

If you are not hungry, then choose a cold cut, such as cheese or meat. Pair with a glass of wine, local beer, or a refreshing schorle (apple juice or wine with sparkling water).

The only thing I can say for sure is that everything I tried was very tasty. Yes, although this is not the easiest and diet food, but sometimes you can afford it.

Features of the mentality

Bavarians love and know how to enjoy life. They do not tend to complain or complain about what is happening. They take everything for granted, which in the end will only lead to the best. Cheerfulness among the Bavarians does not hold.

Locals spend evenings with friends, colleagues or family in restaurants, discussing pressing issues. They do not like to rush and rush. This lifestyle is addictive. Having lived in Bavaria for some time, a person joins this rhythm and gradually plunges into a relaxed friendly atmosphere.

Holidays

Theater Festival (Munich)

Held every two years in November or December

At this time, theater groups perform on the stages of the city, looking for new talents and experimenting with genres.

Oktoberfest (Munich)

The famous beer festival takes place in the very center of the city every year in late September - early October.

It lasts 16 days and is visited by about 6 million people.

Kinderzehe (Dinkelsbühl)

Every summer, the events of the Thirty Years' War are recreated in the city of Dinkelsbühl, when Swedish troops besieged the city. Then the children who came out to the enemy asked not to destroy Dinkelsbühl. So the city survived. During the holiday, a costume procession is arranged, where the main place is occupied by smart children.

Knight Tournaments (Kaltenberg)

By tradition, in the first days of July, Kaltenberg turns into a real medieval city.

Tournaments are held here, jester's fun at fairs typical of that time. In general, visitors have fun from the heart.

Safety. What to watch out for

Bavaria didn't make me feel like a dangerous region. As elsewhere, you need to be careful here and then there will be no problems. When walking around the cities, do not go to crowded places with open bags and backpacks.

I would not advise you to give your phones and cameras to passers-by with a request to take a picture of you. Although in Munich I was asked about it a couple of times, then at Neuschwanstein Castle. Maybe I just inspire confidence in passers-by, of course. I don't know, but I wouldn't dare give up my technique.

Late at night it is better to return to the hotel by taxi. But I think this is understandable.

And the rest - relax and enjoy your vacation, not thinking about the bad.

Things to do

Biking

There are many cycling routes in the Bavarian Alps. In summer, many tourists ride along these paths. But you need to rent a special mountain bike, which is designed for steep climbs and travel along uneven paths.

nordic walking

If the bike is not for you, then go conquer the mountains on foot.

Many tourists love trekking in the mountains, while others go in for Nordic walking.

Shopping and stores

I will talk about the most interesting places.

Maximilian street

Lovers of luxury brands should go here. Fashion boutiques lined up one after another. Also located here are antique shops, art galleries and world-famous jewelry workshops.

Shopping centers

If you are interested in brands of clothing and footwear of the middle price category, then you should go to shopping centers. The largest are Fünf Hofe, Karlstadt and Olympia. You need to allocate enough time for shopping, because you won’t be able to quickly run through the shops. But you won't be able to leave without shopping.

bars

The format of bars in Bavaria is mainly beer yards. From April to October, tables are taken outside, and in cold weather, visitors are indoors.

The menu features several types of beer, wine, soft drinks, as well as snacks and even full-fledged main courses. The atmosphere in such establishments is always cheerful and friendly.

Clubs and nightlife

Every major city has nightclubs. Of course, the most fashionable discos are located in Munich. And you can choose where to go - to a pretentious expensive club, to a rock party or to a disco where young people and students hang out.

If you are going to a club, you will most likely be met by face control at the entrance. Therefore, avoid sporty clothing. In many establishments, the audience looks like on the red carpet in Cannes. Just keep that in mind.

Often the entrance is paid and ranges from 10 to 20 EUR, depending on the institution.

extreme sports

Extreme lovers will find many interesting entertainments in the mountains.

Rock climbing

This sport is common in the Eifel mountain range, and more precisely in the city of Ettringen (west of Munich). There are climbing centers where you can get training, rent equipment and start climbing the rocks with a guide.

Flying in the sky

Paragliding or skydiving is possible near the town of Obersdorf.

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Briefly about Bavaria: why go and what to see

Bavaria is one of the most distinctive regions of Germany, it is not surprising that tourists and travelers have long fallen in love with this southern land for its sights, nature, cuisine, climate and recreational opportunities. Indeed, Bavaria is the largest region in the country, diverse both in its landscape and in its historical heritage. Tourists who have been here note that Bavaria combines various areas of tourism and is not limited to one thing. In Bavaria are adjacent to each other romantic castles and famous historical monuments, Alpine nature and Franconian "gingerbread" towns, crystal clear lakes and museums of modern technology. The Bavarians themselves say that everyone here can find something to their liking.

Travel routes in Bavaria are very diverse. In the north of the region is Franconia with its small but extremely picturesque towns, thermal spas and the greatest natural phenomenon - the Danube Fault. In the south of the country you can see the alpine nature with its lakes, mountains and waterfalls, as well as visit the local ski resorts. To the west are the world-famous castles, as well as lake constance. To the east is the Bavarian Forest Nature Park. Well, Central Bavaria is traditionally associated with Munich and its many attractions.

R. Halfpaap/Bad Reichenhall

Visa and entry rules to Germany

In order to enter Germany for the purpose of tourism, a Schengen visa type C is required. It allows you to move around all countries included in the Schengen agreement. Having received a Schengen visa, you can easily travel both within Germany itself and abroad, for example, tourists often combine visiting Bavaria with trips to Austria (Salzburg, Hallstatt, Innsbruck) or the Czech Republic (Prague, Karlovy Vary, Cesky Krumlov).

To open a tourist visa, you need to collect a standard package of documents, take out insurance (with coverage of at least 30 thousand euros), purchase a return ticket and book accommodation (hotel, apartments, etc.). If you are traveling to Bavaria on a visitor visa, you must also attach an invitation from the German side. In addition to the embassy in Moscow, consulates general, where you can apply for a visa, are also located in St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, in addition, in many large cities there are visa centers dealing with this issue.

Climate and weather of Bavaria

The climate of Bavaria is quite mild, with the exception of the foothills of the Bavarian Alps. Bavaria is considered the southernmost region of the country, so there is much less precipitation here than in the rest of Germany, in winter there can be a slight minus and short-term snowfall, which, most often, immediately melts. Spring, summer and autumn in Bavaria are warm but not hot, for this reason sightseeing vacation will be comfortable almost at any time of the year. Bavaria's weather is characterized by stability and mildness in most of the territory, with the exception of the Bavarian Alps, where winters are quite snowy (ski resorts are open), and summer months can be windy and slightly wetter than the rest of the region.

Currency, language, local time

In Germany, as in most European countries, the euro currency has been adopted. If you have not exchanged money in advance, then currency exchange offices can be found at the arrival terminals. You will need cash at the airport to pay for public transport or taxis, other currencies (dollars, for example) are not accepted for payment.

In Bavaria, as in the rest of Germany, they speak German, while in the southern part of the region you can hear an unusual Swabian dialect, which is also characteristic of Austria bordering Bavaria. English is generally understood in all tourist places, many signs in museums, galleries, castles and other attractions are duplicated on English language, you can often take Russian-language audio guides on excursions. Local time coincides with Moscow.

How to get to Bavaria

There are two main ways to get to Bavaria - by flying to Munich or Memmingen. Munich Airport is a major international air hub in Germany, where aircraft from all over the world land, including direct flights from Russia. You can get from Moscow or St. Petersburg to Munich by direct flight, from other cities of Russia - with a transfer at one of the airports in Moscow.

Direct flights from Moscow to Munich are operated Russian airlines Aeroflot, S7 and German LuftHansa. In addition, many European carriers offer a flight to Munich with a short layover in one of the European capitals and, as a rule, such tickets are somewhat cheaper. The flight time lasts 3 hours. Munich Franz Josef Strauss Airport is located 30 km from the city center and consists of 2 terminals. You can get from the airport by city train, regular bus or taxi. The railway station is located right at the airport, the bus stop is at the exit of the arrivals terminal No. 1. You can order a taxi at the information desk, or book a transfer in advance through various services:

Public transport in Bavaria

Bavaria is literally riddled with a network public transport, so moving between cities and smaller towns here can be easily and naturally. A convenient way to travel around the region is to buy the so-called "Bavaria ticket" for regional trains and trains, it is cheap and often justifies itself in terms of logistics. With such a ticket, you can travel not only around Bavaria itself, but also, for example, visit the Austrian Salzburg. Of course, you can travel on ordinary one-time tickets. Train timetable - on .

Relatively recently, such a type of transportation as a bus has become competitive in Germany. Although bus trips take a little longer, due to the low cost of tickets, they are very popular among budget tourists. In addition, buses help out when you need to get to places in Bavaria where trains do not go, or go, but with big amount transfers, for example, to the beloved Bavarian castles, as well as the Alpine region of Berchtesgaden.

As for urban public transport, in most cities it is simply not necessary due to the small size of the settlements themselves. The only exception is perhaps Munich. In Munich, public transport is represented by the city metro, commuter trains, trams and buses. The entire network of public transport in Munich is divided into zones. In order not to bother with all these divisions into zones, it is convenient for tourists to purchase tickets for the whole day (or for 3 days) and travel unlimited on all modes of transport to any part of the city.

If you plan a little movement, then you can get by with a one-time ticket, its cost will depend on the zone you need to get to (the ticket machines have detailed maps duplicated in English). By the way, there are no turnstiles and barriers in the Munich metro, but this does not mean that there is no control on the line.

Please note that tickets must be punched in special machines located at the stations before boarding; on buses, this must be done inside the cabin. For an unvalidated ticket, the owner faces a fine. In general, moving around Munich is quite convenient even for those who are in the city for the first time, because. everywhere there are detailed signs and diagrams that help you quickly navigate the place. In this plan (as in many others) Munich is a "friendly" city towards tourists.

Car rental in Bavaria

Germany is traditionally famous for its impeccable roads, and especially for its high-speed highways - autobahns, thanks to which you can quickly get to any settlement. The advantage of roads in Germany is also that they are free (whereas in most European countries tolls apply for freeways). If you are a happy owner of a driver's license and plan to travel a lot in Bavaria and possibly beyond, then it makes sense to consider such a method of transportation as a rented car.

This option is quite widely demanded in Germany, and in Bavaria in particular. You can find car rental points in any more or less large Bavarian city. Needless to say, there are a great many such offices in Munich. Prepared tourists often book a car right at the airport of arrival, so as not to waste time on public transport.

In order to draw up a rental agreement for a car, you must have a passport, an international driver's license (or a new model with an entry in Latin), a bank card for debiting funds. You will also be offered to take out car insurance. In order to ensure that the desired class of car is guaranteed to be waiting for you upon arrival at the airport, you can book it in advance using special online services:

Travel insurance

Going on a trip to Germany and Bavaria in particular, do not forget to take out a travel insurance policy, which is mandatory already at the stage of issuing a tourist visa. You can take out insurance on your own without leaving your home. There are special services for this:

- online insurance for people traveling abroad and traveling in Russia;

- O online service for choosing and buying travel insurance with the ability to compare offers from various insurance companies;

You can buy a policy online and then print it on a regular printer. Insurance must be attached to the documents for a visa, you also need to have it with you at the time of passage passport control upon arrival at the airport. note that minimum amount insurance coverage for a trip to Europe is 30 thousand euros. Medicine in Germany is paid and quite expensive, so having insurance with you is not a luxury, but a necessity.

We will be happy to answer your questions in the comments!

Photo at the beginning of the article: Bernd Thaller