Cities listed by UNESCO. World heritage of Russia. World Cultural Heritage Sites in Russia: complete list

How and who creates the UNESCO heritage list? Once a year, 192 participating countries apply for a maximum of two national properties that are of historical, natural or cultural value. For a year and a half, UNESCO staff study applications, vote, and make a decision at the final session. The most worthy objects are included in the World Heritage List, but there are those who are left on the so-called waiting list. The Organization will still work with these applicants.

There are 27 UNESCO heritage sites in Russia. In addition to specific locations, UNESCO also supports cultural values ​​- folklore and the way of life of different peoples. For example, now on the waiting list among Russian candidates are the Old Believers of Transbaikalia and the Yakut heroic epic.

Virgin forests of Komi, Komi Republic

This is the first natural site in Russia, which came under the protection of UNESCO. Komi is home to some of the last untouched forests in Europe. They are also called the "treasury of the taiga". Here, time seems to have stopped. Crystal-clear rifts of rivers speak to cedars and firs that reach for quiet clouds. Occasionally, the cries of a golden eagle are heard. The main owners of these places are animals and birds listed in the Red Book - white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon. Yes, the Sapsan train, which runs between Moscow and St. Petersburg, was named after rare bird. It can fly at speeds of over 300 kilometers per hour! Any cheetah will envy here.

Komi protected forests are located on the territory of two reserves: Pechoro-Ilychsky and Yugyd Va. There are different routes: you can raft down the river for a week or follow the hiking trail for three days. Rent a room from the locals or stay at a recreation center. Among the few camps there are those, the road to which is already an adventure. For example, the Ozernaya base, although located in the center of the park, can only be reached by helicopter. In the reserves you will see the first silicon mines, traces of ancient cave lions or mammoths, prayer houses of the Old Believers. The main thing is to warn the administration of the reserves in advance about your trip. They will help with the organization of the hike and the pass. Pour hot tea into a thermos, take notes in a notebook and get ready to meet the spirits of the taiga jungle.

How to get there:

• Pechoro-Ilychinsky Nature Reserve: S7 Airlines flight to Syktyvkar. Then from the Syktyvkar railway station by train to Troitsko-Pechorsk, from there by bus to the village of Yaksha, the villages of Ust-Ilych or Priuralsk. Then the locals will help you get to the reserve - in the summer by boat, in the winter by snowmobile. Even in the administration of the reserve, you can order a transfer from the station in Troitsko-Pechorsk.
• Reserve Yugyd Va: S7 Airlines flight to Syktyvkar. Then from Syktyvkar railway station by train to Pechora. You can get from the city of Pechora to the village of Aranets by bus, and from there to the border national park about 50 km along the hiking trail.

Italy holds the record for the sites protected by UNESCO. If in Russia there are 27 of them, then in Italy - 51. For example, entire cities are on the heritage list - Venice and Verona.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, Solovetsky Islands

To be alone with yourself, without the Internet and plans. Solovki is six large and more than a hundred small islands surrounded by a lead-blue sea. Here you will meet seals and white whales - beluga whales. Only 150 kilometers - and you are beyond the Arctic Circle. Explore the islands - you will find the sites of primitive man and see the Solovetsky Kremlin, surrounded by powerful stone walls with eight towers.

In this place, you do not want to break the silence: just breathe in the brackish sea air and feel the history. Knock on the door to the locals, they are always happy to have guests. They will pour you a compote of wild berries, treat you to a sweet cake and slowly tell you about the monastic life of Solovki. For lunch or dinner, ask to cook White Sea fish - very tasty.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Arkhangelsk, then transfer to the Solovetsky flight, and in 50 minutes you are there.

Architectural and historical complex "Bulgar", Tatarstan

Once it was one of largest cities Golden Horde and a place of pilgrimage for the "small Hajj". It has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. Today it historical complex on the high bank of the Volga. Start the route from the South Gate to the middle of the complex: the minaret and the Cathedral Mosque. It is also called the Tatar Taj Mahal. Slowly walk through the snow-white expanses and feel like a real khan. Then - to the Black Chamber, mysterious building settlements. Historians and archaeologists still cannot figure out why it was built.

According to legend, during the invasion of Tamerlane, the Khan's family hid in the Black Chamber. The building was set on fire, and when the fire died down, a white figure of the Khan's daughter appeared above the chamber. Tamerlane was so delighted that he offered marriage in exchange for the lives of her brothers. By sacrificing herself, the girl saved her family, and the building remained black from the fire. The complex stretched along the entire coast of the Volga. If you get cold, come and warm yourself in the Bread House. Here they will feed you and tell you how to bake fragrant bread.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Kazan, then by meteor with river port"Kazan", or take.

Natural complex of the reserve Wrangel Island, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Wrangel Island is divided by 180 meridians - in one trip you will visit two hemispheres at once. This is the northernmost protected object in Russia - 500 kilometers beyond the Arctic Circle. Chilling wind, mountains give way to swampy plains, fork-tailed gulls circle the coast. Harsh climate and all shades of the Nordic palette. Here are the noisiest bird markets, where kittiwakes, thick-billed guillemots and guillemots live. And on the island there is the largest "maternity hospital" of polar bears.

Choose one of nine excursion routes and sign up in advance to see everything with your own eyes. You can move around the island on foot, on an all-terrain vehicle or quad bike. You can get there by cruise ship from Anadyr. In a few days you will see the northernmost wonders of Russia - Cape Dezhnev, the alley of whales and the villages of the Eskimos. All routes are built so that the land remains untouched in its northern, unique beauty.

Lucia Bereziuk

Deputy Director for Ecological Education of the Wrangel Island Nature Reserve

Tourists came to us from Japan, New Zealand, England, USA, Australia. This year there were only six cruises, each of which was accompanied by inspectors and employees of the reserve. One of the most interesting objects of the island is the Paleo-Eskimo camp in the Devil's Gully. This is the excavation site of a seasonal camp of ancient hunters with a history of 3200 years. At the beginning of summer, walruses, seals and polar bears rest here on the ice floes. On calm days, fountains of gray whales appear in the bay - sometimes up to eight at a time!

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Magadan, then transfer to a flight to Anadyr, then by ship to Wrangel Island.

Old town of Derbent, Dagestan

Derbent is an ancient Persian city on the Silk Road. These are not just colorful labyrinths of streets, where silk carpets and outlandish fruits were once traded. This is a "checkpoint" between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Giant walls of the Naryn-Kala Citadel rise in front of you, which give Derbent a severe and majestic look.

Climb up and walk around the perimeter - you'll see beautiful panorama old city. Inside, look at the ruins of eastern palaces and medieval baths, fountains and mosques. Enter through the East Gate, you will be surrounded by lancet arches, carved pillars and round towers. Dip in oriental tale among the green mountains.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Makhachkala, then from the Southern Bus Station by fixed-route taxi.

UNESCO evaluates sites according to ten criteria. The first is a masterpiece of human creative genius. There are 17 such masterpieces in China. Among them is the Great Wall of China.

Ancient city in Chersonese, Sevastopol, Crimea

The only ancient city in the Northern Black Sea region, where streets, housing and cultural buildings have been preserved. Go there in the morning, when the rays of the sun are just beginning to wake up the ancient columns and walls of the fortress. Sit on the steps of the ancient Greek theater and imagine how Homer's tragedies were watched here two millennia ago. Today people come here for modern performances.

Streets ancient city- a real museum open sky. If you're lucky, you'll find real excavations. Among ancient ruins rises Vladimir Cathedral, the symbol of all the sailors of Sevastopol. And nearby stands a foggy bell cast from captured Turkish cannons. After walking around the ancient city, go down to pebble beach. Have a picnic on the beach to the sound of the surf.

How to get there: S7 Airlines flight to Simferopol. Buses to Sevastopol run directly from the airport. In Sevastopol, from the city center, by bus number 22. Address: st. ancient, 1.

Northern islands and monasteries. Ancient palaces and cities. All this is not just numbers in the UNESCO heritage list. These are real places of power where you want to feel every moment. And let officially there are 27 of these routes in our country. But you know what actually unique places there are many more worth seeing.

Share routes and inspiration. Tell your friends about the S7 Airlines Blog.

Planet Earth is a bottomless treasury that endowed a person with untold riches and made it possible to use its benefits to create comfortable living conditions. Therefore, the formation of society and its evolution has always occurred in interaction with nature. A clear confirmation of this is the cultural, historical and natural monuments included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Madain Salih Complex, Saudi Arabia

In the northern part Saudi Arabia located unique complex Madain Salih. It includes more than 100 graves dating back to the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, amazing hydraulic structures that previously served the inhabitants of Hegr, an ancient city that became the center of caravan trade.

More than 50 inscriptions were found on the rocks of the complex, the appearance of which dates back to the Donabatean period. In 2008, the amazing Madain Salih complex was added to the UNESCO treasury.

Longmen Grottoes, China

"Dragon Gate" or Longmen Grottoes are located in one of the picturesque Chinese provinces, near the city of Luoyang. The amazing ensemble, consisting of beautiful temples and ancient caves, until 494 was the residence of the rulers of China, representing the Wei dynasty.

After moving the residence to the new city, Buddhist monks settled among the caves and temples. Relief drawings and all kinds of sculptures decorating the stone ensemble are the work of artisans who lived in the vicinity of the grotto.

2,300 amazing caves, about 80 mausoleums, more than 100,000 Buddhist paintings, a huge statue of the majestic Buddha guarding the entrance to the Fengxianse cave, more than 2,500 inscriptions decorating the rocks along the full-flowing Yishui River - these precious monuments of ancient Chinese culture, which make up a single complex, were made to the UNESCO heritage list.

Bayon Temple, Cambodia

Among the picturesque nature of Angor Toma, an amazing temple complex Bayon, built in the 7th century AD in honor of Jayavarman. The ancient architectural structure includes three levels stone buildings surrounded by three monumental walls.
The temple complex is decorated with huge stone faces and drawings depicting the life and way of life of the Khmers.

In addition to the Bayon temple, over a thousand more unique temples are located in the Angkor region, representing different eras and levels of civilization development. Every year, millions of inquisitive tourists come here to see with their own eyes the unique monuments of ancient religious architecture.

Many of them have survived to this day in a dilapidated state, some have been restored, and some have remained a pile of stones, silently resting among the endless fields sown with rice.

Stonehend, UK

The overall stone structure - Stonehend is located among the luxurious nature of the Salisbury Plain, in the county of Wilshere in the UK. 150 stones, placed in a certain sequence, are of great interest to scientists and ordinary tourists who come here to look at the amazing creation of man, created in 3000 BC.

Influenced by time and natural phenomena unique monument antiquity began to collapse, so now it is guarded with special care. If half a century ago tourists could even climb huge structures, then since 1977 they can only be looked at. To touch the stones, a special permit is required, which is issued within a year on the basis of a personal request.

Stonehand was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986.

Lonely George, Ecuador

The only giant tortoise representing this species mammals, lives on the territory of the National Park, located in Ecuador. The unique animal was found in 1927 on the island of Pinta, located in the northern part of the archipelago, and named after the famous actor George Gobel.

The most famous bachelor in the world is in the prime of his life, according to scientists, he is now about 90 years old. It's time to breed. George has already found a female who has a genetic resemblance to the progenitors of the "groom", so there is every reason to believe that the genus of giant tortoises will continue.

Summer Palace, China

Among the fabulously beautiful landscapes of the imperial garden in Beijing in 1750, a magnificent summer palace, which to this day keeps the memory of the royal people who lived within its walls.

In 1860 a unique architectural masterpiece was destroyed, and after more than 20 years - restored.

In 1998, the Summer Palace was added to the list of the UNESCO World Treasury.

Statue of Liberty, America

The symbol of the United States of America, the Statue of Liberty, is located in one of the largest metropolitan areas of the country and the world - New York. This is a symbolic gift given by the French in honor of the centenary of the American Revolution.

"Lady Liberty" personifies the triumph of democracy, freedom of spirit and is a kind of reminder of the difficult period of the struggle of Americans for their rights.

In 1984, "Lady Liberty" added to the list of UNESCO heritage.

Iguazu National Park, Argentina

On the territory of the picturesque province of Misiones, there is a majestic monument of Argentine nature - Iguazu National Park, which in 1984 was recognized as a unique heritage by UNESCO.

In addition to the species diversity of birds and the luxury of beautiful exotic vegetation, the park is notable for an incredible number of waterfalls concentrated near the Iguazu River. The number of falling streams (from 150 to 250 waterfalls) depends on the water level in the river from which they originate.

The territory of the park is an oasis in the center of civilization, which has preserved a huge number of endangered representatives of flora and fauna. A paradise corner of the earth, filled with outlandish aromas of flowers, the crystal sound of water and the cheerful singing of colorful birds, annually attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world, eager to see the riches of the Argentinean region with their own eyes.

Kinderdijk, The Netherlands

On the picturesque banks of the canals located near Rotterdam, rows of huge windmills built several decades ago.

More than a thousand historical structures, named in Kinderdijk after the village in which they are located, have added to the bottomless treasury of UNESCO.

Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina

The decoration of the relief landscapes of the Los Glaciares National Park, located in the picturesque province of Santa Cruz, is a huge glacier with the amiable name of Perito Moreno. In size, it is second only to the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland.

An amazing masterpiece created by nature has become not only an ornament Argentine Patagonia, he replenished the world treasury of UNESCO. The talented creator gave the glacier an amazing architectural form, parts of which are modified under the influence of water flows.

The fact is that from time to time the glacier reaches Lake Argentino and spreads to the opposite shore, thereby forming a massive dam and dividing the water surface into two parts. This leads to a significant rise in the water level in the southern part of the lake.

Cubic meters of icy liquid put pressure on the walls of the glacier, breaking the shackling barrier. Such an action is a bewitching spectacle and takes place sometimes once a year, and sometimes once every ten years.

Bahai Terraced Gardens, Israel

Located in the north of Israel picturesque city ok Haifa, whose territory is surrounded by unique terraced gardens, created many years ago.

In the luxury of amazing vegetation, the beautiful Tomb of Bob, the founder of the Baha'i religious trend that is popular today, is buried.

The majestic symbol of the interaction between nature and man in 2008 was included in the list unique legacies UNESCO.

Vatican

The Vatican, a tiny state located on the territory of Rome, is the world center of Christianity. Here is the papal throne and many unique architectural monuments, the main of which is the majestic St. Peter's Square, built in 1667 by architect Bernini.

Two monumental symmetrical hemispheres join near St. Peter's Basilica, forming a large-scale square where the faithful gather to hear and see the pontiff.

The inhabitants of a small state carefully preserve the historical and cultural heritage of previous generations, part of which is the unique architecture of the country, and valuable works of art that are preserved behind the walls of the sacred basilica.

In 1984, the Vatican was included in the UNESCO lists.

Petra, Israel

The ancient city of Petra is located in the Siq canyon leading to the Arava valley. Hollowed out in the sandstones, residential quarters rise at an altitude of about 900 meters above sea level and represent small caves connected by narrow paths.

Here, on the territory of modern Jordan, where Petra is located, ancient crypts, amazing temples, built many centuries ago, have been preserved.

The amazing city of Petra is rightfully included in the UNESCO heritage list, in addition, since 2007 it has been called another "wonder of the world."

Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Australia

Great Barrier Reef - unique system, consisting of 3,000 isolated coral reefs and over 900 scenic islands. It lies in the waters of the Coral Sea and attracts millions of divers every year, eager to see the amazing masterpiece created by tiny microorganisms.

With over 2,500 kilometers of fabulous flora and amazing underwater fauna, this is the largest coral reef on the planet, which can be seen even from space.

In 1981, the Great Barrier Reef was added to the treasury of UNESCO, and earlier it was given the status of "wonder of the world."

Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus

Belovezhskaya Pushcha is one of the most famous reserves Europe and the largest national park in Belarus. In 1993 he received the status biosphere reserve, and a year earlier entered the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The picturesque nature protection object is located on the territory of the Brest and Grodno regions, the Polish-Belarusian border passes through it.
On the picturesque landscapes of the amazing area, excellent conditions have been created for the habitat of many species of animals, among which are those listed in the "Red Book" of Belarus.

In the dense thickets of relic forests that once covered the entire territory of Europe, you can meet their powerful owner - bison, which tourists from different parts of the globe come to see.

Rock paintings in Alta, Norway

Another cultural and historical heritage of UNESCO - cave drawings found in the north of Norway, in the city of Alta. Thanks to this find, it became known about the settlements of ancient people who hunted here during the Iron and Stone Ages. Rock art reflects the way of life of the people living in coastal areas and on the mainland, their beliefs, traditions and rituals.

More than 5,000 unique images date back to 4200 - 500 BC and prove that the northern parts of the Earth were previously inhabited.

For the first time, they started talking about amazing drawings in 1960, it was then that the first petroglyphs were found. In the course of further excavations, one of the largest archaeological sites Jemmelüft was discovered, on the territory of which the Alta Museum, open to tourists, was established.

Urnes Stave Church, Norway

Among the majesty of the silent mountains, on the picturesque Sognefjord, the outlines of wooden church Urnes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. An amazing masterpiece of wooden architecture was built three times in the same place. A church built in 1150 for one of the revered and very influential families has survived to this day.

The masters who worked on the construction of the temple were able to convey the splendor of the architecture of that time and restore the decorative details present on the previously destroyed church.

Durable wood, harvested for the construction of the temple in 1130, was able to withstand the influence of time and the elements. Therefore, the unique Urnes Church still delights everyone who has been fortunate enough to visit the royal Sognefjord at least once.

Arc Struve

A unique geodetic structure called the Struve Arc is a network with reference points marked on the ground by means of stone cubes, iron crosses, and depressions made in the rocks.

The Struve Arc has been used to determine the size of the Earth and determine its shape. Over the 40 years of its existence, the amazing geodetic structure has undergone changes, and today it passes through the territory of Belarus, Norway, Lithuania, Moldova, Latvia, Ukraine, Finland, Russia, Sweden. The total length of the network, on which the triangulation points are located, is 2820 kilometers.

34 strongholds of the Duga, named after one of its founders, Vasily Yakovlevich Struve, are now included in the UNESCO World Treasury.

Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Ukraine

Kiev-Pechersk Lavra is a great Christian shrine located on the right bank of the mighty Dnieper. Founded in the 9th century, the monastery has undergone many changes throughout its existence. Today, a unique monument of ancient architecture reverently delights both true believers and ordinary tourists who come from all over the world to admire the golden-domed temple.

The Caves Lavra got its name due to the caves located on its territory, in which the first hermit monks lived.

From the day of its foundation, the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra has become a spiritual and cultural stronghold Kievan Rus, and the fame of her thundered far beyond the borders of the state.

Basilica of the Nativity and Pilgrims' Trails, Palestine

A few kilometers from Jerusalem is the Church of the Nativity, built in 339 AD. The place for the foundation of the basilica was not chosen by chance, it is believed that it was here that Jesus Christ was born.

In the 6th century AD, the Church survived a fire, after which it was restored. Only mosaic floors remain from the original building.

In 2012, the Basilica of the Nativity, along with pilgrimage trails, bell towers, magnificent terraced gardens, was included in the list of UNESCO heritage sites.

Kakadu National Park, Australia

Kakadu National Park is a unique combination of luxurious plains and picturesque plateaus, swampy terrain covered with emerald thickets of exotic plants, and rivers that cut through the open spaces of the park filled with life.

On the territory of the park you can see hundreds of rare species of plants and animals that are on the verge of extinction. An amazing natural complex is located in the north of Australia, where the tribes of ancient settlers lived 40 thousand years ago. This is evidenced by the fact found during archaeological excavations. rock painting. The drawings depict the way of life of a prehistoric society, whose members hunted and gathered.

Today, Kakadu Park is an archaeological and natural reserve, in 1981 listed as a UNESCO site.

Rainforests of the east coast of Australia

In the eastern part of Australia, along the dizzying cliffs of the Great Dividing Range, there are mysterious rainforests, which in 1994 became one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

This unique area, which includes several luxurious parks and amazing reserves, is of great importance for modern science. Indeed, on its territory there are geologically important objects, such as, for example, craters of extinct volcanoes, and dense thickets of rainforests have become home to endemic species representing the local fauna.

Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia

450 kilometers wet rainforest run along the northeast coast of Australia. Dense, often impenetrable, thickets have become a habitat for funny marsupials, exotic songbirds and the rarest representatives of the richest Australian flora and no less diverse fauna.

In 1988, tropical rainforests added to the treasury of the world organization UNESCO.

Fraser Island

At over 120 kilometers long, Fraser Island is the largest sand island on the planet. Its relief surface is covered with moist tall forests, and the golden bends of the dunes are cut by blue-eyed "hanging" lakes filled with fresh water.

In 1992, this amazing natural complex was included in the UNESCO Treasury.

Shark Bay, Western Australia

Shark Bay and the islands adjacent to it are a fabulously beautiful place, known for the phenomenal gifts presented by nature itself. Firstly, over 10,000 dugong individuals (the largest population of these animals in the world) live in the waters washing the coast.

Secondly, in the coastal waters you can see the huge plantations of algae, covering more than 480 thousand kilometers of the seabed.

Thirdly, the surroundings of the bay are decorated with rounded calcareous formations - stromatolites. They owe their appearance to algae colonies that are active underwater.

Fourthly, several species of rare mammals live in the bay. Together, all factors stopped the bay into the natural treasure, in 1991, which added to the lists of UNESCO.

Macquarie Island

In the boundless subantarctic waters, between the two continents of Antarctica and Australia, lost tiny island Macquarie. A picturesque piece of land with a length of only 34 kilometers appeared after the collision of the Pacific lithospheric plate with the Indo-Australian.

As a result of a strong collision, unique basalt rocks, stored at a depth of more than 6 kilometers in the Earth's mantle, fell on the relief surface. In 1997, Macquarie Island was added to the richest treasury of UNESCO.

Sydney Opera House, Australia

Above azure waters A snow-white structure towers over the Sydney Bay, resembling a sailboat filled with winds, ready to set sail - this is the Sydney Opera theatre. In the "shells" located on a solid foundation, a magnificently decorated hall and a fine restaurant were located.

Erected in 1973, the building took its place among the UNESCO sites (in 2007) and became the most grandiose architectural structure modernity.

The talented architect Jorn Utson worked on the implementation of an amazing project. Having changed the traditions of urban planning developed over the years, he created a unique sculptural masterpiece that harmoniously complements the picturesque landscapes of the Pacific coast.

Convict settlements, Australia

Of the thousands of camps set up british empire on the territory of Austria (18-19 century), eleven, located on the island of Norfolk, Tasmania, around Sydney, were listed as UNESCO sites in 2010.

The prisons were designed to hold hundreds of thousands of those convicted by British justice. They were men, women, and even children.
Each penitentiary had its own specifics of work and methods of re-education of criminals.

This unique object is valuable as a reminder of the largest expansion of European states, implemented through the deportation and placement of convicted criminals in the colonies.

Leon Cathedral, Nicaragua

The Lena Cathedral, erected at the beginning of the 19th century, personifies the transitional period in architecture, when the baroque traditions were replaced by more progressive neoclassical trends at that time. The design of the exterior and interior clearly shows the features of eclecticism, with a refined luxury characteristic of the style and an abundance of decorative details, harmoniously combined into a single ensemble.

Magnificent stained-glass windows, rich ornaments, the use of works of art (paintings by Antonio Sarria, which depict the difficult path to Golgotha) - all this gives the cathedral a special flavor that conveys the atmosphere of a difficult era.

The monumental construction of the temple was created according to a project developed by the Guatemalan architect Diego José de Porres Esquivel.

Since 2011, Leon Cathedral has been part of the UNESCO Treasury.

Island City Mozambique

The colorful town of Mozambique, founded in the 16th century, is located on the territory of the island of the same name, which once played an important role in the development of trade relations between Portugal and India.

A tiny town surrounded by an endless expanse of emerald water, framed by the edge of a magnificent sandy shore, is immersed in the luxury of exotic plants, many of which are of particular value to science.

But not only the picturesque landscapes of the island are noteworthy; local architecture is of particular interest to tourists and researchers. Built in the same style, the buildings were built of makuchi stone and decorated in accordance with the building traditions laid down in the 16th century.
In 1991, the amazing city-island of Mazambique was added to the list of UNESCO sites.

Prehispanic city of Teotihuacan

Teotiukan - holy city(previously considered the birthplace of the gods), was founded in the 1st century AD, and completed only by the end of the 7th century. Location (50 kilometers from Mexico City) and a high level of cultural development have made it one of the most influential cities in Central America.

The notable architecture of Teotiucan, especially large-scale monuments, temples and unique pyramids Moon and Sun, designed according to the principles of geometry.

Since 1987, the pre-Spanish city of Teotiucan has graced the UNESCO Treasury.

Sian Kaan Biosphere Reserve

The eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula is adorned with a picturesque biosphere reserve with the symbolic name of Sian Kaan. This is an amazing natural complex created from tropical forests, mangroves, impenetrable swamps and coral reefs that have become home to the inhabitants of the nearby water area.

The local flora is amazing and diverse, and the fauna of the reserve is no less rich. More than 300 species of strange birds enliven the dense thickets of forests with their singing, and hydrogeological conditions favor the predominance of terrestrial vertebrates typical of this region.

The picturesque biosphere reserve Sian Kaan in 1987 replenished the treasury of UNESCO.

Historic city of Meknes, Morocco

Founded in the 9th century AD, the military settlement flourished over time and turned into the picturesque city of Maknes. Under the rule of Sultan Moulay Ismail, Maknes became the capital of the Moroccan state, and the architecture of the city acquired a pronounced Spanish-Moorish flavor.

Majestic towers, powerful walls, huge gates have survived to this day, carefully preserving the memory of the past centuries of prosperity of Meknes.
Since 1996, the historic city has been included in the list of UNESCO monuments.

Bikini Atoll

Until 1946, Bikini Atoll could safely be called heaven on earth. Beautiful nature, good-natured people, crystal clear clear waters Pacific Ocean. But the beginning cold war"put an end to the happy existence of local residents. In 1946, they were relocated from their native island, and the picturesque landscapes and water area became a test site for American nuclear weapons.

Over 60 thunderstorms have thundered on the atoll in 12 years nuclear explosions, the first hydrogen bomb was tested here, thereby causing irreparable damage to the geology and nature of the island. The level of radiation in this place is such that nothing living can withstand such exposure.

Silent witnesses of the unfortunate events were the ships that sank during the ongoing tests, as well as the huge crater left after the explosion of a nuclear bomb.

Bikini Atoll, as a terrifying symbol of the nuclear age, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.

Lake Malawi National Park

South side picturesque lake Malawi has turned into a unique national park, in the waters of which many interesting representatives of the underwater fauna live.

The deep-water lake with the purest water has sheltered dozens of species of endemic fish, and its ichthyofauna is of great interest to scientists studying evolutionary processes on Earth.

The unique lake in 1984 replenished the treasury of UNESCO.

Old quarters and fortifications of the city of Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a fortified city, which at different times was part of the Roman Empire, Prussia, Spain, and France. Passing into possession from one state to another, the city became more and more fortified, eventually turning into the most protected fortress in Europe.

So it was until 1867, after the fortification was destroyed. Today, the dilapidated remains of the fortress and stone buildings remind of the former power of the architecture of the military era.

The ancient city with its quarters and fortifications was included in the lists of UNESCO sites in 1994.

curonian spit

curonian spit is a sandy peninsula with a length of 98 kilometers. The width of the unique strip in different sections ranges from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

The picturesque landscapes of the peninsula have been actively developed by man since ancient times. Today there is a struggle to preserve a unique natural masterpiece, exposed to the winds and the sea. To negate the negative impact of natural factors, work is underway to strengthen the forest plantation and sand dunes.

In 2000, the Curonian Spit was added to the UNESCO heritage list.

Los Catios National Park, Colombia

On 72,000 hectares of picturesque Colombian land, the Los Catios National Park is spread, which in 1994 replenished the UNESCO treasury.

The relief landscapes of the colorful land are covered with dense forests, wet plains, from time to time turning into low hills.
The territory of the park has become home to a huge number of amazing animals, including rare representatives of the local fauna.

Lake system in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya

The shallow lakes of the Great Rift Valley (Nakuru, Elementaita and Bogoria) are a unique natural reserve, which is home to an incredible variety of birds, including over 12 endangered species. Birds can only survive if they are within the Great Rift Valley, which is safe for them.

The emerald expanse of lakes is surrounded by luxurious landscapes covered with emerald thickets of forests that have become home to a huge number of animals (black rhinoceros, funny Rothschild giraffe, powerful lion, population of wild dogs and leopards).

The Rift Valley is a place where pelican chicks are born and colorful flocks of beautiful flamingos walk in shallow water. This mesmerizing spectacle annually attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists, eager to see with their own eyes the amazing beauty of the Great Rift Valley and the lake system, in 2011, listed as a UNESCO site.

During the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee, which is taking place these days in Cambodia, the UNESCO World Heritage List was replenished with 19 new items - these are 14 cultural and 5 natural sites. In addition, the boundaries of three objects were expanded.

To date, the World Heritage List has 981 sites in 160 member countries of the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage - 759 cultural, 193 natural and 29 mixed sites. During the 37th session, which will last until June 27, 5 natural objects of Europe, Asia, South America and Africa.

Natural objects:

Tajik National Park "Pamir Mountains" (Tajikistan)

"Pamir Mountains" is the first natural site of Tajikistan in the World Heritage List. The total area of ​​the park is over 2.5 million hectares. It is located in the east of Tajikistan, in the center of the so-called Pamir mountain junction, from which the highest mountain ranges of Eurasia diverge. Alpine plateaus are located in the eastern part of the object, and pointed peaks are located in the western part, the height of some of them exceeds 7 thousand meters. There are 170 rivers, over 400 lakes and at least 1,085 glaciers, including the longest mountain valley glacier outside the polar regions. The park also serves as a habitat for rare and endangered species of birds and mammals in Tajikistan.

For example, the Marco Polo mountain sheep (Ovis ammon polii), the snow leopard irbis and the Siberian mountain goat live here. Since strong earthquakes are not uncommon in this area, the territory of the park is sparsely populated and practically does not experience the influence of agriculture and permanent settlements. The park provides unique opportunities for studying the overlay and plate tectonics of the earth's crust.

El Pinacate Biosphere Reserve and Gran Desierto de Altar (Mexico)

The object with a total area of ​​714,566 hectares consists of two separate parts. To the east is a rocky desert and a hardened volcanic plateau formed by black and red lava flows, to the west is the Gran Desierto de Altar desert with a variety of dunes constantly changing shape, some of which reach 200 m in height. Dunes of various shapes wandering here - linear, star-shaped and domed - are adjacent to dry granite massifs up to 650 m high, which, like islands, rise against the backdrop of the sandy sea, reinforcing amazing contrasts this area. The massifs contain astonishingly diverse communities of plants and animals, including some endemic species, such as the pronghorn Antilocapra americana sonoriensis, which lives only in the north of the Sonoran Desert and in the southwest of Arizona, USA.

Another distinctive feature of the object, emphasizing its exceptional beauty, are 10 huge deep craters, almost perfectly round, formed, presumably, as a result of eruptions and collapses. The unique combination of the characteristics of the object determines not only its beauty, but is also of great scientific interest.

Mount Etna (Italy)

The 19,237 hectare property includes an uninhabited area located at the highest point of Mount Etna on east coast Sicily. Etna is the highest island mountain in the Mediterranean and the most active stratovolcano in the world. It has been established that the history of the eruptions of this volcano is 500 thousand years old, and there is documentary evidence of the volcanic activity of Etna for at least the last 2700 years. The almost continuous volcanic activity of Etna continues to influence the development of volcanology, geophysics and other earth sciences. The volcano determines the basis for the existence of important terrestrial ecosystems and some endemic plant and animal species.

Etna's activity has turned it into a natural laboratory for the study of ecological and biological processes. With a range of diverse and observable volcanic features, such as summit craters, ash cones, a lava sheet, and a caldera known as the Valley of the Buffaloes (Valle de Bove), the site has become an important site for research and educational activities.

Namib Desert (Namibia)

The site, which is the only coastal desert in the world, includes an area of ​​more than 3 million hectares and a buffer zone of 899,500 hectares. There are extensive dune fields formed under the influence of fogs, and two dune systems stand out: on top of the old, semi-fixed sands, there are younger mobile dunes. The peculiarity of the object is that its dunes are formed by sand brought by rivers, ocean currents and wind from areas located thousands of kilometers away from the coast.

The property also contains coastal lowlands and pebbly fields, rocky hills rising above the sands, coastal lagoons, dry rivers and other landscapes that combine to create an exceptionally beautiful spectacle. The main source of water in Namib desert is a fog, thanks to which a completely unique environment has been formed here, in which endemic species of invertebrates, reptiles and mammals live, able to adapt to constant changes in the microclimate and ecological niches.

Xinjiang - Tien Shan (China)

The object with a total area of ​​606,833 hectares includes several parts: Tomur Peak (Pobeda Peak), Kalajun Steppe, Syuelin Ridge, Bayanbruk Nature Reserve and Bogdo-Ula. They are part of the world's largest mountain system, the Tien Shan, located in Central Asia. Xinjiang - Tien Shan has unique physical and geographical characteristics and is distinguished by picturesque landscapes, including amazing mountain peaks crowned with snow and ice, forests and meadows that have not been touched by a human hand, transparent rivers and lakes, red rock canyons. Next to them are vast desert areas, which creates a vivid visual contrast between the zones of heat and cold, dry and humid climate, desert and abundance of life.

The relief and ecosystems of the object have come down to us since the Pliocene epoch and represent a unique monument of continuous biological and ecological evolutionary processes. The site also includes part of one of the largest highland deserts in the world, Takla Makan, known for its giant dunes and violent sandstorms. In addition, Xinjiang - Tien Shan serves as an important habitat for endemic and relic plant species, some of which are rare and endangered.

Ten natural objects of the Russian Federation are on the UNESCO World Heritage List (4 of them are recognized as natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance), and this is not counting another 15 objects that are cultural objects of protection. This is not at all surprising, because Russia is a truly vast country, with a huge territory, with incredibly beautiful and diverse nature, with a rich cultural heritage.

If you want to see the virgin nature of Russia in its original form, then the Russians (and foreign tourists too) it will not be difficult to go to one of the nature reserves or national parks countries in whose territory these ten objects are located, in need of constant protection at the international level ...

1. Forests of the Komi Republic

The area of ​​these forests is more than 3 million hectares, on which there is a national park and a state biosphere reserve. This facility opened a new page for Russia in environmental protection at the global level.

The virgin forests of Komi are known as the largest untouched forests growing in Europe. They cover an area of ​​32,600 square kilometers in the north Ural mountains, within the Pechero-Ilychsky Reserve and the Yugyd Va National Park. According to their composition, the Komi forests belong to the taiga ecosystem. They are dominated by coniferous trees. The western part of the forests falls on the foothills, the eastern - on the mountains themselves. The forest area of ​​Komi is distinguished by the diversity of not only flora, but also fauna. More than two hundred species of birds live here, 40 species of rare mammals, and 16 species of fish that are considered valuable for fishing, preserved since the Ice Age, live in the reservoirs. For example, Siberian grayling and palia char belong to such fish species. Many inhabitants of the virgin forests of Komi are listed in the Red Book of the planet. This natural object of the Russian Federation was included in the UNESCO list in 1995 - the very first in the list.

2. Lake Baikal

For the whole world, Baikal is a lake, for the people of Russia who are in love with a unique natural object, Baikal is a sea! Located in Eastern Siberia, it is the most deep lake planet and, at the same time, the largest natural storage of fresh water. The shape of Baikal has the shape of a crescent. The maximum depth of the lake is 1642 meters with an average depth of 744. Baikal contains 19 percent of all fresh water on the planet. The lake is fed by more than three hundred rivers and streams. Baikal water is distinguished by a high content of oxygen. Its temperature rarely exceeds plus 8-9 degrees Celsius even in summer near the surface. The water of the lake is so clean and transparent that it allows you to see in depth at a distance of up to forty meters.

The oldest and deepest (approximately 1700 meters) on Earth, Lake Baikal covers an area of ​​over three million hectares. The reservoir that appeared about 25 million years ago was in almost complete isolation, due to which an amazing ecosystem was formed in its fresh waters, the study of which allows obtaining information about the evolutionary processes taking place on the planet.

Unique even on a global scale, the lake is about 20% of all the reserves of such necessary fresh water on Earth, as well as a delightful sight that inspires beauty and enchants with the luxury of amazing landscapes.

Lake Baikal was named a beautiful pearl by UNESCO in 1996 and included in the list of priceless heritage of the planet.

3. Kamchatka volcanoes .

This site was also included in the World Heritage List in 1996. Five years later (in 2001), the territory of the object subject to international protection expanded due to the movement of lithospheric plates of the Pacific volcanic ring. Today, the territory of the state biosphere reserve is about 4 million hectares. This area is called natural museum volcanology". Both long-extinct and active volcanoes of the Kamchatka Peninsula can serve as exhibits. Moreover, each of the "exhibits" is an individual object, for the study of which life is not enough.

In total, there are currently about 300 extinct volcanoes and 30 active volcanoes on the territory of this object, but the number of the latter changes every year. The most interesting tourist attraction of this region is the Valley of Geysers in the Konotsky Biosphere Reserve. The mountain rivers of Kamchatka abound with huge numbers of salmon fish, and coastal waters are home to many species of whales and dolphins.

4. Altai Mountains

These mountains are called "Golden", as each species of animals, birds and fish is unique here. Altai cedar forests and mammals with the most valuable commercial fur, which can be equated in value with gold, have been preserved here. The object covers an area of ​​more than 1.5 million hectares, was included in the UNESCO list in 1998. Located "golden" Altai mountains at the intersection of the mountain system of Siberia and Central Asia.

The vegetation of this region is unique, there is an abundance of alpine meadows, there are steppes, semi-deserts and tundra. Absolutely everything is unique here, from snow leopards to mountainous landforms. The pearl of the Altai Territory is Lake Teletskoye, which is also called "Small Baikal".

5. Natural Park"Lena Pillars"

The fabulously beautiful landscapes of the park are formed by hundred-meter rock formations that pacify the waters of the beautiful Lena River. The Lena Pillars are located in the very heart of Sakha (Republic of Yakutia).

Such an amazing natural phenomenon owes its appearance to the continental climate, within which temperature fluctuations reach about one hundred degrees (+40 degrees in summer and -60 degrees in winter). The pillars are separated by deep ravines with steep slopes. Their formation took place under the influence of water, which contributes to the freezing of the soil and its weathering. Similar processes led to the fact that the ravines deepened and expanded. Water in this case plays the role of a destroyer, representing a danger to the pillars.

Introduced in 2012 into the list of heritage of the planet, the Lena Pillars are of interest not only from the point of view of an aesthetic spectacle, it is also a unique archaeological zone, on the territory of which the remains of ancient animals of the Cambrian period were found.

This natural site has an area of ​​1.27 million hectares. If we take into account the geological structure of the soil in the park, then this land can “tell” a lot about the history of the planet, about living organisms and vegetation.

Many remains of mammoths, bison, woolly rhinos, Lena horses, reindeer and other remains of ancient mammals have been found in the Lena Pillars. Today, 12 representatives of animals and birds listed in the Red Book of the planet live on the territory of the complex. It is believed that the Lena Pillars have a huge "aesthetic influence" on a person due to their unique beauty of landscapes, the quirkiness of the relief with huge caves, fabulous stone statues, rocky spiers, niches and "towers".

6. Sikhote-Alin Reserve

This territory, included in the UNESCO list in 2001, covers an area of ​​about 0.4 million hectares. The object is valuable because unique broad-leaved forests and ancient coniferous forests have been preserved on its territory. There is also an incredible mix different types flora and fauna, including many rare species.

A large biosphere reserve in Primorsky Krai was originally created to preserve the sable population. At present, it is the most convenient place for observing the life of the Amur tiger. A huge number of plants grow on the territory of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve. More than a thousand higher species, more than a hundred - mosses, about four hundred - lichens, more than six hundred species of algae and more than five hundred - fungi.

The local fauna is represented by a large number of birds, marine invertebrates and insects. Many plants, birds, animals and insects are among the protected objects. lemongrass chinese,ginseng,Fori rhododendron and Palibina edelweiss, spotted deer and Himalayan bear, black crane and stork, Japanese starling, Sakhalin sturgeon, fish owl and Swallowtail butterfly - all of them found shelter in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve.

7. natural complex Reserve Wrangel Island

The protected area, which in 2004 added to the list of UNESCO treasures, is located beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the relief landscapes of Wrangel Island, whose area is over 7 thousand square meters. kilometers, and Herald Island, whose area is 11 thousand square meters. kilometers, as well as coastal waters East Siberian Sea and the waters of the Chukchi Sea.

This region managed to avoid glaciation, thanks to which the area is distinguished by amazing biological diversity. The harsh climate of the protected area appealed to the walruses, who have formed here the largest rookery in the Arctic. The picturesque land was also chosen by polar bears, the density of their ancestral dens in this region is considered the highest on the planet.

More than fifty species of birds nest here, including both endemics and endangered ones. Gray whales rush here, choosing this place for feeding. Surprisingly, over four hundred species of vascular plants are found on the island, among which there are also endemics.

Here tourists can see the largest "bird colonies" in the Eastern Arctic. Pleistocene relics predominate among plant forms. The landscape of the island is unusual, as well as its water area. Many travelers dream of visiting here.

8. Ubsunur hollow

The area of ​​this unique biosphere reserve is 0.8 million hectares. The object was included in the UNESCO list in 2003. A salt lake with a large area is located on the border of Mongolia and the Russian Republic of Tyva. By the way, only seven sections of the intermountain basin with a shallow lake (up to 15 meters) are located on the territory of Russia, the remaining five parts of the Transboundary Facility are located in Mongolia. Each of the seven sections of the basin on our territory is individual in its own way. appearance and the plants that grow there depending on the landscapes.

Inhabitant of the Ubsunur Hollow

Zhere you can see the foothills with eternal areas of snow-capped peaks, there are also areas of mountain taiga, alpine meadows, wetlands, mountain tundra and even sandy deserts. The remnant mountains with bright vegetation and contrasting landscapes give a special picturesqueness to the Ubsunur basin. Endangered species of animals are found here - mountain sheep - argali, snow leopard, as well as many rare species of birds - geese, herons, terns, gulls, shorebirds, etc. During excavations of ancient mounds on the territory of the basin, unique rock paintings, burials and stone sculptures were discovered .

9. Putorana Plateau

Included in the World Heritage List in 2010, this natural site of the Russian Federation covers a total area of ​​more than 1.8 million hectares. This virgin basalt plateau in the north of Eastern Siberia, almost at the Arctic Circle, is invaluable in terms of study by geologists and geomorphologists. The mountainous terrain has a stepped landscape, flat-topped massifs intersect deep canyons. The plateau was formed at the turn of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic as a result of volcanic activity. Forty-layer deposits allow us to study the structure of the planet.

Deep cracks in the plateau are formed by glaciers, which subsequently filled with water, forming lakes with unique appearance and depths up to 400 meters. There are many beautiful waterfalls on the territory of the plateau, one of which (in the valley of the Kanda River) has a height of 108 meters. In total, there are 25 thousand small and large lakes with a huge supply of fresh water on the territory of the Putorana Plateau. There are more than 30 species of mammals in this northern reserve, and all of them are rare or relict.

Vegetation is represented by 400 species - mainly woodlands, mountain tundra and larch taiga. The plateau serves as a resting place for thousands of species of migratory birds.

The picturesque landscapes of the beautiful plateau coincide with the boundaries of the reserve of the same name located beyond the Arctic Circle, which adorns the territory of Central Siberia. The changing zones betray each other a special charm of the area: virgin taiga, the richest forest tundra, colorful landscapes of the tundra and the fabulous beauty of the icy Arctic deserts. A real decoration of the plateau: winding ribbons of rivers and a crystal saucer of a lake filled with pure cold water. Through the inhospitable lands of the plateau, a road stretches along which deer migrate. This is an incredible sight, which in nature can be observed less and less.

10. Territories of the Western Caucasus

The nature reserve with an area of ​​0.3 million hectares has been included in the UNESCO list since 1999. These territories are almost untouched by human civilization. Today they are protected not only by UNESCO, but also by other all-Russian and international organizations - Greenpeace, the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, NABU, Dresden Technical University, the North Caucasus working group, etc. The territory of the reserve covers areas that stretch from the upper reaches of the river Kuban to the Belaya and Malaya Laba rivers..

Caucasus. Blooming rhododendron in the Upper Mzymta valley

The vegetation in this protected region is represented by coniferous and broad-leaved forests, crooked forests, mountain meadows, and nival belt. Every third plant here is considered relic. Rare species of birds of prey nest here - ospreys, bearded vultures, golden eagles, griffon vultures, etc. Among the large animals in the reserve, you can see West Caucasian tigers, brown bears, wolves, Caucasian red deer, bison, etc. Tourists will be interested to see beautiful karst formations in this natural area with deep gorges, waterfalls, underground rivers, tarns, moraines, cirques and valleys formed by mountain glaciers.

11. Curonian Spit

The Curonian Spit is a sandy spit located on the coast of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. The Curonian Spit is a narrow and long saber-shaped strip of land separating Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea and stretching from the city of Zelenogradsk in the Kaliningrad region to the city of Klaipeda (Smiltyne) (Lithuania).

Length - 98 kilometers, width ranges from 400 meters (near the village of Lesnoy) to 3.8 kilometers (near Cape Bulviko, just north of Nida).

The Curonian Spit is a unique natural and anthropogenic landscape and a territory of exceptional aesthetic value: The Curonian Spit is the largest sand body, which is part of the Baltic sand spits complex, which has no analogues in the world. The high level of biological diversity due to the combination of different landscapes - from desert (dunes) to tundra (raised bog) - gives an idea of ​​important and long-term ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, river, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals. The location of the spit and its relief are unique.

The most significant element of the spit relief is a continuous strip of white sand dunes 0.3-1.0 km wide, partly approaching the highest in the world (up to 68 m).

The Curonian Spit contains natural areas that are the most representative and important for the conservation of biological diversity, including those where endangered species are preserved, which are of outstanding world significance in terms of science and nature conservation: due to its geographical position and orientation from northeast to south west, it serves as a corridor for migratory birds of many species flying from the northwestern regions of Russia, Finland and the Baltic countries to the countries of the Middle and Southern Europe. Every year, in spring and autumn, 10 to 20 million birds fly over the spit, most of which stop here for rest and feeding.

In the last entry, I posted not all the architectural objects of Russia, marked by UNESCO for their uniqueness and historical value. Today I will add to this list...

12. Citadel, old city and fortifications of Derbent .

The citadel, the old town and fortifications of Derbent is the collective name under which UNESCO in 2003 added the medieval architectural heritage of the city of Derbent to the World Heritage List.

The history of ancient Derbent, located off the coast of the Caspian Sea, on the territory of modern Dagestan, has, according to archaeologists, five thousand years. This one of ancient cities Russia was at first a small settlement founded at the foot of the spurs of the Caucasus Mountains, which later acquired city fortifications of impressive size.

However, the first documentary evidence of this place is precisely how big city, belong to the 5th century. At that time, the Persian king Yazdegerd II ruled here, who appreciated its strategic location. This, by the way, is reflected in the name, because Derbent in Iranian means “mountain outpost” or “mountain pass”. Approximately 100 years later, another king erected a fortified city on the remains of the former defensive structures, which is called Old, with an impregnable fortress and powerful fortifications. Between these fortifications, stretching deep into the Caucasus Mountains for more than 40 kilometers, a city has developed that still retains a medieval character.

Citadel of Nara-kala

It continued to be a strategically important site well into the 19th century. Derbent has experienced many dramatic events throughout its history: wars, assaults, periods of decline and prosperity, times of independence and subjugation to other peoples. But still, this place has preserved many monuments of all these turbulent periods.

This: the citadel of Naryn-kala, with thick and high walls, the ruins of the palace of the Derbent Khan, baths and a guardhouse;

13. Struve geodesic arc

The Struve arc is a network of 265 triangulation points, which were stone cubes buried in the ground with an edge length of 2 meters, with a length of more than 2820 kilometers. It was created to determine the parameters of the Earth, its shape and size. It is named after the creator - the Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (Vasily Yakovlevich Struve).

The Struve geodetic arc was measured by Struve and employees of the Derpt (Tartu) and Pulkovo observatories (whose director was Struve) for 40 years, from 1816 to 1855, over 2820 km from Fuglenes near the North Cape in Norway (latitude 70 ° 40′11″ N) to the village of Staraya Nekrasovka, Odessa region, near the Danube (latitude 45° 20′03″ N), which formed a meridian arc with an amplitude of 25° 20′08″.

Struve geodesic arc, "Point Z", o. Gogland, Leningrad region

Currently, arc points can be found on the territory of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia (on the island of Gogland), Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova (Rud village) and Ukraine. On January 28, 2004, these countries applied to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee with a proposal to approve the remaining 34 points of the Struve Arc as a World Heritage Site. In 2005, this proposal was accepted.

Story about others architectural monuments Russia, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, Around the world

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UNESCO World Heritage

A complete (as of July 2016) list of places and objects on the planet in different countries are selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in accordance with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

UNESCO was established in November 1945. One of the fundamental activities of UNESCO is the protection of the cultural environment, within the framework of which the World Heritage Program was established, which sets as its task the preservation of cultural and natural sites that are the property of all mankind.

The great Wall of China

UNESCO World Heritage Sites include internationally renowned and recognized man-made masterpieces of human genius, as well as unique natural phenomena representing historical, cultural and environmental significance.

Nan Madol, "Pacific Venice"

The presence in this list of cultural and natural objects of a particular country contributes not only to its international prestige, but also to economic benefits and the development of tourism.

To be included in this list, a property must meet at least one of the ten established evaluation criteria for selection (6 cultural and 4 natural criteria). The only object on the UNESCO list that was evaluated according to all 6 cultural criteria, among which there is one such as "a masterpiece of human creative genius", is. The wall included in the list "", is a majestic man-made structure, the construction of which has been continuously carried out since the 3rd century BC. e. up to the 17th century.

Lumbini

The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites includes cities and archaeological sites, castles, palaces and fortresses, cathedrals, temples and abbeys, theaters and museums, islands, valleys and parks, as well as other equally amazing and beautiful sights of the world.

Almost every year, UNESCO holds sessions where the members of the World Heritage Committee decide on the inclusion of a particular site in the list of protected sites.

ancient cities "Roads of incense"

In July 2016 in Istanbul, at the annual session of UNESCO, the list of world heritage countries was replenished with 21 "new" cultural and natural sites. Now the list is 1052 objects, 814 of which are of cultural significance, 203 of natural and 35 of mixed. The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, in particular, included such objects as mountain range Kanchenjunga(India), archaeological complex Philippi(Greece), , dolmens Antequera(Spain) and others.

Acropolis in Athens

Visiting UNESCO World Heritage sites is a unique opportunity for tourists to get acquainted with the outstanding cultural monuments and natural wonders of our planet and discover many interesting places that many did not even suspect existed. The name of places such as, which is associated with the birth of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, or; largest crater in the world Vredefort in South Africa, whose age is estimated at 2 billion years or Monastery of Saint Gall in Switzerland, whose library is one of the oldest and richest in the world and contains precious ancient manuscripts, makes the heart of a real traveler beat faster

Therefore, if you want to spend your vacation in any country or just go on a trip, look at the photos and read the description of the best creations of mankind and nature. Maybe you want to visit the finalist of the competition "" or the legendary Knossos palace, then you should pick up a tour to Greece. Or maybe you want to go to Greenland and visit Ilulissa fjord t to watch drifting giant icebergs, or visit the caves and enjoy the fantastic scenery, located in Vietnam and included in the list "

On our site you can get acquainted with both unique World Heritage sites and other interesting places, natural and cultural attractions of different countries, which will help you plan your travel routes and serve as a good guide for your trip. The complete list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites is divided by parts of the world for ease of reference and can be found at the links below. Have a nice trip!