The largest lakes in our country. volcanic beauty. Description of the Caspian Sea - the largest and largest lake in Russia

Our Motherland - Russia is rich water resources. These are reserves of clean fresh water, and boundless salty seas and lakes. This article is devoted to the largest lakes in Russia. There are a lot of them, we will highlight the ten main ones. And if you are concerned about the question: what is the most big lake in Russia?, then by carefully examining this TOP, you will receive an answer to it.

1. Caspian Sea

This lake is considered to be the sea, because it has salty waters and huge sizes. It is the largest lake not only in Russia, but also on the whole planet. Five states are located along its banks: Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan). The territories of Russia washed by this lake are Kalmykia, Dagestan, Astrakhan region. The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is more than 370 thousand square kilometers, and the maximum depth is 1025 meters. It bears its name as a heritage of ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in ancient times in the south-west of its coast.

2. Baikal

The second largest lake in Russia. This is the biggest freshwater lake. It is located in Eastern Siberia on the territory of Buryatia and Irkutsk region. Baikal is the deepest lake on the planet. Its maximum depth is 1640 meters. The area of ​​this lake is more than 315,000 sq. km., it is the main reservoir of fresh water in Russia (90% of the total reserves). The Angara River flows out of Baikal. The waters of this beautiful lake are clean and fresh. As long as we have something to be proud of.

Located on the territory of the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad region, a large lake with an area of ​​17,600 square kilometers impresses with its beauty and picturesque nature. Lake Ladoga is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe, with a maximum depth of 230 meters. 35 are drawn to his bosom major rivers, and the proud Neva flows out of it. Industrial and private fishing flourishes on Lake Ladoga, this is facilitated by the abundance various kinds fish.

4. Lake Onega

Freshwater lake on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. Numerous monuments of Russian culture are located along its wide banks. Pure water"Onego-fathers", as it is lovingly called by the people, extends over 9616 sq. km and has the greatest depth of 127 meters. The Svir River flows out of the lake.

The lake is spread over Krasnoyarsk Territory on 4560 sq. km. it is located on the peninsula of the same name. Taimyr is the most northern lake Earth. The depth and width of the lake varies depending on the density of the ice and the time of year, but in general the most deep place- 26 meters. Mostly in the Taimyr Lake there are arctic fish species adapted to survive in harsh cold conditions.

6. Khanka

The lake is located in Primorye, on the border with China. A favorite place for tourists who want to visit and Far East Russia and on the territory of China, and get acquainted with the culture and customs of two countries at once, so dissimilar to each other.
The maximum depth of Khanka is 11 meters, and the area is about 4070 sq. km. The lake is rich in its fauna, but many species of fish are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are prohibited for catching.

Located in the Pskov region. It has an area of ​​3550 sq. km and the greatest depth - 15 km. The river Narva originates from it.

8. Ubsu Nur

In Tuva, this salty, beautiful lake With unusual name. Its area is 3350 sq. km, and the maximum depth reaches 15 meters.

9. Lake Chany

salt lake in Novosibirsk region. There is a legend that a huge snake lives in this lake, which devours people. And what? There is plenty of room to roam. After all, the area of ​​this lake varies, reaching 2000 sq. km, and the depth in some places is 12 meters. And although, perhaps, these are fairy tales for tourists, the lake fascinates with its lively beauty.

10. White Lake

Fresh lake located in Vologda region, covers an area of ​​about 1290 sq. km, reaches a maximum depth of 20 meters, although the coast White Lake quite low and its average depth is 5-7 meters. The Sheksna River flows from its bowels. The lake is rich in fish, and happy fishermen fish up to 30 different species of fish.

We have listed some of the many lakes located on the territory of our country. As you can see, Karelia is the richest area in Russia with lakes. Lucky!

Well, the smallest lake in Russia has not yet bothered to get its name. Apparently, because there are thousands of such lakes in Russia! Someone calls them by the names of the surrounding villages. The official version of the smallest lake is Lake Ertso, on the territory of South Ossetia. Every 3-5 years, the lake completely goes underground, as if it never existed, and after a while it reappears with a solemn look. A kind of "ghost". In high water, it reaches 0.5 sq. km. This is such an unusual lake.

The lakes of Russia are one of the national treasures of our Motherland. They can be large and small, freshwater and salty, deep and shallow. Let's figure out what the largest lakes in Russia and why!

1

The Caspian Sea is

Not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It is located on the border of Asia and Europe and washes the shores of 5 countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan). The area of ​​the Caspian Sea is approximately 371,000 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 1025 meters. The waters of this lake are salty. According to one theory, the Caspian Sea got its name due to the ancient tribes - the Caspians, who lived in the southwest of the coast.

2

This is the deepest (about 1640 meters) lake of our planet, located in Eastern Siberia. The area of ​​Baikal is more than 31,700 square kilometers and it is the largest reservoir of fresh water (90% of Russia's fresh water reserves). It is also worth noting that the waters of this lake are unusually clean and transparent, and in old times were considered medicinal.

3

Lake Ladoga lies on the territory of the Leningrad region and Karelia. Its area is more than 17.6 thousand square kilometers, and the greatest depth is 230 meters, it is one of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe. 35 rivers flow into Lake Ladoga, and the Neva originates. It is home to about 60 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.

4

This lake is located on the territory of Karelia, Vologda and Leningrad regions. The area of ​​Lake Onega is about 9,700 square kilometers, with the greatest depth being 127 meters. "Onego-father" - this is how the people call this lake, it is famous clean water and many historical monuments located on its banks.

Taimyr Lake is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the Taimyr Peninsula and is the northernmost lake in the world. Most of the year, this lake is covered with ice. Due to fluctuations in the water level, the area of ​​this lake can vary, and reach 4,560 square kilometers, and the maximum depth can reach 26 meters. The flora of Taimyr is represented by arctic fish species.

6

This lake is located in the Far East of Russia and borders on China. The greatest depth of Lake Khanka is about 11 meters, and the area is 4,070 square kilometers. Due to its location, it attracts a large number of tourists who can get acquainted with the culture and customs of the two countries at once. About 75 species of fish live in the waters of this lake, and even some of them are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

7

Chany is a salt lake located in the Novosibirsk region. The area of ​​the lake, according to various sources, varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers, and its greatest depth is 7 meters. There have been legends about this lake for a long time, one of which says that a huge snake lives in it, devouring people and cattle. Of course, there is no scientific evidence and information for this, perhaps this is just a legend created to attract tourists.

8

This lake is located in the Vologda region. The area of ​​this lake can fluctuate, mainly due to low banks, and amount to about 1,284 square kilometers. Average depth White Lake - is about 5-7 meters, but because of the underwater pits - can reach up to 10-12 meters. This lake is home to about 29 species of fish, making it a "paradise" for fishermen.

9

Topozero is located in the north of Karelia, in the Loukhsky district. The lake has a winding coastline, and its area is 986 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of up to 56 meters. Topozero is a favorite place for kayakers, and especially fishermen.

10

This lake is located in the Novgorod region of Russia. The area of ​​Lake Ilmen is 982 square kilometers, but depending on the water level - may vary. Its maximum depth can reach up to 10 meters. Many legends are associated with the name of this lake, among which there is a myth about the Scythian princes Rus and Slovene, who named this lake in honor of their sister, Ilmera.

This is not the whole list of lakes located on the vast territory of our Motherland.

Rivers is a wonderful gift of nature.

Two large rivers (Kama and Chusovaya), 40 medium rivers and about 29 thousand small rivers flow through the territory of the Perm Territory. big rivers are considered those that have a length of more than 500 km, and small - rivers with a length of less than 100 km.

Most long and deep rivers of the Perm region:

Along the length of the Kama (1805 km) - the sixth river in Europe after the Volga, Danube, Ural, Don and Pechora.

The rivers of the Western Urals are very picturesque and diverse in character. Some are typically flat (these are all the right tributaries of the Kama: Kosa, Urolka, Kondas, Inva, Obva and others; some are left: Veslyana, Lupya, South Celtma, Tulva, Saigatka). They have a calm current, a winding channel with numerous meanders, islands, channels, and aquatic vegetation. Their floodplains abound with oxbow lakes, and are often swampy.

Left-bank tributaries of the Kama, originating in Ural mountains, in the upper reaches - typically mountain rivers with fast flow. Along the banks of these rivers, there are often outcrops of numerous stones and picturesque rocks. The channel is replete with rifts, rapids and small waterfalls. When they reach the plain, the rivers lose their mountainous character.

The total length of all rivers in the region exceeds 80,000 km. The total area of ​​all rivers and lakes in our region is approximately 2% of its entire surface, much more than in neighboring regions. Perhaps that is why the Kama region is called the water region.

In addition to rivers, in our region there are about 800 lakes and more than 300 ponds, three large reservoirs: Kamskoye, Votkinskoye and Shirokovskoye.

lakes poetically called "the blue eyes of the planet." IN Perm region various types of lakes are represented: deep and shallow, small and medium, flowing and drainless, surface and underground, floodplain, karst, tectonic, natural and man-made, fresh and salty, overgrown, completely lifeless and rich in fish, with beautiful names and completely unnamed. However, most of the lakes are small, floodplain and nameless. In terms of the number of lakes, the Kama region is inferior to others Ural regions. The total area of ​​lakes in the Perm Territory is only 0.1% of its area.

Most large lakes are located in the north of the region:

• Chusovskoye (19.4 sq. km)
• Big Kumikush (17.8 sq. km)
• Novozhilovo (7.12 km2)

Most deep lakes (all of them are of karst origin):

• Rogalek (depth 61 m)
• White (depth 46 m)
• Large in the Dobryansky district (depth 30 m)

The highest salinity of the surface lakes, there is Lake Igum (25.6 g/l) in the Solikamsk region.

The largest underground is currently considered a lake in the grotto of Friendship of Peoples in Kungurskaya ice cave(about 1300 sq.m). In total, more than 60 lakes were found in this cave. Lakes are also known in other karst caves- Pashiyskaya, Divya, Kizelovskaya.
Lake Blue- an outcrop of an underground river.

Some lakes of the Kama region are protected by the state. State reserve on Lake Chusovskoye was created to protect many thousands of flocks of migratory birds. The reserve on Lake Adovo is designed to preserve the nesting sites of the rare whooper swan in the region.

Ponds and reservoirs. Ponds were created in the Kama region for a variety of purposes: to regulate the flow of small rivers, for the needs of small-scale energy, timber rafting, fishing, water supply, irrigation, and to decorate rural areas. The largest ponds:

Nytvensky (area 6.7 sq. km) on the Nytva River

Seminsky (area 5.2 sq. km) on the Zyryanka River

Ochersky (area 4.3 sq. km) on the Travyanka River

The most ancient ones were created 150-200 years ago at the old Ural factories. Now about five dozen such veteran ponds as Ochersky, Nytvensky, Pashiysky, Pavlovsky, Yugo-Kamsky and others have become a kind of monuments of history and culture.

In the region there are also larger reservoirs than ponds - reservoirs, created in connection with the construction of hydroelectric power stations: Kamskoye and Votkinskoye on the Kama, Shirokovskoye on Kosva.

swamps V Perm region widely distributed, both upland and lowland. Swamps and lakes in the north of the region are traces of the former continental glaciation. Part of the swamps was formed as a result of natural processes in slow-flowing reservoirs. Often leads to swamping economic activity human: intensive deforestation, the creation of reservoirs, the construction of dams, the construction of roads.

There are over 800 swamps in the Perm Territory, whose peat deposits can be of industrial importance. But the development of peat in many swamps is not recommended because of their role in water conservation, biological and other valuable qualities. In addition, vitamin-rich cranberries and cloudberries grow in swamps. Many swamps are good haylands.

Most large swamps are located in the north of the region:

Bolshoye Kamskoye (area 810 sq. km)

Djurich-Nyur (area 350 sq. km)

Byzimskoye (area 194 sq. km)

The groundwater . Diversity natural conditions edge created many of their species. Fresh waters, which have excellent drinking qualities, are especially widely represented. IN Lately several dozen types were found in the Kama region mineral waters, many of which are of interest for resort construction. So far, iodine-bromine and hydrogen sulfide waters are most widely used in the resorts of Ust-Kachka, Klyuchi and in the balnearies of the city of Perm.

There are more than two million freshwater and salt lakes in Russia. The largest lakes in the European part of the country include Ladoga (17.87 thousand km²) and Onega (9.72 thousand km²) in the northwest, Lake Peipsi (3.55 thousand km²) on the Estonian border, as well as the Rybinsk reservoir ( 4.58 thousand km²) on the Volga north of Moscow.

Narrow lakes from 160 to 320 km in length are located behind the dams on the Don, Volga and Kama. In Siberia, similar artificial lakes are located on the upper Yenisei and its tributary Angara, where Bratsk reservoir 570 km long is one of the largest in the world. But they are all insignificant compared to Lake Baikal, the largest reservoir of fresh water on the planet. With a length of 636 km and an average width of 50 km, the surface area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31.72 thousand km², and the maximum depth is 1642 m.

There are countless smaller lakes, located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian Plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloe (1.29 thousand km²), Topozero (0.98 thousand km²), Vygozero (0.56 thousand km²) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand km²) on the territory of the European north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand km²) in south-west Siberia.

List of the largest lakes in Russia

We present to your attention the 10 largest lakes of the Russian Federation with a description, photo and geographical location on the map of the country.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland water body (area: 371 thousand km²). It is called a sea, not a lake, because the ancient Romans who arrived in this region discovered that its water was salty and named it the sea after the tribes of the Caspian who lived near the shores of the lake. The Caspian Sea borders the following five countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran. The main river feeding the lake is the Volga, which provides about 80% of the inflow of the Caspian Sea, and the remaining 20% ​​falls on other smaller rivers.

The Caspian Sea is rich in oil and natural gas deposits, but these are under development. Also, the extraction process is hampered by the problem of separation natural resources lakes between the five countries bordering it. About 160 species and subspecies of fish from 60 genera live in the Caspian Sea and the deltas of the rivers flowing into it. About 62% of the species are endemic.

Baikal

Baikal is the deepest (1642 m), the oldest (25-35 million years) and the most voluminous (23.6 thousand km³) of all lakes in the world, it is a superstar reservoir in the field of hydrology, geology, ecology and history. Today, Lake Baikal contains about 20 percent of the fresh water on the Earth's surface, which is comparable in volume to the entire Amazon River basin. Baikal has 27 islands, including one over 70 km long (Olkhon Island).

More than 1,500 species of animals live off the shores of the lake, 80% of which are found nowhere else on the planet. The most famous representative of the Baikal fauna is the seal, which lives exclusively in fresh water. According to some reports, the population of seals is about 100,000 individuals. Also near the lake there are such large predators as wolves, which occupy the top positions of the Siberian food chain, feeding on deer, birds, rodents and smaller predators.

Ladoga lake

Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe, located in the north-west of Russia, 40 km east of St. Petersburg. The area of ​​the lake is 17.87 thousand km², the volume is 838 km³, and the maximum depth at a point to the west of Valaam Island it reaches 230 m.

The depression of the lake appeared under the influence of glaciers. northern shores mostly high and rocky, but also separated by deep, ice-covered bays. The southern shores have many sandy or rocky beaches, mostly low, slightly concave, overgrown with willow and alder. In some places there are ancient coastal embankments covered with pine trees. Most major tributaries are the rivers Volkhov, Svir and Vuoksa.

48 different species of fish were found in the lake, of which the most common are roach, carp, bream, pike perch, perch and smelt. Of the 48 species, 25 are of commercial importance and 11 are in the important food fish category.

Lake Ladoga also serves key point stops for migratory birds of the North Atlantic Flyway, which usually mark the arrival of spring.

Lake Onega

Lake Onega- the second largest lake in Europe, located in the north-west of the European part of Russia, between Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. It covers an area of ​​9.72 thousand km², 248 km long and up to 83 km wide. The greatest depth is about 127 m.

The basin of the lake was formed by the movement of the earth's crust and glaciers. The high rocky shores in the north and northwest are composed of layered granite and covered with forest. There are deep bays in Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Pevenets. The southern shores are narrow, sandy, often swampy or flooded. Lake Onega has about 1650 islands, covering a total of about 260 km², usually in the northern and northwestern bays.

The lake is home to over 40 species of fish, including vendace (a small member of the salmon family), smelt, burbot bream, pike, perch, roach and salmon. Many types of fish have significant economic value.

Taimyr

Taimyr is the second (after Baikal) largest lake in the Asian part of Russia, located in central regions the Taimyr Peninsula. It is located south of the Byrranga mountains, in the zone.

The lake and tundra zone is popular place for birds such as geese, swans, ducks, buzzards, peregrine falcons and snowy owls. Lake Taimyr is home to a large number of fish, including grayling, muksun, char and whitefish. Although the area is relatively remote, depletion of stocks of certain commercial fish species is still observed.

Taimyr is famous for the largest population of reindeer in Eurasia. Also in this region there are such animals as argali, arctic fox, wolf and lemmings. In 1975, the area was re-introduced.

Since 1983, the lake and its environs have been included in the Taimyr nature reserve. Scientists have discovered plutonium in the sediments of the lake, which allegedly entered Taimyr through wind-blown radioactive particles after nuclear testing held on Novaya Zemlya during the Cold War.

Khanka

Lake Khanka has an area of ​​4 thousand km², of which approximately 97% is located in Russia. The maximum depth of the lake is 10.6 m, and the average volume is 18.3 km². The lake is fed by 23 rivers, 8 of which are in China, and the rest in the territory of the Russian Federation. The only outflow is the Sungacha River, which flows east to the Ussuri River, which forms international border, and rush to the north, where it flows into the Amur River.

Khanka is famous for being home to the highest diversity of birds in the entire temperate zone of Eurasia. At least 327 species of nesting, wintering and migratory birds have been sighted in the lake area.

Chudsko-Pskovskoe Lake

Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye is the largest transboundary and fifth (after Ladoga, Onega, Swedish Venern and Finnish Saim) lake in Europe, located on the border between Estonia and Russia. It takes 3.6% of total area the Baltic Sea basin. A total of 30 islands are located on Lake Peipus, and 40 more in the delta of the Velikaya River. Most of them rise only 1-2 m above the water level, and often suffer from floods.

About 54 species of coastal aquatic plants grow in the basin of Lake Peipus-Pskov, including reed, calamus, reeds and various herbs. 42 species of fish live in the waters of the lake, such as smelt, vendace, bream, perch, pike, roach and whitefish. Wetlands serve as important nesting and feeding grounds for migratory birds such as swans, geese and ducks that migrate from White Sea To Baltic Sea. The region is home to one of the largest swallow colonies in Estonia.

Ubsu-Nur

Ubsu-Nur is the largest lake in Mongolia in terms of surface area (3.35 thousand km²), as well as the largest salt lake in the country. The Ubsu-Nur basin is one of the most important biodiversity poles of Eurasia. Although most of The lake is located in Mongolia, its northeastern shores are located in the Tyva Republic of the Russian Federation.

The lake is shallow, very salty, and is the remnant big sea that existed several thousand years ago. The basin covers an area of ​​about 70 thousand km² and is one of the best preserved natural steppe landscapes on the continent. It is here that the most Northern part desert and the most South part tundra.

Reed and freshwater river deltas serve as resting and nesting sites for numerous migratory birds. Over 220 species of birds can be found around the lake, including the black stork, osprey, white-tailed eagle, whooper, and black-headed gull. About 29 different species of fish live in the waters of the lake, one of which is suitable for human consumption. mountainous area serves as a home for Mongolian gerbils, wild sheep and Siberian ibex.

vats

Although Lake Chany is not well known outside of Siberia, it is one of the largest lakes in the country. Chany is a shallow lake with salty and constantly fluctuating water, the level of which can vary from season to season and from year to year. The lands of the lake basin serve as pastures for cattle.

Tanks play an important role in the region's fisheries. The most common species are silver carp, carp, ide, perch. Recently, there has been a trend of depletion of fish stocks of the lake.

Lake Beloe

By area, Beloe is the second (after Onega) natural lake Vologda Oblast, and third (after Rybinsk reservoir). It is one of the ten largest natural lakes in Europe. The lake has a relatively round shape with a diameter of 46 km. Its area is 1.29 thousand km², and the basin area is about 14 thousand km².

The lake is famous for its fish stocks, the most famous delicacy is the Belozersky smelt. The forage base and high level of oxygen create favorable conditions for the life of many species. The following fish species are common in the waters of the lake: perch, pike, bream, ruff, sabrefish, roach, bleak, burbot, chub, rudd, whitefish, ide, tench, asp, dace and gudgeon).

Table of 10 largest lakes in Russia

Posted Mon, 15/08/2016 - 08:53 by Cap

Etymology

In the early Russian written monuments, the origin of the name is unknown. Probably the ancient, Dauphine origin of the name of the lake.

There are several versions of the origin of the name:
Academician A. M. Sjogren produces the name of the lake from Fin. ääni - sound, voice, hence - "sounding ("noisy") lake".
A. L. Pogodin deciphers this toponym from the Saami. agne - "sand" + jegge - "low plain".
Professor, Doctor of Philology I. I. Mullonen believes that the name of the lake could come from the Saami. äne and the Baltic-Finnish änine / äniz, which means "big, significant."

The main beach of Novgorod is located on the banks of the Volkhov, near the walls of the Kremlin. However, in hot weather, it is packed to capacity, and it would seem that relaxing on Ilmen is more pleasant than in the city. However, the lake shores are low, often swampy, overgrown with reeds and indented by channels, so there are few beaches in the usual sense on Ilmen. All places suitable for swimming can be recognized by the quality of summer cottages and country houses- real estate in the "resort" areas is expensive. Good sand beach is located near the Peryn Skete, a good one is near the villages of Ondvor and Ilmen, as well as near Sergovo. All of them are wild, i.e. disadvantaged. Their cleanliness depends only on the environmental awareness of vacationers, which still leaves much to be desired. On south coast lakes, 30 km from Staraya Russa, there is a popular place Korostyn with a pebble beach.

Another name is Ostashkovskoye, after the name of the city of Ostashkov standing on the lake shore.
The area of ​​the lake is 260 km², including about 38 km² are islands (there are more than 160 of them on Seliger). The largest is Khachin.
The area of ​​the entire basin is 2275 km².

Maximum depth: 55 m
Area: 300 ha
Altitude above sea level: 1790 m
Administrative region: Ust-Koksinsky
Tourist area: Katunskie squirrels

Its name comes from the Altai tribe of Teleuts, and in Altai it is called Altyn-Kol, which means "golden lake". According to an old legend, in ancient times there was a famine in Altai. One Altaian had a large gold ingot, but, having gone around the whole Altai, he could not buy anything with it. Frustrated and hungry, the "rich" poor man threw his ingot into the lake and himself perished in its waves. Since then, in the language of the Altaians, the lake has been called Altyn-Kol - "golden lake".

Translated from the Bashkir name of the lake means "Beaver Lake". Beavers used to live here, now you can't see them here anymore.

There is another version: but according to the legend, on the northern shore, on the red sandy mountain, from which stones fall into the lake, there used to be a khan's headquarters.

Over time, the area began to be called "Khan-tora", "Khan-torganer", the place where the khan lives, gradually began to be called Kandra.

Food is mixed, snow, underground and rain.

The water in the lake is slightly brackish with high salinity.

The vegetation is represented by reeds, cattails and common reeds.

Lake Asylykul was formed, as many researchers claim, on the site of a giant karst sinkhole, gradually filled with water due to precipitation and groundwater. This happened, according to scientists, a million years ago.

In strong windy weather, it resembles the sea: huge waves come ashore, creating truly the sound of the sea surf. The southern coast is a rather steep slope with a height difference of 210 to 370 meters. The eastern side of this slope is covered with mixed forest, the middle part - with young larch and pine plantations.

ORIGIN OF THE LAKE NAME

There are several options for translating the name of the lake - “bitter lake”, “sprawling lake”, “bright lake”.

The presence of the word "bitter" in one of the interpretations of the name is explained by the brackishness of the lake due to the high salinity of the water due to the lack of drainage of the lake. A kind of small sea in the center of Bashkiria.

first ice on Lake Galich


The water level in the lake is 100 m above sea level. Lake Galich is fed mainly by groundwater. Several rivers flow into it from the eastern side, the largest are Chelsma and Serednyaya, Veksa flows out.
The city of Galich is located on the southern shore of the lake.
The lake is rich in fish, but last years there is a tendency to shrink. Due to the shallow water, 70% of the area of ​​the reservoir is overgrown with thickets and silted, which can jeopardize the ecosystem of the lake.

SALT LAKE CRUSH

Razval is a small salt lake of artificial origin, located on the southern outskirts of the city of Sol-Iletsk Orenburg region. Razval Lake is the largest of the Iletsk lakes group: Tuzluchnoe, Teploe, Dunino, Novoe, Maloye and Bolshoi city lakes.
In the middle of the 18th century (1754), the industrial development of the Iletsk salt dome began in the Sol-Iletsk district of the Orenburg region. Mount Tuz-Tube towered at the place where the salt core came out onto the day surface. By the end of the 19th century, a hollow appeared on the site of the mountain up to 35 meters deep, 300 meters long, and 240 meters wide. In April 1906, as a result of the flooding of the basin by the flood waters of the Peschanka River, Lake Razval with an area of ​​6.8 hectares was formed with maximum depths up to 22 meters.
The water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is a saturated saline solution containing more than 200 grams of salt per liter of water.
Lake Razval does not freeze even in the most very coldy, and from a depth of 2-3 meters to the bottom it has negative temperatures all year round. In terms of chemical composition and salt concentration, the water in Lake Sol-Iletsk is similar to the water in the Dead Sea. There are no living organisms in the lake, no vegetation. Household waste is not dumped into Razval, so the lake is ecologically clean.
Due to the high salinity, the water in the lake has a higher density than the human body, and therefore it is impossible to go to the bottom while swimming. Since 2002, the lake has been surrounded by a lattice-metal fence.
There are several restaurants, a beach disco. People come to the lake various countries, mainly Russia and Kazakhstan.

Lake Tuzluchnoye (mud)
It is the oldest of all the surviving lakes of the Sol-Iletsk salt dome.
The area of ​​the lake is 23,750 sq. m., depth 2.5 meters, the thickness of the mud layer up to 2 meters or more. The most active part of the mud is the colloidal complex.
It consists of iron sulfide, silicic acid, clay particles. Hormones and biogenic stimulants - substances constitute the most valuable part of the mud. Course treatment with mud promotes the resorption of scars, improves joint function, scarring of ulcers, relieves chronic pain syndromes, normalizes the function of the reproductive system, and treats the female genital area.

Lake Dunino (bromine, formed in 1896)
Formed in 1896. It is located 50 meters east of the lake "Razval"
The area of ​​the lake is 88.550 sq.m. , depth 13 meters. It contains more than 20 thousand cubic meters therapeutic mud and lots of bromine.
Bathing in this lake is recommended for people with increased irritability, nervous breakdowns, as well as for patients with initial manifestations of hypertension, with stomach ulcers, and skin diseases.
In the lake in in large numbers crustaceans, salted brine shrimp, which give the lake a peculiar color, multiply. One liter of water contains 165.5 grams of various salts.

It is located 40 km west of the city of Chita. (right tributary of the Selenga).
The water surface area is 58.5 km², the catchment area is 256 km², the volume of water is 0.610 km³.

Length - 10.9 km, maximum width - 6.8 km. Height above sea level - 965.1 m.
The water in the lake is fresh and flowing. Mineralization - 100-200 mg / dm³.
Lake Arakhley differs from other Ivano-Arakhley lakes in significant depths - the greatest depth is 19.5 m in the northeastern part of the reservoir.
In the central part, the depths reach more than 16 m. A rapid increase in depths can be traced in the northern part of the lake. In the southern part, the bottom is gently sloping with a gradual increase in depth towards the center of the lake.

Lake Arahley
In the coastal part, the bottom is sandy-pebbly, to a depth of 3-5 meters - sandy-silty. The rest of the bottom is covered with silt of organic origin.
Two small rivers flow into the lake - Domka and Gryaznukha (Shaborta).
In high-water years, the Kholoi stream flows out of the lake, flowing into Lake Shakshinskoye ().
On the shores of the lake are the villages of Arakhley, Preobrazhenka and various recreation centers.

(Beklemishevsky lakes, Chita lakes) - a system of lakes,.
It is located at an altitude of 945-965 meters above sea level in the basin between the Osinov and Yablonov ridges to the west of Chita.
It consists of 6 large lakes with a water surface of more than 10 km² (Arakhley, Shakshinskoye, Irgen, Ivan, Tasei, Bolshoi Undugun) and approximately 20 small reservoirs with an area of ​​less than 1 km².
Ivan and Tasei belong to the Lena basin, and Arakhley, Shakshinskoye, Bolshoi Undugun and Irgen belong to the Baikal basin.
The lakes are the center of the protected area of ​​the Ivano-Arakhleysky reserve.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Geography of the USSR.
http://gruzdoff.ru/
Wikipedia site.
http://ucrazy.ru/
http://geographyofrussia.com/
Waterfalls of Russia.

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