Singapore map in Russian. The capital of Singapore, the flag, the history of the country. Where is Singapore located on the world map. The best book about Singapore

Singapore or the Republic of Singapore is a city-state in South-East Asia. satellite map Singapore shows that the country occupies 63 islands, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Johor. The city-state borders Malaysia and Indonesia. The area of ​​the country is 718.3 sq. km. The area of ​​the country is constantly increasing due to the alluvium of territories: since the 1960s, the area of ​​the country has grown by 200 square meters. km.

Today Singapore is a highly developed state, which is the trading and financial center of Southeast Asia. The country's economy is based on the production of electronics, information technology, financial services and pharmaceuticals. Singapore is referred to as the "East Asian tigers" - countries whose economies were able to make a sharp jump and reach the level of developed countries.

Downtown Singapore: Botanical Gardens on the left, Marina Bay Sands Hotel and Museum of Arts and Science on the right

Singapore is also widely known as a country where there is almost no corruption. The city was able to achieve this thanks to the high salaries of officials and a harsh system of punishments, including the death penalty.

The city-state tries to maintain friendly relations with all countries of the world, but at the same time not to depend on anyone. However, the most important thing for Singapore is relations with Malaysia, from where water is supplied to the city.

Singapore has 4 languages: English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. Special attention is given to English, as the city-state largely lives off foreign investors attracted by low taxation. The national currency of the country is the Singapore dollar.

The national symbol of Singapore is the Merlion statue.

Brief history of Singapore

XV-XVI centuries - as part of the Sultanate of Johor

1867 - the city became a colony of the British Empire

1942-1945 Singapore was occupied by Japan

1951 - the city is recognized as a self-governing state within the British Empire

1963 - the country became part of the Federation of Malaysia

1965 - independence from Malaysia

1959-1990 – modernization and a sharp jump in the economy of Singapore

Esplanade Theater

Sights of Singapore

On detailed map Singapore with streets and houses you can see some of the sights of the country: main island Singapore, tourist island Sentosa, Bukit Timah (163.3 m), Clar Key, Pulau Ubin and Orchard Road.

Singapore is a cosmopolitan city, but many ethnic districts have been preserved on its territory: the Indian district of Little India, the Chinese district of Chinatown, the Arab quarter and the Malay quarter of Kampong Glam.

Indian District Little India

Among the attractions of Singapore, it is worth highlighting the botanical garden, an amusement park Universal Studios, Skyscraper District, Esplanade Theatre, Singapore Zoo, Jurong Bird Park, Ferris Wheel, observation deck the Marina Bay Sands Hotel and the Museum of Arts and Science.

In addition, in Singapore it is worth seeing the statue of the Merlion, the Hindu temple of Sri Mariamman, the oceanarium on Sentosa Island, the Museum of Asian Civilizations, the statue of Salvador Dali "Newton" and Buddhist temple Shuang Lin.

Tourist area - Sentosa Island

SINGAPORE

(Republic of Singapore)

General information

Geographical position. The state of Singapore is located in the heart of Southeast Asia, north of the equator, near the Malay Peninsula. The territory of the state of Singapore consists of the island of Singapore and 58 small islands in the territorial waters. The island has an oval shape, its length is 42 and its width is 22 km. The largest of the islands are Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa.

Square. The territory of Singapore occupies 632 sq. km.

shitty cities, Administrative division. Capital of country-g. Singapore (3,000 thousand people).

Political system

Singapore is part of the Commonwealth. The head of state is the president. Legislative body - parliament.

Relief. Singapore is both a city, and an island, and a country. The city is made up of densely built-up and densely populated areas. Singapore was founded on the Singapore River, considered the center of the city. South of the river, at the mouth, are the business districts centered around Raffles Founder's Square. In the southeast, Chinatown is bordered by business districts. North of the Singapore River is a colonial area reminiscent of the British rule. Western part The islands are occupied by the Jurong industrial zone, where there are also places that deserve the attention of tourists. On east coast you can see the old villages and coastal parks. Northern part The islands are less developed - forests and a number of parks have been preserved here. The highest point of the island of Singapore is Bukit Timah hill, 162 m high, overgrown with tropical forests. central part the islands are filled with plains and forests, and the eastern zone is filled with low hills and valleys. The southeastern part of the island is mainly made up of plateaus. Singapore is connected to Peninsular Malaysia by a kilometer-long causeway.

Climate. Singapore is located 136 km north of the equator, which means that it is hot and stuffy at any time of the year. This country has a tropical climate. The temperature here constantly fluctuates around +30°С (+22°С on the hills) even at night; All year round there is high humidity - usually more than 75%. The rainiest period in Singapore lasts from November to January, the driest period is from May to July. The coldest months are November, December and January. The sun shines on average half a day (from November to January this interval is reduced).

Inland waters. Singapore River.

Soils and vegetation. Remains rainforest off the coast - mangroves.

Animal world. Many kinds of birds. Small-feeders include monkeys and lemurs.

Population and language

Singapore has long been a multinational state. Nearly three-quarters of Singapore's 2.8 million people are Chinese, 14% Malay, 7% Indian and 1.1% other. The population density in Singapore is about 5,400 people per 1 sq. km. km.

Religion

Buddhism - 30%, Christianity - 20%, Islam - 18%, Confucianism - 15%, Taoism - 6%.

Brief historical outline

In the XIV century. Chinese merchants described Singapore, known in those days as Temaseka, as a bare island inhabited by pirates. According to Malay legend, the Sumatran prince met a lion on the island, and this good omen prompted him to found the city of Singapore here, which means "Lion City". Singapore has become small trading city powerful empire of Srivijaya - before it recognized the dominion of the Javanese Majapahit empire in the middle of the thirteenth century. In the early 90s of the XIII century. Prince Parameshwara broke his alliance with the Majapahit Empire, fled to Temasek and used the island as a place to set up a pirate camp.

The British became interested in the harbor of Malacca in the 18th century. In 1786, Captain Francis Light founded a settlement on the island of Penang. In 1795 Holland and its colonies were annexed by France. In the war with France, the British captured all the Dutch possessions in Southeast Asia. Sir Stamford Raffles was governor of Java from 1811 to 1816. Raffles was commissioned to establish a settlement at Riau along with Colonel William Farquhar, former ruler of Malacca. January 29, 1819 Raffles landed on the island of Singapore. From the local ruler Temenggong and Sultan Hussein, he obtained agreement to found a settlement. Farqahar quickly established a duty-free Trading port and used his influence to attract merchants from Malacca. Visiting Singapore in May 1819, Raffles discovered a growing city. By 1821, the population of Singapore was 5 thousand people, including about a thousand Chinese. Temenggong settled on the Singapore River, and Sultan Hussein built a palace in Kampang. Raffles, who had little influence on the original development of Singapore, returned there in 1822 and took over the affairs of the colony. He moved the commercial district closer to the river and flattened the hill to create a square named after him in its place. Raffles ensured that Singapore remained a free port - to the displeasure of Singaporean merchants.

8 1824 Singapore and the islands surrounding it finally became part of the British colonies. In 1826, Singapore joined Penang and Malacca to form the Straits Protectorate. On April 1, 1867, the Straits Protectorate became a completely separate colony administered from Singapore. In 1877, the breeding of rubber plants began in Singapore. A year later, pneumatic tires were invented and the rubber trade boomed. The Japanese invaded Singapore on February 8, 1941. They were met with fierce resistance, but the city fell a week later. During the war, Singapore was almost completely destroyed. In 1946 and 1947 Mass strikes began in Singapore. In 1948, a state of emergency was declared in the region. The guerrilla war under the leadership of the communists was fought for 12 years.

On August 9, 1965, Singapore became an independent state. The region experienced an economic boom. Gross national product grew by almost 100%, Singapore gradually became the industrial and financial center of Asia. A stable government and a developed industry attracted more and more investment. Along the way, the face of Singapore has changed. By the 1970s, Singapore was considered the richest country in Asia, with the exception of Japan.

Brief economic essay

The basis of the economy is traditional foreign trade operations (mainly re-export), as well as export industries (based on imported raw materials). Petrochemical, electrical and radio-electronic, optical-mechanical, shipbuilding, ship repair, aviation, steel-smelting industries. Primary processing of rubber, coffee, tea. Cultivated coconut palm, spices, tobacco, vegetables, fruits. Pig breeding, poultry farming. Fishing, sea fishing. Export of office equipment, television and radio equipment, oil products. Foreign tourism.

Currency unit- Singapore dollar.

A Brief Outline of Culture

Art and architecture. Singapore. Palace of the Empress (1860), which houses Cultural Center With art gallery, shops and restaurants.

Singapore is a very small state-city with an ultra-high concentration of modern technical advances and ancient traditions. Singapore's culture is a unique fusion of Chinese, Indian and Malay traits that makes it look like a miniature model of Asia.

Currently, Singapore includes 63 islands in Southeast Asia, some of which are uninhabited. The total area of ​​the state is very small, but the population density here is one of the highest in the world. Moreover, despite its very small size, Singapore is truly unique country, which cannot be seen in three days or three weeks. Firstly, a great many grandiose entertainment complexes and parks. Secondly, there are colorful ethnic regions (Chinese, Indian, Arabic and Malaysian). Thirdly, there are no such green and clean streets anywhere in the world, thanks to which Singapore even got the nickname garden city. Besides, given country is real "mecca" for shoppers, gourmets and fans of nightlife. Well, in general, Singapore attracts with its mild climate and rich vegetation, a mixture of Asian customs and European chic, cosmopolitanism and friendliness of local residents.

Climate and weather

Singapore is located in the equatorial maritime climate zone, so the weather is always hot and humid here. Literally throughout the year average temperature air is +26...+30 °С. The coolest time is the period from November to January: which the thermometer at this time drops to +24 °С.

Rainfall here is quite frequent. As a rule, these are heavy showers that do not last more than an hour. Their maximum amount There are two monsoon seasons: from December to March and from June to September. Between these seasons, there is not much precipitation, but they are accompanied by quite strong thunderstorms. For this reason, an umbrella in Singapore is relevant at any time.

Nature

The territory of Singapore lies in the region of Southeast Asia and is an archipelago, which consists of one large island and many small islands. The state is located between Indonesia and Malaysia, from which it is separated by the Singapore and Johor Straits. The main territory of Singapore is located on the diamond-shaped island of the same name, among other islands the largest are Pulau Yubin, Pulau Tekong, Jurong And Sentosa.

There are no mountains in Singapore, and its highest point is a hill Bukit Timah(165 m). There are also no natural lakes here, but there are several reservoirs and three rivers (Kalang, Shangei Seletar and Singapore).

Attractions

The sights of Singapore, whose symbol is the mythical half-lion-half-mermaid, will appeal to fans of tropical nature and Asian flavor. Most of them are concentrated in the Central District, the district Jurong, on the island Sentosa, in ethnic neighborhoods (Chinatown, Little India, Malay Village and Arab Quarter).

The most famous sights of Sentosa Island: musical fountains, Butterfly Park, huge Oceanarium, tower Merlion and beautiful gardens Howe Par Vila Tiger Balm. In the Jurong area, the unique Orchid Garden and Bird Park with the Discovery research center are of particular interest. Ethnic quarters are notable for their color and religious architecture, while the Central District boasts luxurious hotels and shops, as well as impressive skyscrapers.

It is worth saying that the cosmopolitan orientation of Singapore has led to the fact that some very unusual objects have appeared in the architecture of this city-state. Among them, for example, theater "Esplanade" fruit-shaped durian or sculpture by Salvador Dali "Newton". Less original, but no less interesting sights of Singapore include the colonial Parliament building, the hotel "Ruffols"(1886), the Victoria Theater and numerous statues of the mythical half-lion-half-mermaid.

Also on the territory of Singapore, many temples of various denominations have been preserved: Orthodox Church St. Gregory, mosque Abdul Ghaffour, Catholic cathedral Good Shepherd, synagogue Hesed El, the famous Hindu temple Sri Mariamman and many others. There are in Singapore and very interesting museums which also deserve close attention. First of all, this is the Museum of Art, National Museum, museum "Founders of Singapore" and the Maritime Museum.

Nutrition

Singaporean cuisine is a mixture culinary traditions China, India, Malaysia and Europe, as well as excellent product quality. Throughout the country, there is a huge number of various culinary establishments for every taste and budget, so even the most demanding gourmets will like it here.

Among local residents, food centers are the most popular, which are entire complexes with many small eateries and kiosks with mobile kitchens. Usually in such establishments it is crowded at lunchtime.

To the main national dishes Singapura, which you can try in any food center or restaurant, include original dumplings Dim sum, chicken with rice and ginger-garlic sauce, crabs in chili sauce, shrimp pate, and coconut, rice and noodle soup. From drinks locals prefer cognac, Chinese green tea and cocktails based on juices and gin and juices. Although in general, the choice here is so wide that you can find any drink if you wish.

Also in Singapore, Chinese restaurants are ubiquitous, where you can taste traditional noodles with fried meat or the famous shark fin soup. Indian cuisine establishments are no less common, offering all sorts of spicy curries, sweet yoghurt treats and soft Naan bread. Establishments that specialize in spicy Malay cuisine operate everywhere. And, of course, the culinary picture of Singapore is simply unthinkable without all kinds of shrimp, crabs, oysters, squid and mussels, dishes from which are sold literally on every corner.

Accommodation

In Singapore, tourists are waiting for numerous hotels of various categories, so there will be no problems with choosing a place to stay. Firstly, luxury hotels of international operators are located here. Hilton, Novotel, Hyatt, Swiss And Sheraton, as well as the southeastern chain Shangri La and Chinese Oriental. Secondly, Singapore is simply replete with large hotel complexes, which are located in skyscrapers, and boutique hotels in buildings old mansions. Also here is a large number of hotels designed for travelers who come for business purposes. On the territory of such establishments there are meeting rooms and offices of popular companies, and their rooms are equipped with a printer, scanner and fax.

I must say that the quality of service and living conditions in all of the above establishments deserves the highest praise. There are practically no bad hotels in Singapore, and even 2 or 3 * establishments are at a very decent level. The most modest accommodation options are considered small Asian guesthouses and small hotels in Chinatown China Town.

If we talk about the cost of accommodation, then here it is quite high and is considered the highest in all of Southeast Asia. However, even in budget hotels Singapore guests have access to a basic set of services and minimal comfort. In addition, almost everywhere a full breakfast is included in the price.

Entertainment and recreation

In Singapore, tourists are provided with a simply colossal choice of entertainment. Their list opens amusement park Universal Studios, located in the vast territory of the Resorts World Sentosa complex (Sentosa Island). In this place, guests are waiting for dizzying rides, vibrant festivals and themed shows. In addition, the complex has a water park and a huge oceanarium. By the way, there is another large water park in Singapore - Wild Wild Wet. Further it is recommended to visit the Singapore Zoo and beautiful park birds Jurong Bird Park. Also popular among tourists are the giant Ferris wheel and cable car to Sentosa Island. Another famous place of Singapore are futuristic gardens Gardens by the Bay where you can get acquainted with the most diverse representatives of flora and fauna. Another reserve worth visiting is the rainforest. "Bukit Tim".

Among sports activities in Singapore, golf is the most popular, so there are many golf clubs open here. For those who want to pamper their body, the largest spa awaits Spa Botanica, but the abundance of discos and clubs will delight fans of nightlife. They are encouraged to go outside. Mohamed Sultan Road, where the most fashionable nightclubs are concentrated.

Singapore boasts many holidays and festivals. The most colorful and colorful events in the country are the Hougang Spring Festival, Chinese New Year, Buddha's Birthday and Hindu holidays Thaipusam and Ponggal. Also of interest are the Ceremonies of Purification by Fire, the Dragon Boat Festival and the festivals of Navratri and Deepavali. Of the social events, the most notable are the Fashion Festival and the Product Festival. In addition, since 2008, the famous races have been held in Singapore. "Formula 1".

Purchases

Singapore can rightly be called a real paradise for shopping lovers, as here you can buy almost everything: from branded clothing to incredibly beautiful and unusual souvenirs. This is not surprising, since goods from all over the world flock here. There are many large shopping centers in Singapore that work every day. Perhaps the most popular and interesting complex for shopping is Centrepoint, which sells everything you could want: fashion clothes, sporting goods, household items, antiques, books, oriental rugs, Asian culture items, etc.

In addition to huge shopping and entertainment centers in Singapore, there are entire shopping districts with many shops and shops. One such place is the street. Orchard Road, where, by the way, a grand sale takes place from June to July. Also noteworthy are the colorful Chinese and Indian shops, simply overflowing with ethnic goods. And if in shopping malls Since all prices are strictly fixed, then bargaining is always appropriate in private establishments. True, you should not be too zealous, as local merchants do not overestimate prices too much.

As already mentioned, the choice of goods in Singapore is simply colossal, so initially you can even get confused here. Most often, Malay batik, Chinese silk, orchids in gold and Asian medicinal herbs are brought here. Also here you can profitably buy knitwear, summer shoes, bags, modern electronic devices and a variety of electronics.

Transport

Singapore has one of the most modern transport systems, which includes trains, subways, buses, monorail, taxis and even domestic helicopter service. international Airport Changi is the largest and most significant in Southeast Asia, and the Port of Singapore is one of the largest ports in the world. The most convenient way to travel around the country is by bus. Singapore does not have its own railway, but lines of Malaysian railways enter its territory.

Urban public transport Singapore (the capital) consists of buses, metro, light rail, taxis, cable cars and cycle rickshaws. The Singapore Metro is recognized as one of the most modern and comfortable in the world, and its trains connect sea ​​port, Changji Airport, sleeping areas and business center. The fare depends on the distance ($0.75-2). A light rail ride costs $0.75-0.9. public buses Singapore is also quite comfortable. The fare in a regular bus ranges from $0.4 to $0.9, and in an air-conditioned bus it ranges from $0.5 to $1.5. Timetable bus routes sold at terminal stations or bookstores.

To more exotic species Transportation includes the cable car to Sentosa Island and cycle rickshaws. Also in the capital ply tourist buses and a tourist tram line.

To pay for travel on any type of transport, it is most convenient to purchase an electronic card EZ Link which saves up to 15%. There is also a special pass for tourists. Visitor Card.

Singapore taxi is a very convenient and relatively inexpensive mode of transport. Fares are about $2.3 per landing and $0.5 per kilometer. From 23:00 the cost of the trip increases by 50%.

Companies that rent cars are found everywhere (from $200 per day). To rent a car in Singapore, you will need a passport and driver's license.

Connection

Singapore has a modern and efficient telecommunications system. Public telephone booths are literally installed everywhere, they work from telephone cards with a face value of $ 2.5 and $ 10. Such cards are sold at post offices, stationery stores and commercial centers. Also, sometimes there are still old machines that run on coins. Some booths are equipped with devices that allow you to use cards to pay for calls. AT&T or BT.

Cellular communication in Singapore is of excellent quality. It is carried out in the standard GSM 900/1800/3G, but serviced by operators MobileOne, Singtel And starthub.

Internet cafes are located on almost every corner. All Internet services are provided by providers Cyberway Pte And Singet. Also in almost all restaurants, shopping malls, clubs, public institutions and libraries in Singapore has free access to the network.

Safety

There are virtually no offenders in Singapore, so the crime rate here is incredibly low. Of course, tourists may encounter cases of petty theft or fraud, but if you follow the general precautions, then no trouble will arise. The reason for such a low level of crime is the very harsh laws of the country, and they also apply to tourists. So, smoking in a public place or garbage thrown past the bin is punishable by a very large fine. Well, for foul language and threats here you can get a fine receipt for $ 2,500. It is noteworthy that chewing gum is prohibited in Singapore, so it will have to be abandoned.

There are no mandatory vaccinations to travel to Singapore, but hepatitis vaccination is recommended.

Business climate

Many respected economists recognize Singapore as one of the the best places for doing business. The fact is that this state has political stability, excellent financial infrastructure and a legal system of international level. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that there are branches of the world's leading companies and representative offices of transnational corporations.

The basis of Singapore's economy is the provision of all kinds of services and entrepreneurial activities. Now the country has a tax regime with a number of incentives that are aimed at attracting any international investment. First of all, this is a duty-free transfer of profits, investment guarantees and exemption from taxes on interest on bank deposits for foreigners temporarily residing here.

Real estate

In Singapore, there are restrictions on the purchase of real estate. So, here it is allowed to freely buy only apartments in high-rise buildings (more than 6 floors). To purchase a villa or house, you will need to obtain permission from the authorities.

If we talk about prices, they are very high. Moreover, there are both expensive and cheap areas, and the difference in real estate prices in them can reach up to 100%. At the same time, in last years in Singapore there is a rapid rise in prices for almost all objects. In general, it is provoked by high demand, including from foreigners.

It is forbidden to import psychotropic drugs and any narcotic drugs, pornographic videos and literature, lighters in the form of weapons, dummies of coins and paper banknotes, firecrackers, chewing gum and meat into Singapore. To take out of the country any explosives, weapons, animals, medicines, jewelry and gems(if their number exceeds personal needs), official permission will be required.

Visa information

Russian citizens need a visa to travel to Singapore. Since 2009, all visa applications and all documents required for this are accepted only in in electronic format. Moreover, you need to apply not to the embassy, ​​but to companies accredited by it (airlines Singapore Airlines, Emirates And Qatar Airways as well as a courier company Pony Express) or Visa Center Asian countries, which is located in Moscow (Pyatnitskaya st., 43). In most cases, tourists are granted a multiple-entry visa (5 weeks). The term of stay in Singapore leaves no more than 35 calendar days, although it usually depends on the terms specified in the invitation or hotel reservation.

So, where is this wonderful country Singapore located on the world map?

Republic Singapore is a city-state of the same name, located on islands in Southeast Asia. If you look at Singapore on a world map, we can conclude that the state borders on the Riau Islands of Indonesia and the Johor Sultanate of Malaysia.

The area of ​​Singapore is approximately 714 square kilometers, although the area of ​​the country has been steadily increasing due to the land reclamation program, which has been in place since the 1960s.

The territory of the state includes the main island of Singapore and another 58 small islands stretching along the coast (Ubin Island, Brani, Semakau, Sentosa, Tekong Besar, Sudong, etc.). Singapore is located 136 kilometers north of the equator. Hill Bukit Timah is the most high point country, its height is 163 meters. With its strategic location at the international crossroads of Asia, Australia and Europe, Singapore is largest center world trade, travel and communications. In addition, Singapore is connected directly to Malaysia by dam bridges, and the islands of the Riau archipelago (Indonesia) can be reached by high-speed ferries. And you can fly to nearby Thailand and the Philippines very quickly.

Singapore Airport is one of the attractions of the island and is considered a great gateway to Southeast Asia. Singapore's location is very convenient for the country's economy. Singapore lies on a large harbor, which is designed to quickly and easily receive numerous ships. And from the land side, the Kalang and Singapore rivers stretch. The city of Singapore itself is not at all large sizes, the island is 42 km long and 23 km wide. With a huge population of the country, such a small island was able to preserve the picturesque McRitchie reservoir in the north of the island, the banks of which are covered with dense forest. Also in Singapore, fortunately, small patches of jungle and mangroves have been preserved. Due to the fact that the Singapore government carefully monitors the nature of the island, there lives big variety species of birds, monkeys, lemurs and other living creatures.

There is one on the world map small country - Singapore, which is not really visible on the map. And the capital of this country is called "Singapore". The country of Singapore is located on 63 islands, or rather, on the main largest island and on 62 small and insignificant islands. The largest island is called...what do you think?...of course, Singapore. And there is another object with the name Singapore - this is a river on the island of Singapore. Here you certainly can’t confuse the name of the country, as the capital, but as the island.

How to find Singapore on the world map

Let's move on to the details. To begin with, I propose to find on the world map where Singapore is located. I have already said that Singapore is a small country. But how much? Singapore is the smallest country in Southeast Asia. Singapore Square 716 km², which is almost three times less than Moscow, 15% less than the area of ​​Kyiv. And we will look for such a crumb on the map.

Singapore is getting bigger every year

From Singapore to the equator is literally within reach - only 137 kilometers. Malaysia is even closer, from which Singapore is separated only by a narrow (only 1-3 km wide) Strait of Johor.

An interesting fact: thanks to the reclamation program, the area of ​​Singapore is systematically increasing. Singapore has grown by 135 km² since 1960 and plans to add another 100 km² by 2030.

Singapore up and down

Singapore Island is only 42 km long and 23 km wide. From the center to any part of the city can be reached by taxi in 30 - 40 minutes.

The best book about Singapore

• - a book written by the creator of Singapore's economic miracle, Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Learn how a poor and tiny country turned into a successful prosperous state.