Description of Munich in German. Useful information for tourists. things to do in Munich

Munich — Munich

In this article you will learn:

Munich is one of the largest cities in southern Germany, founded in 1158 and is the capital. It is a large rapidly developing industrial center. Electrical, engineering, printing, sewing and chemical enterprises are located here.

The scientific sphere is widely developed in Munich. It is home to many universities, as well as one of the largest European public libraries.

Munich is known for its large brewing production and drinking tradition. Munich breweries serve - festivities, beer festival, famous throughout the world. It is celebrated on a grand scale in September-October of each year on Terezin Meadow.

Story

The status of the city of Munich was given by the Bavarian ruler Heinrich the Lion. Soon city walls were erected around the settlement, and the long and rich history of Munich began. After the unification of all the duchies of Bavaria, which occurred in 1507, it becomes its full capital. During the course of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Maximilian, who at that time was the Duke of Bavaria, took an active part in it. At one time, Napoleon visited Munich on a friendly visit. In 1818, the Constitution of Bavaria was adopted for the first time.

The First World War is memorable for Munich because it was heavily bombed. And the post-war period was a difficult period for the city. The beer putsch marked the year 1923. Then Hitler carried out the first unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état, during which he was arrested. But, this did not prevent the city from remaining the main city of the National Socialists.

During World War II, the city was heavily damaged. During the post-war reconstruction, it was decided to follow the original layout as accurately as possible. Today in Munich there is a fairly high standard of living - high-quality and comfortable. It is a city characterized by a thriving economy and a great variety of cultural life.

Attractions

Munich is a museum city, a place of accumulation of masterpiece architectural monuments, a venue for Oktoberfest and just a city worthy of the attention of a tourist. There are so many attractions in Munich and its environs that it is simply impossible to list everything. But the places that every tourist must see will be described below.

Marienplatz and New Town Hall

The center of Munich is crowned by the main square of the city of Marienplatz with a Gothic palace called the New Town Hall. According to historical data, the town hall was built in the late 19th - early 20th century, although looking at it one gets the impression that it is much older and has been standing on this site for more than one hundred years.

Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Frauenkirche)

Most high building Munich. The authorities are forbidden to erect buildings higher than the Cathedral of the Blessed Mary.

The cathedral, in fact, is the crypt of the Wittelsbach family, who ruled in Bavaria for over 700 years.

The cathedral was built in gothic style and looks majestic, but for some reason it is not very welcomed by the locals, who speak contemptuously about this landmark of Munich.

Outwardly, the impressive and solid temple does not make the proper impression when visiting it, inside, according to the reviews of numerous visitors, it is uncomfortable, cold and miserable. Perhaps the attitude of local residents is influenced by the political background of the temple ministers and their arrogance towards their parishioners, although this is another story.

old town hall

This building is much more laconic, does not have such finesse of decoration as the New Town Hall, and dates from earlier years of construction.

Glyptothek

Place of accumulation of works of ancient sculptors ancient rome and ancient Greece. The museum was founded under King Charles I. Statues of various mythical characters can be seen in the Munich Glyptothek.

Monument Museum Dachau

This is probably one of the scariest museums of our time. A museum saturated with heavy energy, filled with the memory of the thousands of deaths of children, women and men during the Second World War. The museum is based on the site of a former Nazi concentration camp. Only the sculpture erected at the entrance to the museum conveys the whole tragedy of those times.

St. Peter's Church

The oldest landmark in Munich ancient history, the church survived many fires and reconstructions, after which it successfully combines various styles of architecture.

Church of St. John Nepomuk

This temple is better known as the Azamkirche church. This name originated among the people due to the fact that it was the Azam brothers who erected this temple on a small piece of land, they managed to erect a truly fundamental work of architectural art. The interior of the church is stunning with splendor.

Olympic Park

The Munich Olympic Park was built to host the 1972 Summer Olympics. This favorite place for recreation with the residents of Munich, various cultural events are held here. The Olympic complexes serve as training and sports bases for the training of athletes and for ordinary citizens to go in for sports.

BMW Museum

The sanctuary of fans of the German car brand is the BMW Museum. The whole history of the creation of one of the favorite brands of the German car industry. More than 120 car models, from the very first to the latest developments of the corporation. Huge selection of motorcycles. Men will definitely appreciate this museum, but girls will also be interested there.

The museum's opening hours are from 10 am to 6 pm daily, except Mondays. Ticket price from 6 (children) to 12 (adult) euros. Discounts for families and groups.

The museum is located 15 minutes from Munich.

Oktoberfest

The main influx of tourists in Munich coincides with the main event of Bavaria -. Hundreds and thousands of tourists from all over the world come to this grand celebration dedicated to the favorite drink of the Bavarians. Beer flows like water, tons of sausages are eaten, a joyful mood reigns everywhere. Many connoisseurs of a foamy drink dream of a vacation in Munich at Oktoberfest.

One of the largest museums is located in the city scientific and technological achievements. The Toy Museum is one of the unusual museums.

A trip to Munich and acquaintance with its main attractions will surely be remembered by every traveler. The capital of Bavaria warmly and cordially welcomes visitors!

Sport

The variety of varieties presented in Munich allows everyone to find something to their liking. Close proximity to the Alps gave impetus to the rapid development of skiing and tourism.

Seasonal mass roller skating through the streets of the city on Monday evening of every week has become traditional. Also, the tradition included marathon races, which are organized twice a year.

In the summer season, beach volleyball is very popular, tournaments are held on large beaches.

Of particular note is football. - the most famous German football club, which has a huge number of titles. The famous Allianz Arena is the home stadium of the grandiose club. Also in Munich, hockey and basketball are well developed. At one time, the city hosted the Olympic Games and the world championships in football and ice hockey.

Transport

The main urban transport can be called trains and metro. Munich has a well-developed bus and tram network. Munich's main railway station has a huge passenger flow and serves more than three hundred thousand passengers a day. In addition, they function Eastern Station and Munich-Pasing in the west. Regional and international high-speed trains pass through them.

Munich Airport is one of the largest airports in Germany, handling up to fifty million passengers a year.

The cheapest tickets from Moscow to Munich and back

Munich is an important part of the highways of the southern part of Germany. From it originates movement to various parts of the country. From it you can go to Austria and Italy.

There are several transport rings in the city: the old city, the autobahn and the middle one. Traffic on cars is greatly complicated by constant traffic jams.

Taxi

A taxi in the city is not cheap, the landing costs 3.5 euros, plus you pay 1.5 -1.8 euros for each kilometer. Also, if you have large luggage, the taxi driver will charge you 1.2 euros.

Bicycles

Munich is a city where cycling is well developed. It will cost you 3 euros per hour to rent a bike. Gathered to ride all day - 15 euros. (As elsewhere, you will be charged a deposit - 50 euros).

Excursions

If you are going to visit Munich, the Tripster service will help you choose an excursion to your liking. Excellent guides or ordinary people living in Munich are ready to show you the city, its sights and beauties.

Where to stay in Munich

We suggest you take a look at the hotels that are located near the city center.

One of the most attractive cities in Germany is the unique Munich. Its amazing beauty, rich history, interesting cultural traditions give the city all the features inherent in the capitals of the world. Indeed, the locals call their city the second capital of Germany.

Munich - administrative center federal state Bavaria, located in the south of the country. The date of foundation of the city is considered to be 1158, when the construction of the settlement was completed. Villa Munichen. Twenty years later, Munich receives the status of a city. Its name comes from the word Monche, which means "monks" in Old German. At one time, the residence of the Bavarian kings was located in Munich.

Munich differs from other German cities in terms of ethnic composition. More than a quarter of the total population of the city are citizens of neighboring countries.

Today Munich is a major industrial, financial and cultural center of Germany. In addition, the city is home to the largest educational establishments Europe, such as the Max Planck Institute, Ludwig-Maximilian University, as well as the largest library in the Old World.

Cultural holidays in the Bavarian capital promises a lot of unforgettable experiences. More than fifty museums, exhibitions, galleries and theaters are concentrated in the city. All over the world, Munich is famous for its extraordinary hospitality and the breadth of the scope of various Bavarian holidays. It is in Munich, on the famous Terezin meadow, from September to October, the world famous festival is held Oktoberfest. During this festival, the city turns into world capital intoxicating drink.

Munich is perfect for all types of tourists. Everyone will find here entertainment to their taste.

Climate and weather

Weather conditions in Munich correspond to a temperate continental climate. winter period the city is mild, it lasts from December to March. During this time there is heavy rainfall. True, the snow on city streets lasts only a couple of weeks. Summer in Munich is moderately warm, with occasional heavy rains. The average daily temperature during this period is about +18 °C. In winter, the thermometer drops to +2 °C.

The weather in Munich is determined by intermittent but warm winds blowing from the Alps, which can dramatically change the air temperature in a couple of hours. Even in summer, on the streets of the city, there are townspeople dressed in warm sweaters.

Hospitable Munich is open to visitors all year round. Especially many foreigners come to this a beautiful city autumn (September and October) when the famous beer festival is held Oktoberfest. Many tourists come to Munich in winter to visit the nearby ski resorts, where you can ski, snowboard, etc. to your heart's content. A lot of admirers and at spring Munich. The abundance of greenery and delightful flowers transform the city beyond recognition.

Nature

Magnificent Munich is located in the most picturesque corner of Germany. To the north of the city, a beautiful river valley extends. Isar dark gray in winter and green in summer. More spectacular views open from the city itself: between the limestone rocks, the mountain glaciers of the Bavarian Alps peep through. Already on the outskirts of Munich there are real mountains, although from the central region they can only be distinguished before the rain.

Beautiful lakes also peacefully coexist with the urban area. The most popular not only among tourists, but also among the local public are stunning Starnberger, Ammersee And Chiemsee. Fringing them coniferous forests give the area a wild look. In the vicinity of Munich, spruce and pine forests. The sun-drenched alpine meadows are covered with numerous herbs and flowers. The tricolor violet can be called a real symbol of this region.

The fauna of the Munich region is not so diverse. Squirrels, foxes, wild boars, hares, marmots live here.

Attractions

Many people in Germany called Munich the German Rome. The number of historical and cultural attractions located here is amazing. All tours of Munich start from the very heart of the city - the square Marienplatz. Here are the most popular buildings and structures among tourists. In the center of the square stands a statue of Mary, erected in 1638.

Particular attention is drawn to the nearby Old Town Hall with a high bell tower. Today, this building houses the most interesting Toy Museum. Here, on Marienplatz, is also New City Hall, which is an architectural monument of neo-Gothic. The main attraction of this building is called the unique clock, which is still involved in the medieval performance several times a day.

The church is of genuine interest among tourists St. Peter's or Peterskirche. Conceived in the 13th century in the Gothic style, the church was completed only in the 17th century in the Baroque style. great views open with her observation platform, to which 294 steps lead. One of the symbols of modern Munich is the 91-meter tower of St. Peter's Cathedral.

Great popularity with foreign tourists enjoy the world's most famous art galleries Old and New Pinakothek, Old castle, St. Michael's Cathedral, church Mother of God. Two towers of the Church of the Mother of God, or Franzenkirche were built in the middle of the 15th century. Today they are one of the most recognizable symbols of Munich. A footprint imprinted at the entrance to the church makes a special impression. Locals claim that it belongs to the devil.

In the vicinity of Munich, it is worth highlighting one of the most beautiful palace complexes in Western Europe - Nymphenburg. For a long time the palace was owned by the ruling Bavarian dynasty Wittelsbach. The unique architecture of the palace, a wonderful park, as well as the botanical garden located here distinguish this complex from other similar ones.

To date, one of the most popular places Munich is considered to be the Olympic Park, which was specially built for the 1972 Olympic Games. These games have received notoriety: then several Israeli athletes became victims of Palestinian terrorists. The Olympic Park is a large-scale complex architectural structures. Among other buildings stands out Olympiastadium, which attracts attention with an amazing Plexiglas roof. Until recently, this stadium was considered the home arena of the legendary Munich football team Bayern. Today, the team trains and plays matches at a separate stadium. Allianz Arena. It should be noted that the main attraction Olympic Park it is not the stadium itself that is considered, but the huge Olympic tower, whose height is three times the towers Franzenkirche and is 290 meters.

Munich is a city of museums. Particular attention should be paid to the Bavarian National and Ethnographic Museum, the BMW Museum, the Film Museum, the Museum of Hunting and Fishing and other museums with at least impressive collections. However, the Brewery Museum is considered the most popular museum among foreigners. Kulmbach. Here you can get acquainted with rich history brewing, try yourself as a brewer, and then taste the beer brewed with your own hands.

Next to the Olympic Park is the world-famous BMW Museum, the largest Bavarian automaker. The majestic four buildings now house both the museum and the corporate headquarters.

The real treasure of Munich is English garden located near the river Isar. This stunning park has an area vastly larger than New York's Central Park and even London's Hyde Park. It is worth noting that many experts call the English Garden in Munich the best city park in the world.

It is necessary to note another natural attraction of Munich - the zoo. Hellabrunn. Over 14,500 representatives of fauna from all over the world have been gathered on a vast territory. More than 650 species of animals live here in conditions that are as close to natural as possible. Hellabrunn considered one of the largest zoos in Western Europe.

Nutrition

WITH The capital of Bavaria is famous for its impeccable brewing traditions. Of course, traditional Bavarian food is inextricably linked with this fragrant foamy drink. Wonderful beer snacks (sausages, sausages, baked ducks, piglets) can be tasted in absolutely any establishment Catering Munich.

The most famous beer restaurants in the city are called Augustiner-Keller. It is located next to the main train station. This restaurant is famous not only for delicious snacks and surprisingly fragrant fresh beer. The peculiar design of the interior in the old German style also makes a huge impression.

The legendary beer garden is located on the territory of Munich "Hofbräuhaus" built in the 16th century. The wooden furniture used in this establishment has been preserved since the end of the 19th century. "Hofbräuhaus" has its own "beer garden", where, in favorable weather, fresh air can enjoy delicious beer and snacks for up to 400 people at the same time.

In addition to the standard sausages, the menu of every Munich restaurant includes an incomparable brisket on ribs, fried pork, and a liver pate cooked in the oven. But the most famous Bavarian dish is pork knuckle with stewed potatoes and cabbage. Every meal is accompanied, of course, by an amazing beer or wine.

A wide variety of dishes on the menu of Bavarian restaurants will make you forget about diets. It is impossible not to try this yummy.

Food prices in Munich are comparatively low. One glass of beer costs about 2 €. For lunch in a small street cafe, you can pay from 5 € to 15 €. A dinner in a chic restaurant will cost the visitor about 20-30 €.

Accommodation

The hospitable capital of Bavaria offers huge selection hotels of any type, boarding houses or hostels. The choice of place of residence depends only on the wishes of the client and his well-being. Munich has a huge number of hotels of world famous hotel chains - Marriott, Hilton And Plaza. Accommodation in such hotels will cost about 150-300 €. You can pamper yourself in deluxe rooms for 450 €.

There are also many more modest type hotels in Munich. Bed & Breakfast. The rooms of these hotels are equipped with the necessary furniture and appliances. Each has a private bathroom, air conditioning, TV, telephone, internet, etc. The average cost of a double room is about 140 € per night.

Less than 45 € in Munich do not offer rooms. The cost of living directly depends on the season. As a rule, prices increase sharply in the summer and during the Oktoberfest. Many companies encourage tourists to make hotel reservations in advance, as Munich sees a steady stream of foreign tourists all year round.

Entertainment and recreation

Beautiful Munich is conducive to a pleasant pastime. The city equally attracts tourists both in summer and in winter. In addition to various excursions to the main attractions of the city and its environs, in the summer you can have a great time in the suburbs of Munich. Numerous lakes favor various water sports recreation. You can make exciting ascents in the mountains of Bavaria.

In winter, entertainment at the nearby ski resorts near Munich will be an excellent option for outdoor activities. Unique beauty The Alps, fresh frosty air, a huge selection of entertainment attract hundreds of thousands of tourists to Munich. It is worth noting that the cost of holidays in the Bavarian ski resorts is much lower than in the famous Swiss or Austrian ones.

Holidays in Munich will leave an unforgettable experience for your children. You should definitely take your beloved child to the beautiful Munich circus Krone, zoo, amusement park Legoland, aquapark Alpamare.

In the latter, by the way, an artificial wave operates all year round, the height of which reaches one meter. This place was chosen by local surfers. Fans of this sport can also visit the English Garden, namely the stream Eisbach. True, this place is quite dangerous: the stream is replete with pitfalls. Therefore, it is not recommended to come here for inexperienced surfers. And the amusement park SKYLINE PARK able to increase the level of adrenaline in the blood of even the most unflappable. In the park you can ride roller coaster, jump from a ten-meter springboard Big Jump. IN SKYLINE PARK is the largest in the world water slide, which was listed in the Guinness Book of Records.

Recently, Munich has become a popular venue for various exhibitions, festivals and concerts. The most famous festival is Oktoberfest held in late September - early October. The beginning of the annual beer festival was laid more than two centuries ago. In 1810, in honor of the wedding of the future King Ludwig I, horse races were arranged, followed by a treat for all those present with beer. Currently Oktoberfest gathers a huge number of foreign tourists who want to experience the unique flavor of the German holiday, coupled with the amazing taste of specially brewed foamy beer "Vizn".

Fun and noise do not stop in Munich and at nightfall. A huge number of bars, clubs and discos will appeal to noisy youth. The most popular clubs among local youth are Club 2 And Max-Emanuel-Brauerei. cozy atmosphere, popular DJs, incendiary music - there are all conditions for a fun night out.

Purchases

Shopping is recognized as one of the most enjoyable entertainment in Munich. In the capital of Bavaria there is a huge number of modern shopping malls, boutiques of famous brands, various souvenir shops and shops. All Munich shopping facilities are open in weekdays from 9:00 to 20:00, and on Saturday the working day is reduced to 16:00. Actions are held in Munich five times a year on Sundays. These days, the numerous shops of the city are filled with buyers from all over Bavaria. At local population seasonal sales are very popular. During these periods, all clothes and shoes are offered to visitors with a 90% discount.

The main shopping streets of Munich are considered Maximilianstrasse, Kaufingerstrasse And Neuhauserstrasse. Numerous boutiques of fashionable clothes and accessories, as well as inexpensive souvenir tents, stretched along the entire length of the streets. Olympia is recognized as the most popular shopping center in Munich. There are about 135 different shops and boutiques here. In addition, major events in the fashion world (exhibitions, shows, holidays) are held weekly in the shopping center.

All lovers of shopping should definitely visit the trading village Ingolstadt. More than a hundred stores of major world brands are located here. It should be noted that the prices outlet village significantly lower than in similar stores in Munich itself. get to Ingolstadt possible by car.

Munich's Christmas markets are world famous. From the end of November until the very Nativity of Christ Square Marienplatz transformed beyond recognition. A lot of bright garlands that create bizarre patterns, the main Christmas tree of the city create a special festive mood. In numerous tents you can buy Christmas toys, decorations, gifts for loved ones.

Transport

Munich's public transport is a well-developed network of many bus, tram routes, as well as city train and metro stations. It is worth noting that a distinctive feature of the transport of the capital of Bavaria is its punctuality. All vehicles arrive at the stops strictly on schedule.

The bus network of the city is divided into several types: Metrobus, StadtBus And taxibus. Locals rarely use buses. Tram and metro are the most widely used. Interestingly, the tram is considered the oldest mode of transport in Munich. The cost of a trip in public transport depends on the number of zones.

The Munich metro was specially built for the 1972 Olympics. The total length of the line is over 100 kilometers. Modern rolling stock is used to transport passengers. Interestingly, there are no turnstiles familiar to us in the Munich metro. Travel Documents controllers are checked right at the station. The fare also depends on the zones the passenger is passing through.

Munich is a major railway junction. One of the main German railways is located in the city. On the territory of Munich there are three stations that serve high-speed and regional trains to Italy, Austria, France, Switzerland. Traveling by rail to nearby settlements will cost 10-15 €.

The air gate of Munich can be safely called the international airport named after F. Strauss. Today, this airport is recognized as one of the largest in all of Europe. Here is the base of the company Lufthansa And StarAlliance. These companies operate daily flights to other cities in Germany and major airports peace. It is worth noting that air travel in Germany is quite expensive. A ticket from Munich to Berlin costs about 200 €.

Munich is the hub of the German autobahn network in the south of the country. Motorways from Nuremberg, Stuttgart, Berlin, Passau, Salzburg, Lindau and Garmisch-Partenkirchen end in Munich.

Connection

Munich recognized largest center IT technologies and communications not only in Germany and Europe, but throughout the world. Communication systems in the city are well established. Payphones are located on every city street, from which you can make a call not only within the country, but even call abroad. The work of such payphones is organized from coins, telephone or credit cards. Telephone card sales points are located in all major shopping centers, gas stations, and post offices. The cost of the cards varies from 3 € to 25 € depending on the number of paid minutes.

About 80% of Munich residents own cell phones. Mobile communication services in the city are provided by more than a dozen companies that support roaming of the world's major mobile operators, including Russian ones. It should be noted that the price of outgoing calls to Russian cities is about 2 €.

In all areas of Munich, you can find quite cozy Internet cafes that provide visitors with a full range of network services. Wi-Fi access points have become very popular among the local population. By the way, in large hotels, shopping and entertainment centers provide free internet.

Safety

The surroundings of the capital of Bavaria were chosen by representatives of the German elite and not only. By the way, the Russian diaspora in Munich includes more than 40,000 people.

The cost of Munich real estate for an unprepared person can be shocking. Prices for individual apartments reach 1,000,000 €. And luxurious country villas will cost the buyer 20,000,000-30,000,000 €.

A safe and full of exceptionally positive impressions vacation in Munich is possible only if certain important rules are observed.

Firstly, the Germans are extremely punctual and accurate people. If you have an appointment with the locals, you must arrive exactly at the appointed time. The slightest delay will cause a lot of negative emotions. In a conversation with the Germans, try to joke more carefully. A misinterpreted phrase can instantly set the interlocutor against you.

Secondly, to travel around Munich, it is better to use the metro or tram. To save time and money the best option fare will be the acquisition single ticket, allowing the whole day to use the services of different types of transport within the same zone.

Thirdly, when going shopping in Munich, it is worth remembering that all payments are made only in the national currency - the euro. Foreign money can be exchanged at any bank branch. It should be noted that some (by far not all!) shopping centers and large stores pay by bank transfer using plastic cards.

Vladimir Dergachev, photographs by Anton and Vladimir Dergachev

The Bavarian State Chancellery is located on the east side of the Hofgarten Park opposite the Munich Royal Residence.In the center of the park is the pavilion "Temple of Diana" (1615).

The population of Germany is divided into two parts -
those who live in Munich and those who dream of living there"
bavarian joke

In international rankings, Munich has repeatedly been ranked among the top ten cities with the highest quality of life in the world and at the same time is considered one of the most expensive cities in Germany. For its high standard of living and safety, the city was nicknamed "Toytown" (toy town). German residents call the city "Millionendorf" ("village with a million people").

Munich is a major cultural, industrial and research center in Germany and Europe. The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and the Bavarian Academy are located here fine arts, the Philharmonic, the Higher Music School, the Technical University of Munich, the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich and the Ukrainian Free University, the research institutes named after Max Planck and the name of Heinz Mayer-Leibniz, a nuclear research reactor and many other institutions.
One of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian State Library, has 6 million volumes. Here the future leader of the world proletariat studied political works Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin, and then the future leader of the Third Reich, an unrecognized Austrian artist, began his political career Adolf Gitler .

Bavaria is a rich federal state, and Munich is one of the most promising European cities for investment, especially in real estate and tourism. In terms of the development of the banking system, the Bavarian capital ranks second in Germany after Frankfurt am Main. Thousands of new companies are registered in the city every year.
A powerful industrial infrastructure has been created in Munich, the headquarters of such giants as BMW, Microsoft and Siemens are located here. Rapidly developing medicine, aviation industry, protection technologies environment. One of Europe's largest Silicon Valleys (technopolises) is located in Bavaria, and Munich is considered the high-tech capital of Germany.

First in the world driver license and numbers for the car were issued in Munich. The concern "Bavarian Engine Works" (BMW) is represented in Munich by the headquarters of the "Bavarian Motors". Next to the skyscraper, reminiscent of the outlines of engine cylinders, a giant advertising and entertainment complex "BMW World" was built.
Munich is famous for its brewing traditions. The world-famous Oktoberfest beer festival is held annually.

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History of Munich begins in the 8th century, when monks settled on the local hill. From here came the name from the Old High German Munichen ("at the monks"). Today on this site is the church of St. Peter. The city was first mentioned in documents in 1158, when the Duke of Saxony and Bavarian Henry, nicknamed the Lion, showed entrepreneurial spirit. He burned the only bridge over the river Isar near Freising to deprive the local bishop of the income from the salt trade from Salzburg and built a new bridge near the village of Munichen. And white gold began to work for the future of the Bavarian capital.

In 1240, Munich passed into the possession of the German feudal Wittelsbach family and was their residence until 1918, and since 1806 - the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. After the First World War and the flight of the king in Munich on April 13, 1919, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed, defeated on May 3, 1919 by detachments of the local revanchist organization.

On February 24, 1920, the Nazi Party was created in the Hofbräuhaus beer hall, and in 1923, the Beer Putsch took place in another beer hall, the Bürgerbräukeller. But then the Weimar Republic resisted, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to 5 years (released after 9 months), and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) was temporarily banned in Germany.

In 1933, after the elections to the Reichstag, the Nazis came to power and in 1934 Hitler dealt with his political opponents during Operation Night of the Long Knives. Since 1935, Munich has been officially called the "capital of the Nazi movement", where, in addition to Hitler, Heydrich and Himmler began their political careers. The Nazis did not forget about the opponents of the regime, for whom the first concentration camp in Dachau was created near the city.

In 1938, an international agreement between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France was signed in the capital of Bavaria. As a result of the so-called "Munich Agreement" part of the territory of Czechoslovakia ( Sudetenland) passed to Germany, and Hitler gained de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia.
During World War II, as a result of numerous bombings by British and American aircraft, many local residents and refugees were killed, and the historical center of Munich was almost completely destroyed. Out of 815 thousand inhabitants, 480 thousand remained in the city, and out of 10 thousand Jews - only 746 people.

After the occupation by American troops, Munich was completely restored in the post-war years, and in 1957 its population already exceeded 1 million inhabitants. The city continued to play a significant role in the German economy, politics and culture, earning the nickname Heimliche Hauptstadt ("secret capital") of Germany. Since 1962, the International Conference on Politics and Security has been held annually in Munich in February.

One of the railway directorates of the Deutsche Bundesbahn is located in Munich.

Munich Main Station after Hamburg Main Station is the second largest in Germany in terms of passenger traffic, serving 350,000 passengers a day.

The new international airport, named after the German politician Franz Josef Strauss, was opened in 1992 and is the second largest in terms of the number of passengers served in Germany (38 million passengers per year), the leader in domestic air transportation (9 million passengers) and the base for the German national company Lufthansa. Munich is connected by autobahns to cities in Germany, Austria, Italy and Switzerland.

Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics, the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, and the 1975, 1983 and 1993 Ice Hockey World Championships. During the 1972 Summer Olympics, a terrorist attack was carried out against Israeli athletes.

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Located in the center of Munich Bavarian State Chancellery- the highest state body, the residence of the Prime Minister and the government of Bavaria. Here is the office

Bavarian Minister of State for Federal and European Affairs. The government building was completed in 1993.

In the past, one of the largest in Europe, the Bavarian War Museum, founded in 1879 by King Ludwig II, was located on this site. IN In 1905, a monumental palace was erected for him in the style of classicism. During the Third Reich, the residence of the Reichskommissar (governor) of Bavaria was located here. During World War II, the building was bombed. The collection of the Bavarian War Museum has been located in Ingolstadt since 1969.

In 1982, it was decided to demolish the historical palace, but the citizens of the city came out in favor of preserving the architectural monument. In the end, they came to a compromise. The central part of the building with a dome was preserved, and modern extensions made of glass and metal appeared on the sides.

Equestrian statue of the Duke of Bavaria Otto von Wittelsbach the Red (1117 - 1183), who became the first duke of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which ruled Bavaria until 1918. The monument was erected in front of the main entrance to the historical building of the Bavarian State Chancellery, erected in 1905.

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Munich Air Gate - Franz Josef Strauss International Airport

Many books have been published about Munich, including guidebooks. In my library there is an issue of the magazine “Around the World” (March 2009) with a detailed article about the Bavarian capital: Anastasia Butsko “Munich: between monarchy and anarchy”.

The capital of Bavaria, the city of Munich, is not inferior in popularity among tourists to Berlin and Cologne. Not only a huge number of architectural monuments are concentrated here, but also the most interesting events take place, among which the central place belongs to the immortal beer festival Oktoberfest. In addition, a major European opera festival has been held here since 1875.

Stroll through the ornate city squares and breathe in the Christmas atmosphere, visit the grandiose Bavarian castles and plunge headlong into a raid on old German restaurants - all this can be done by a traveler who goes to Munich. In addition, the capital of Bavaria is a very prosperous and prosperous city. This is the perfect place for quality shopping.

The best hotels and hostels at affordable prices.

from 500 rubles/day

What to see and where to go in Munich?

The most interesting and beautiful places for walking. Photos and a short description.

The central square of Munich, where any tourist route inevitably leads. In the Middle Ages, knightly tournaments were held here and fish market. Marienplatz has been the main square since the founding of the city. Here are the most significant sights, popular restaurants, shops, food market. The square is always busy and quite crowded.

Neo-Gothic building on Marienplatz. The town hall was built in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, although it seems that it is already several hundred years old. In 1874, the City Council moved here from the Old Town Hall. In order to make room for construction, about 30 residential buildings of the townspeople were demolished. The town hall is crowned with an 85-meter tower with a spire; the facade is decorated with figures of famous and significant personalities for German history.

much more modest and ancient building than the New Town Hall. The first mention of it is found in the sources of the XIV century, but it is believed that it was erected in the XV century. The predominant building style is Gothic, with the addition of later Renaissance architectural elements. Now the Toy Museum is located in the Old Town Hall. As a result of the bombing of World War II, the building was damaged, and a new spire had to be installed on the main tower.

The palace complex, which was founded in the second half of the XVII century. It was used as the residence of the ancient Bavarian Wittelsbach dynasty. The park surrounding the palace buildings is spread over an area of ​​200 hectares. The splendor and beauty of the interior decoration of Nymphenburg can be compared with the legendary "fabulous" Neuschweinstein castle. The descendants of the Wittelsbachs still live in the part of the palace that is closed to tourists.

Hunting castle of the 15th century, erected at the request of Duke Albrecht III. The story of the duke's unhappy love is connected with Blutenburg. Against the will of his father, he secretly married a commoner and settled with her in the castle. The father tricked his son out of the fortress, and in his absence ordered to throw the unfortunate beloved into the river. Albrecht eventually forgave his father, and a chapel was erected in honor of the innocently ruined girl.

The palace was founded by Duke William V at the end of the 16th century. Then it was a small mansion, which the ruler used for privacy. His son Maximilian I rebuilt the estate to his liking and turned it into a palace. The Schleissheim complex includes three palaces built in different time and extensive park area. Johann Gump, Giovanni Trubillio and Francesco Rosa worked on the interior painting.

The complex of buildings in the central part of Munich, which is considered one of the largest in Europe. It was erected over five centuries and finally completed only in the 19th century. The Munich Residence is the official residence of the rulers of Bavaria from the Wittelsbach dynasty. It includes: a museum, which occupies more than 100 halls, 10 palaces, a theater and a concert hall.

Munich Catholic Cathedral main tower 99 meters high. According to city law, it is forbidden to erect buildings higher than the Frauenkirche (this is a temporary decision, adopted in 2004 at a popular vote). They worked on the construction of the temple in the XIV-XV centuries. It was supposed to accommodate 20 thousand parishioners, although the population of the city in those centuries was only 13 thousand people.

The temple arose on the initiative of two Azam brothers, who were architects, sculptors and painters at the same time. This is one of the few historical sights that the Wittelsbach dynasty did not have a hand in. The brothers planned to use the church as a home chapel, but later, at the insistence of the people, it was open to everyone.

The temple is one of the most revered and ancient in the city. It arose in the 8th century as a small wooden monastery on the initiative of the monks of the Tegernsee Monastery. In the 11th century, the church was rebuilt in the Romanesque style. After a fire in 1327, a new building in the Gothic style was born. In subsequent centuries, the church was rebuilt, expanded, elements of late Gothic and Rococo were added to the facade.

Main Opera theatre Munich, where one of the most respected musical groups in the world, the Bavarian State Orchestra, plays. The venue hosts the Munich Opera Festival. More than 300 performances are given here annually, leading performers are invited to play the main roles. The repertoire includes works by famous German composers and the best masterpieces of world opera art.

A unique museum that demonstrates the achievements of German technology and science. The expositions are placed on six thematic tiers: hydraulic engineering, shipping, mining, trackless transport, oil and gas, power machines. The museum contains unique samples of equipment, the only ones that have survived (that is, not destroyed at the request of the victorious countries) after two World Wars.

The exposition of the museum is dedicated to Bavarian history, culture, folk art. Items made of porcelain, wood, silver, fabric and other materials are collected here. As well as significant collections of weapons, heraldic symbols, jewelry. A special pride of the museum is the collection of nativity scenes. The collection is housed in a historic baroque building with hundreds of interior spaces, transitions and galleries.

Bavaria is the birthplace of the world-famous BMW car. It was here that the first factories for the production of aircraft were located, which after the First World War were retrained into automobile ones. Thus, a recognizable brand was born. In the museum you can see the products of the company from its very foundation. Many interesting and rare retro models of the last century are exhibited there.

Museum of Ancient Sculpture, which contains works of Roman and Greek masters from the 17th century BC. by the 5th century. Both originals and copies of statues, bas-reliefs, busts that have not survived to our time are exhibited here. The exposition is located in 13 halls. Here you can see statues of the mythical Hephaestus, Daedalus, Pericles and other characters. Most of the collection was collected by King Ludwig I.

collective name of the group art galleries and museums, which house a collection of paintings from the 14th century to modern times, as well as collections of modern and applied art. The Alte Pinakothek houses expositions of masters of the 14th-18th centuries. In Novaya - you can look at works of art of the XIX-XX centuries. The Pinakothek der Moderne exhibits collections from the 20th and 21st centuries.

The museum is located outside the city limits of Munich near the town of Dachau on the site of a former concentration camp. All people objectionable to the Nazi regime were driven here for execution. For 12 years of existence, tens of thousands of people were killed in the camp. The museum was organized at the request of the former prisoners of the camp in 1965. Little is left of the buildings of the Second World War, but this place strikes with an ominous and oppressive atmosphere.

In 1972, Munich hosted the next Summer Olympic Games. Since those times, a park has remained (a territory with Olympic venues), which the locals use for recreation and walking. The former facilities are operated as sports training bases, and major social and cultural events are still held here. It should be noted that thanks to the Games, the city has changed and become more comfortable.

The stadium built for the start of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It belongs to the Munich club Bayern Munich. It hosted the Champions League final in 2011/12. The Allianz Arena is located in the Frettmaning Heath. The building is called a real miracle of modern architectural art. At the entrance to the stadium, the fans are breathtaking from the sight of this grandiose structure.

The famous beer festival, where all fans of the foamy drink strive to get. Dozens of producers set up their tents at Oktoberfest, where countless liters of beer are drunk, kilograms of sausages and pork knuckles are eaten. The festival has existed since 1810, for two centuries it has become a real symbol of Bavaria and organically blended into cultural traditions. Traditionally, the head of the Bavarian government drinks the first mug of beer at the opening.

One of the oldest beer restaurants, which opened its doors to the first visitors at the beginning of the 17th century. At first, the court brewery was located here. The large halls of the establishment can simultaneously accommodate up to 4 thousand visitors. Hofbräuhaus has a flexible pricing policy, so every tourist can afford to try different varieties of excellent beer and enjoy German cuisine.

Central City Market, real paradise for gourmets and connoisseurs of excellent products. There are about 140 shops here, which have been owned by the same families for many years. The place in the market is inherited. Viktualienmarkt is bought mainly by wealthy Munich residents and tourists, as the prices for products are quite high. At the same time, the products are always of excellent quality.

Landscape park with a layout in strict geometric proportions. It was founded under Maximilian I at the beginning of the 17th century, but was completely destroyed during the Second World War. The park was carefully and scrupulously restored according to old drawings and sketches, while elements of English park art of the 19th century were added. Hofgarten is the realm of neat alleys, flower beds, manicured lawns and picturesque fountains.

A city park popular with locals and visited by thousands of people every day. Here you can ride a bike and a board in specially designated areas, as well as order a horse ride or just walk. The park stretches from the center to the northern part of Munich for 5.5 km. In summer, numerous lawns are filled with people - they sunbathe, have picnics or just take a nap under the shade of trees.

The zoo is considered one of the best in Europe. Like many modern zoos, it is built on the principle of a natural park, that is, conditions are created for animals that are as close to natural as possible. The biological diversity of Hellabrunn is impressive - more than 750 species of animals and about 20 thousand individuals. The zoo is popular, it is visited by 1.8 million people annually.

City Munich is the capital of the federal state of Bavaria and administrative district Upper Bavaria, it is located in the southern part of Germany, on the Isar River. Bavaria differs from the rest of Germany in its special atmosphere, exuding freedom and cordiality, and Munich is the focus of this atmosphere. The city conquers visiting tourists with its original culture, merry festivities and ancient buildings reflecting the grandeur and luxury of the former empire. People come to Munich to get acquainted with the rich history of this glorious city, walk through its chic palaces and wonderful parks, and, of course, taste the signature Bavarian beer at the famous Oktoberfest.

The name of Munich, according to the official version, comes from the Old High German word "munichen", which means "monk". The city began to be called that way back in the 8th century, when monks from the neighboring Sheftlarn monastery decided to build a settlement on Petra Hill, it was then that the early history Munich. In 1175, its first city walls were built around Munich. The city grew rapidly and, starting from 1806, it was given the status of the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria. The prosperous existence of the inhabitants of Munich lasted until 1916, when the first bombs were dropped on the city. After the end of the First World War, Munich was still restless, and in 1923 the discontent of the radical townspeople resulted in the Beer Putsch, during which Hitler's supporters made an unsuccessful attempt at a coup d'état. Despite this, during the Second World War, there were many anti-Nazi citizens in Munich, as a result of which the city became a hotbed of German non-military resistance, it was here that the headquarters of the underground organization "White Rose" was located.

At the end of World War II, Munich was badly damaged, having been bombed 71 times during the war years. Over time, the city authorities decided to start a restoration project historical center Munich, and as a result of the work done, Munich now boasts an abundance of monuments of ancient architecture.

The total area of ​​Munich is just over 310 sq. km, the urban population is approaching 1.5 million people. Administrative division Munich has 25 districts.

How to get to Munich

By plane

Munich Franz Josef Strauss International Airport serves flights of such well-known companies as AirBerlin, Star Alliance, Lufthanza, S7, Germanwings, Germania Express and Aeroflot. Munich Airport ranks second in Germany in terms of the number of passengers served. Munich International Airport is located at a distance of 28 kilometers from the city center. Regular daily flights connect the capital of Bavaria with Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. You can get from Munich Airport to the city center by bus, taxi or high-speed train.

By train

Munich's main railway station, located in the city center, is also the second largest in Germany in terms of the number of passengers. He serves international trains following to most European countries.

By bus

The central bus station in Munich accepts bus services of both international and regional destinations. Munich Central Bus Station is located near the main railway station. The bus station building has a well-thought-out layout and futuristic design.

Climate of Munich

Munich is located in the temperate continental climate zone, the city tends to experience relatively mild winters with low rainfall, and warm but warm summers. rainy weather. average temperature in the summer months it stays at the level of 20-23 degrees Celsius, the average winter temperature ranges from +1 to -2 degrees.

Munich transport

The city transport infrastructure is represented by buses, trams, electric trains and the subway. The S-Bahn in Munich is a fairly popular form of public transport, as it allows you to quickly get to almost anywhere in the city or its surroundings. The subway in Munich consists of 8 lines, along which there are about a hundred stations. Tariffs for tickets in all types of urban transport differ depending on the number of tariff zones crossed, of which there are four in the city. It is easiest for a visiting tourist in Munich to buy a Munchen City Card, thanks to which it is possible free pass around the city and discounts are available.

Excursions and tours in Munich

Culture of Munich

Those who like to spend time in museums will definitely like Munich - there are several excellent museums here, where you can learn a lot of useful knowledge and broaden your horizons. One of the most famous art galleries in the world, the Alte Pinakothek contains over 700 paintings by famous German and foreign masters, including paintings by El Greco, Rubens and Leonardo da Vinci. Also in Munich there is a very informative museum dedicated to technology and natural sciences.

Things to do in Munich

Without a doubt, the most popular entertainment in Munich, for which whole crowds of tourists come here every year, is Oktoberfest, the number one beer festival in the world. The holiday begins at the end of September and lasts about two weeks. During Oktoberfest, you can not only taste the product of the Munich breweries, but also ride one of the rides that are always present at the festival. The Oktoberfest celebration traditionally begins in the center of Munich, and then moves on to Theresa Meadow, named after Princess Theresa, to whom this festival actually owes its origin.

When is the best time to visit Munich?

As a rule, tourists come to Munich for the winter holidays, or in mid-autumn, for the Oktoberfest. It is also worth visiting Munich at the end of June, when the city hosts the Munich Opera Festival.