Recreational tourism. Control work recreational tourism

Intentionally traveling for the purpose of recreation, people began only in 1841, in fact, since that time we can talk about the emergence of a new form of leisure - tourist and recreational. Tourism satisfies people's need for recreation through a change of scenery. People began to specially go and go to places where they can relax, unwind, escape from the usual hustle and bustle. This is how recreational tourism was born. This is a special form of activity during which a person restores his resources. about her and will be discussed in the review. We will tell you what are the features of this phenomenon, what are its types and how recreational tourism is organized.

Recreation and tourism

Tourism is becoming an increasingly important sector of the economy modern states. In this regard, there is a complication of this area of ​​activity. Systems of types and subtypes of tourism are being built, new modifications are appearing. And all this is trying to comprehend theorists. Today, researchers often talk about the recreational foundations of tourism, in this regard, the question arises about the relationship between the concepts of "tourism" and "recreation".

The first term refers to the temporary movement of people to other areas in order to meet the needs for relaxation, pleasure, knowledge, health improvement, etc. The second term usually refers to the restoration of human resources spent during work. Recreation is also proposed to be understood as the activity of people in the use of their free time. Thus, the concept of recreation is broader, since tourism is only one of the ways to relax and rejuvenate a person. There is something in common between recreation and tourism: both of these activities are associated with rest, relaxation, restoration of strength and resources. But there are also differences. Recreation can take place without moving to some other place, for example, lying on the couch after a working day is also a way to recuperate. And tourism can occur not only for recreational purposes, although it is fair to say that most of the purposes of tourism are recreational.

The concept of recreational tourism

In its most general form, recreational tourism can be characterized as follows: it is the movement of people to free time to other territories in order to restore physical and mental resources. Almost all types of tourism fall under this broad definition. But the main antipode of recreational tourism is business tourism. In general, all movements in space for the purpose of earning, performing any duties and work do not belong to recreation. And all other trips with the aim of having fun and thereby restoring their resources are recreational. Thus, the essence of tourism, by and large, comes down to the fulfillment of a recreational function in human life. Travel is necessary in order to replenish the reserves of mental and physical strength. But not every trip fully contributes to productive rest. Here appears such a feature of the place to which the traveler travels, as potential opportunities to meet the needs of the tourist. In this case, it is worth talking about tourism not only from the side of the consumer of tourist services, but also from the side of their organizer. After all, tourism is also a business. And here it is necessary to talk about the recreational resources of tourism, which include not only the natural characteristics of the place, but also artificially created by people designing a tourist product.

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Recreational resources

This term is understood as a system of natural and man-made objects that can satisfy the needs of tourists for recreation. As well as a set of objects on the basis of which you can create a tourist product, i.e. a tour for sale to a tourist. Obviously, recreational resources are the basis of recreation and tourism. If a place has nothing that would help a person to restore at least some strength after work, then no one will come here. There is a branched classification of recreational resources, these include:

— natural objects (forest, sea, mountain, water, meadow);

- artificial objects (architectural monuments and complexes, cultural and historical complexes, cities and settlements with a complex of attractions, resorts, places of worship and religion, antiquities, as well as various events, including sports).

Thus, recreational resources include many different objects with different potential. There is also the practice of dividing resources according to movable/real estate, renewability/non-renewability.

Recreational resources are characterized by such features as heterogeneity of quality, exhaustibility and renewability, limited simultaneous use.

Natural and recreational resources

Natural objects that can satisfy people's need for recreation include:

• coasts of seas, rivers, various reservoirs;
• forest and meadow massifs;
• mountains and foothills;
• jungle and desert.

On their basis, national parks, reserves, resort areas are being created, and the necessary infrastructure is being formed.

Cultural and historical recreational resources

Artificially created objects include:

• museums;
• architectural complexes;
• capitals of the world;
• religious complexes and structures;
• sport events;
• festivals, holidays, competitions, ceremonies.

Tours are also being developed to deliver people to these facilities, and the necessary infrastructure is being created.

Classification of recreational tourism

There are several approaches to the allocation of types of recreational tourism. In the most conservative approach, only two types are distinguished: health-improving and cognitive. However, the ever-increasing complexity of the tourism system required a more thorough approach to identifying the types of recreational tourism. These include:

• wellness;
• informative;
• ethnographic;
• sports;
• religious;
• rural;
• ecological;
• gastronomic;
• cultural types of tourism.

There is even an attempt to substantiate the development of tourist and recreational tourism, which is aimed at achieving several goals at the same time: recreation, knowledge, and health improvement. In this case, vacationers who come to the resort with the main goal of undergoing medical procedures are cited as an example. But at the same time, tourists also make excursions around the resort, go in for sports: trekking, swimming, fitness, and also visit entertainment venues: casinos, bowling alleys, discos. It would be more appropriate to call this species mixed or actually recreational.

Another classification is related to the area in which it is carried out, in this case, they distinguish:

• mountain;
• nautical;
• forest,
• rural,
• industrial,
• jailoo,
• speleotourism.

According to the method of movement, hiking, automobile, air tourism, railway, bicycle, water, mountain, ski and other types of recreational tourism are distinguished. There are other classifications, but those listed fully characterize the concept of recreational tourism.

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Health tourism

One of the most widespread in the world is recreational and health tourism. In order to improve their health, people go to resorts where they receive special treatment, and also improve their health due to the characteristics of the area: air, water, mud, etc. The features of this type of tourism are that the duration of the tour cannot be less than 3 weeks. Staying at a resort is always an impressive financial cost, since the tour includes not only treatment, but also accommodation and fare. Spa treatment is mainly consumed by tourists of the older age group, when health begins to suffer greatly.

appears today the new kind health-improving recreational tourism is preventive and sanatorium tours. Their goal may be to prevent any diseases, as well as to receive a course of procedures aimed at rejuvenating the body, relieving stress, and relaxing. There is also such a variety of this type of tourism as cosmetic tourism. As part of the tour, people receive a set of procedures aimed at improving the condition of the skin and body.

Cultural tourism

Cognitive recreational tourism is a huge variety of various subspecies. The fact is that cultural needs can be met with the help of a variety of objects: museums, attractions, events. According to the subject, educational tourism is also divided into many varieties: artistic, historical, literary, ethnographic, natural history and others. The development of a tourism product that satisfies such needs of the traveler should arouse his curiosity. Satisfying it, a person experiences pleasure, in addition, a person replenishes his spiritual strength.

Sports tourism

This type of travel is also called active tourism. As part of such tours, people cover long distances on foot, on skis, on horseback, in kayaks or catamarans. The purpose of such tourism is to enjoy physical activity, as well as the fight against stress, replenish mental strength. Sports tourism is associated with overcoming various obstacles, including overcoming oneself, one's fears. Recreational sports tourism should not be confused with mere sports tourism, in which people compete to overcome various obstacles. In this perspective, tourism ceases to be a means of replenishing resources, it becomes close to professional tourism.

Recreational tourism system

Since recreational tourism faces many tasks, its organization is also associated with a whole range of different activities. The organization of recreational tourism includes the following stages:

• selection of a recreational direction and assessment of its potential and resources;
• route development;
• compiling a list of necessary tourism products and their suppliers;
• compiling a list of possible additional products and services on the tour.

All these stages should find expression in the tourist service program. In addition, the organization of tourism includes providing the tourist with the necessary infrastructure: transport, accommodation and food. Staffing is also required. Recreational tourism is a specific area of ​​human activity. To meet the needs of tourists, qualified personnel are needed: doctors and other medically competent employees for health tourism, trained guides for educational tourism, instructors and trainers for sports tourism.

Types, forms and backbone factors

Recreational tourism is considered as a form active tourism as part of physical recreation with certain restrictions on physical activity.

The purpose of my work is to characterize recreational tourism, as well as to consider its impact on human life and activities.

The object of the study is active recreational activities.

Recreational tourism

Recreational tourism is the movement of people in their free time for the purpose of rest, necessary to restore the physical and mental strength of a person. For many countries of the world, this type of tourism is the most widespread and massive. For the development of this type of tourism, recreational resources are needed.

Recreational resources constitute the most important part of the natural potential of the region. In addition, their role in the formation and development modern tourism in the region is constantly increasing, especially from an ecological and geographical point of view.

Recreational resources are assessed on the basis of a factor-by-factor assessment of each of the components: relief, water bodies and soil and vegetation cover, bioclimate, hydro-mineral and unique natural healing resources, historical and cultural potential, considered from the point of view of using it by a specific type of tourism.

Recreational tourism can be divided into several types:

1. Tourist and recreational type;

2. Cognitive-tourist type.

Each type requires its own type of recreational resources. Recreational resources are understood as a complex managed and partially self-governing system, consisting of a number of interrelated subsystems, namely: vacationers, natural and cultural territorial complexes, technical systems, service personnel and a governing body. The composition of natural characteristics includes the area and capacity of the recreational area, climate comfort, the presence of water bodies, primarily of balneological properties, aesthetic features of the landscape, etc. The optimal combination of these characteristics creates the necessary basis for the development of recreational tourism.

For the first type, these are climatic factors, which, in combination with mineral water springs and therapeutic mud, create favorable conditions for the formation of a resort complex. For the second, in addition to the above - the historical and cultural potential. In territorial terms, several main recreational zones can be distinguished. Forest-steppe, forest, mountainous and coastal zones have opportunities for organizing both mass recreation and tourism, as well as medical and rehabilitation resort holidays almost all year round.

Recreational activities of the first type can be called passive. These include sunbathing and air baths alone. They are usually carried out on the beach. The people are naked. This type of recreation makes strict demands on the weather.

The second type is active recreation: walks, sports games, etc. From passive recreation, active is distinguished, firstly, by the fact that physical activity causes increased heat production. Secondly, during active recreation, people are usually dressed. And although in this case light clothing with a level of thermal protection of 0.5-1.0 clo is usually used, in combination with increased heat production, this makes more comfortable low temperatures air than for passive recreation. Weather requirements are less stringent compared to passive recreation.

The program for organizing this type of tourism should be multifunctional: recreation, leisure and recreational activities, a health program that can raise the vitality of vacationers, satisfy their spiritual and emotional needs.

The system-forming factors of recreational tourism are distinguished:

A change of scenery;

Ensuring sufficient muscle activity;

Stimulation of natural immunity - the body's immunity to pathogenic bacteria.

A change of scenery is associated with a person's "exit" from everyday, monotonous and therefore already tiring conditions of life, ensuring the switching of the neuro-emotional sphere to new objects of the external environment, distracting him from the tiring and sometimes negative influences of everyday life. Hiking trips and travels that take the city dweller to a new landscape and climatic environment are associated with direct contact with nature.

Recreational tourism is used to improve the reliability of life in the daily conditions of an already developed habitat.

The main objectives of recreational tourism are:

1. Harmonious physical development and promotion of all-round human development

2. health promotion and disease prevention

3. providing a good rest of different ages and professions

4. maintaining high performance

5. achieving active creative longevity

Recreational tourism

Recreational tourism is the movement of people in their free time for the purpose of rest, necessary to restore the physical and mental strength of a person. For many countries of the world, this type of tourism is the most widespread and massive. For the development of this type of tourism, recreational resources are needed. Recreational resources constitute the most important part of the natural potential of the region. In addition, their role in the formation and development of modern tourism in the region is constantly increasing, especially from an ecological and geographical point of view.

Recreational resources are assessed on the basis of a factor-by-factor assessment of each of the components: relief, water bodies and soil and vegetation cover, bioclimate, hydro-mineral and unique natural healing resources, historical and cultural potential, etc.), considered from the point of view of its use by a specific type of tourism.

Recreational tourism can be divided into several types:

Tourist and recreational type

Cognitive-tourist type

Each type requires its own type of recreational resources. Recreational resources are understood as a complex managed and partially self-governing system, consisting of a number of interrelated subsystems, namely: vacationers, natural and cultural territorial complexes, technical systems, service personnel and a governing body. The composition of natural characteristics includes the area and capacity of the recreational area, climate comfort, the presence of water bodies, primarily of balneological properties, aesthetic features of the landscape, etc. The optimal combination of these characteristics creates the necessary basis for the development of recreational tourism.

For the first type, these are climatic factors, which, in combination with mineral water springs and therapeutic mud, create favorable conditions for the formation of a resort complex. For the second, in addition to the above - the historical and cultural potential. Territorially, in Russian Federation there are several main recreational areas. Forest-steppe, forest, mountain and coastal zones have opportunities for organizing both mass recreation and tourism, and medical and rehabilitation resort holidays almost all year round. Let's take a closer look at the coastal mountain zone. The coastal zone mainly includes the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to Sochi, and the mountainous Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. Biomedical assessment of climate and weather conditions at seaside resorts is based on the identification of opportunities various kinds rehabilitation and recreational activities in these conditions. The main types of climatic and recreational activities in seaside resorts are aerotherapy (breathing sea air, air baths), thalassotherapy (sea bathing), heliotherapy (general solar radiation and their special types), kinesitherapy. The latter includes walks along the seashore, sports games on the beach, active swimming, rowing and other activities. water sports. Combinations of these types of recreational activities are common. So, when staying on the beach, aero-helio-thalasso-kinesis effects are usually combined. Walks along the shore are aero-kineso- or aero-helio-kineso-influences, etc. Despite the noted diversity and complexity of recreation, two main types of recreation can be distinguished, depending on climatic and weather conditions in different ways. Recreational activities of the first type can be called passive. These include sunbathing and air baths alone. They are usually carried out on the beach. The people are naked. This type of recreation makes strict demands on the weather. The second type is active recreation: walks, sports games, etc. From passive recreation, active is distinguished, firstly, by the fact that physical activity causes increased heat production. Secondly, during active recreation, people are usually dressed. And although in this case light clothing with a thermal protection level of 0.5-1.0 klo is usually used, in combination with increased heat production, this makes lower air temperatures comfortable than for passive recreation. Weather requirements are less stringent compared to passive recreation. Let's consider each zone separately.

Black Sea coast of the Caucasus

The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus really deserves only superlatives in assessing its recreational potential. It is characterized by exceptionally high saturation with cognitive objects, both natural and cultural-historical. Here there are the most favorable conditions for health improvement and sports tourism. The 350-kilometer strip of the coast is almost entirely built up with sanatoriums, boarding houses, tourist camps and hotels - the density of recreation infrastructure is the highest in Russia. All this predetermines the all-Russian and international significance of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and allows it to successfully perform health-improving, educational, sports and therapeutic functions.

Location

From the Kerch Strait to the border with Abkhazia, along the Black Sea coast stretches the most popular area for recreation, treatment and tourism in Russia - the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The coast of the Caucasus is the only place in our country where the warm sea, picturesque palm trees and high mountains coexist. Therefore, here, on the narrow edge of the subtropical sea coast between the mountains and the sea, millions of people annually come together, thirsty for sea bathing, hot sun and southern beauties. Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Sochi - these alluring names are always associated with health and the best rest.

The Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is the southern outpost of Russia. It is located at the same geographical latitude (43° -45° N. latitude) as the resorts of the Adriatic, the Italian and French Riviera and in many respects resembles them in its appearance.

Administratively, this region includes Tuapse, Gelendzhik districts. Krasnodar Territory, resort towns.

Sochi, Anapa.

Climate, weather

The most important resort factor Black Sea coast Caucasus - humid subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type. The period with the most comfortable rest weather conditions lasts here from May 7 - 10 to October 20 - 25. During these periods, during each month, more than 20 days are observed with the most favorable weather for rest and treatment: air temperature and humidity, wind speed and precipitation, cloudiness and sunshine are in the optimal ratio for a person: the sun shines 2200 - 2400 hours a year, during the warm period there are only 8-12 cloudy days. The Black Sea chain of ridges of the Greater Caucasus surrounds the coastal strip like an amphitheater, protecting it from the penetration of cold winds from the north and east. On the contrary, moist sea air comes freely from the west, softening the winter cold and summer heat. Along with cyclones, a large amount of precipitation comes here from the sea.

The climate of the Black Sea region is characterized by mild, unstable weather, rainy winters with average monthly air temperatures of +2, +8 ° С and very warm - with temperatures of +20, +24 ° С - summer, during which stable clear or slightly cloudy dry weather prevails. Daytime temperatures even in winter sometimes rise to +15, +20° С, and in summer - up to + 30, + 32° С. However, the heat is easily tolerated, thanks to the breezes and the proximity of the mountains. Average annual air temperatures - +12, +14° С - are the highest in Russia.

The annual amount of precipitation increases from 600 - 700 mm in the north to 1500 - 1600 mm in the south of the Black Sea region, and even up to 2500 mm on the slopes of the mountains. But this should not confuse vacationers: most of the precipitation falls during the cold season - from November to March. The driest months are May, June, July. Moreover, in summer the rain does not cause much trouble - 1-2 hours of warm rain with a thunderstorm, and the sun shines again. After rain, the air is filled with the aroma of refreshed flowers and the tart, healing smell of pine and cypress needles.

The shores of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are characterized by weak indentation, simplicity and smooth outlines. In many places there are abrasion (eroded) coasts. Such, for example, is the section between Sochi and Matsesta. With the erosion of the coast and landslides, an active struggle is being waged. Breakwaters, protective walls, groins - a distinctive feature of coastal landscapes. In some places, the spurs of mountain ranges approach directly to the coast, forming capes protruding into the sea and bizarre rocks: Utrish, Indokopas, Kodosh, Sail, Kiseleva rock - interesting objects constantly visited by tourists. Between Anapa and Khosta there are many rias bays, which arose as a result of the lowering of the coast and filled with sediment from numerous mountain rivers. Coastal marine pebbly plains, advanced into the sea in the form of wide flat capes (Adlerovsky, Sochi-Bytkh), are also formed as a result of the accumulating activity of rivers, which carry a huge mass of detrital material from the mountains. Life-friendly rias coasts and wide capes are almost entirely built up and occupied by lush evergreen subtropical vegetation.

North of Anapa, the coast is different. Low sandy estuary shores are common here. Some of the estuaries managed to lace up sandy spits, and turn into salt lakes. The Blagoveshchenskaya and Bugazskaya spits are unique natural formations in the north of the region. A little further north, on the southern steep bank Taman Peninsula, capes Panagia, Iron Horn and ancient Tmutarakan located between them are of great interest to tourists.

The features of the Black Sea beaches are associated with the nature of the coasts. From Adler to Olginka, almost everywhere, gravel and pebble beaches stretch in a strip of 20 to 80 meters. Between Gelendzhik and Anapa, narrow pebble beaches predominate, and to the north of Anapa, yellow sandy and white beaches sparkle in the sun. shell beaches, wide and very comfortable for families with children. Where rocks and piles of stone blocks of boulders come straight to the water, there are no natural beaches. But even here, in the sections Divnomorskoe - Dzhankhot, Dzhubga - Agria, Loo - Dagomys can always be found among the rocks comfortable descent to the sea and hide on a rocky or pebbly patch. Such an intimate wild vacation also has its own charm.

A unique feature of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus is a dissected relief, combined with greenery and multicolored peculiar vegetation. Green vegetation, bright colors of flowers and fruits, dissected relief together create a unique landscape diversity, have a beneficial, calming effect on a person. The mountains themselves and the natural objects associated with them: rocks, gorges, sinkholes and caves, waterfalls on mountain rivers - attract climbers, speleologists, hikers. Low narrow leveled areas near the sea are occupied by Colchis chestnut forests with evergreen undergrowth and an abundance of exotic subtropical plants: palm trees, yucca, acacia, magnolias, lianas. In the north of the region, rich herb steppes approach directly to the sea. Everywhere there are orchards and vineyards, plantations of citrus, tea, tung.

Often, right at the sea coast, among the villages and urban areas, individual low (400 - 800 m) mountains and short ridges rise, covered with majestic oak and hornbeam forests: Plyakho, Flatakh, Mosye, Suetkha, Akhun. At a distance of 10-20 km from the sea, ridges of medium height (800-200 m) stretch: Alek, Iegosh, Amuko, Tkhab, on the slopes of which beech and spruce-fir forests grow. Ridges and individual massifs of high mountains of the Main Caucasian Range rise even further in the east: Chugush (3238 m), Achishkho (2391 m), Fisht (2867 m). From the observation platforms you can see rocky peaks and glaciers located on the slopes. Snow-covered mountain slopes in the vicinity of Krasnaya Polyana can be used for skiing from November to May.

The diversity of the flora of this region is striking. About 6,000 plant species grow here. Among them there are more than a hundred such plants that are found only in the Black Sea region. These are, for example, yew, boxwood, Pitsunda pine. There are also many relic plants here - witnesses of bygone geological epochs - cherry laurel, Pontic rhododendron, Colchis holly. These and many other amazing plants can be admired in numerous parks and squares of coastal cities, during excursions to arboretums and forest parks, to the unique Khosta yew-boxwood grove.

Resorts

The resort of Sochi is a seaside, balneo-climatic, foothill resort in the humid subtropics region. It occupies the Black Sea coastal strip of the Krasnodar Territory for 145 km. The Sochi resort includes Adler, Khostinsky, Central and Lazarevsky districts. Summer is very warm, average July temperature is +23°C, autumn is warmer than spring, partly cloudy, long; the winter is very mild, without stable snow cover. The sea bathing season lasts more than five months a year, from the end of May to October, the sea water temperature reaches +26 +28 ° C in August. In the Sochi region, the sea never freezes, and the sea water temperature exceeds the air temperature for seven months (September-March).

The resorts of the Tuapse region are coastal climatic resort areas located along the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from northwest to southeast, with a length of about 100 km. They include resorts and resort areas - Agoy, Gizel-Dere, Dzhubga, Lermontovo, Novomikhailovsky, Nebug, Olginka, Shepsi. Here wonderful climate: subtropical, Mediterranean type, moderately humid, mountain slopes protect the coast from dry steppe winds. Summer is hot in August +23°C.

Resort Gelendzhik is a climatic, seaside, balneological, foothill resort of the Mediterranean type. Includes resorts and resort areas - Arkhipo-Osipovka, Betta, Gelendzhik, Divnomorskoye, Dzhanhot, Kabardinka, Krinitsa. The climate is seaside with a combination of foothills, warm. Winter here is milder and warmer than in Novorossiysk, and summer is drier than in Sochi. Summers are hot (+24°C in July) with a predominance of cloudy weather (the number of days without sun is 41!), autumns are warm, and winters are very mild. The almost constant cloudlessness of the sky and the purity of the air make the sunlight especially bright. bathing season starts in May and ends in October. The coastline is narrow rocky or pebbly. The seabed is rocky and flat. Bathing season from May to October.

Anapa resort is a seaside, mud, foothill climatic resort of the Mediterranean type. Includes resorts and resort areas - Anapa, Blagoveshchenskoye, Bimlyuk, Vityazevo, Dzhemete, Sukko-B. Utrish. The resort of Anapa is located in the northwestern part of the huge resort area of ​​the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and is a seaside-foothill, flat steppe area. The width of the beaches ranges from 60 to 400 meters and stretches for more than 40 km along the Black Sea coast. The bottom of the sea is flat and sandy. During the summer months, the duration of sunshine per day averages over 10 hours. Average annual quantity sunny days reaches 280. The consequence of this is the good warming of sandy beaches and water in the coastal part of the sea in the summer and autumn months. The swimming season in Anapa usually starts from the end of May and lasts until October. Sea bathing, as well as air, sun, sea and sand baths, along with mud therapy and Semigorsk iodine-bromine, hydrochloric-alkaline mineral water, are the main therapeutic agents, give a good charge of vivacity. The natural and climatic conditions of the environs of Anapa make it possible to grow the best medicinal grape varieties rich in glucose, vitamins and mineral salts.

Caucasian Mineral Waters

In the vicinity of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody quite a few wonderful places which attract attention with the beauty of nature, climate, historical and natural monuments, interesting tourist routes. People are attracted to these places by the proximity of mountain peaks, amazingly beautiful intermountain valleys with elegant vegetation, fresh alpine meadows, noisy azure-blue waterfalls, swift transparent rivers, an abundance of mineral springs, exceptionally clean, always cool air, saturated with phytoncides, with a tart smell of resin. and needles. Of particular interest are places associated with the names of the classics of Russian literature - M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy and others.

Valley of Narzanov

The Narzanov Valley is located 34 km south of Kislovodsk, in the foothills of the Rocky Range of the Greater Caucasus, in the valley of the Khasaut River (a tributary of the Malka River, which flows into the Terek), at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level, on the border between the Stavropol Territory and the Kabardino-Balkarian autonomous republic. The road from Kislovodsk to the Narzanov Valley passes along the Kabardian Range with rich subalpine meadows, through the village of Kichi-Balyk (little fish), then along the Bermamyt plateau. Before descending into the tract of the Khasaut River, a wonderful view of Elbrus opens up, striking in its grandeur and beauty. The Narzanov Valley is bounded from the north by the steep and very picturesque slopes of the Rocky Range, from the south by the slopes of the Kharbaz Range, from the east by a rocky ridge, and in the west by the valley of the Khasaut River. At the entrance to the Narzanov Valley from the Bermamyt Plateau there is a hostel "Valley of Narzanov", a canteen, a shop. There are 17 mineral water springs of the Narzan type in the Narzanov Valley. Their water belongs to carbonic bicarbonate-chloride sodium-calcium with mineralization up to 3.3 g/l and carbon dioxide content up to 2.2 g/l. Water temperature 10.4 °C. The springs are heavily aerated with carbon dioxide, the water flow is colored in a rusty color of iron hydroxide.

The climate in the Narzanov Valley is temperate continental. Winters are mild, with unstable snow cover. The average January temperature is -5 °С. Summers are warm with frequent rains. The average temperature in August is 20 °C. Precipitation falls about 700 mm per year. The high duration of sunshine (over 2000 hours per year), a large number of sunny days, especially in autumn and winter, high air transparency create here a microclimate that is rare in terms of healing properties.

In the relief of the Narzanov Valley, the features of a mountain landscape are clearly expressed, which are distinguished by their peculiar beauty. Subalpine meadows, forests, mineral springs, and a river coexist here. Through the Valley of Narzanov there is a path to the warm mineral spring Dzhily-Su, located at the foot of Elbrus, and further to Baksan, through Kyrtyk-Aush. From the Narzan Valley you can go to the waterfalls on the Khasaut and Musht rivers, to the mouth of the Malka, to Lahran, to the horizon of Harbaz. Favorable climatic conditions allow hiking and excursions to the Narzanov Valley almost at any time of the year.

Dombai

Dombay is a climatic recreational area located in a mountain basin at the foot of the northern slope of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, at an altitude of 1600 m above sea level, at the confluence of the Amanauz, Dombay-Ulgen and Alibek rivers, 115 km south of the railway station Dzheguta and 26 km south of the Teberda resort. Dombai glade is located on the territory of the Teberdinsky reserve. Dombay is called the "heart of the mountains". It is surrounded by mountains covered coniferous forests, mainly from fir. Dark coniferous forests and emerald greens of alpine meadows, turbulent rivers, waterfalls, eternal snows and glaciers create the unique beauty of this area. Mountains surround the Dombay glade from all sides. The highest peak - Mount Dombay-Ulgen (Killed bison, 4046 m) is covered with eternal snows and glaciers. On the opposite side of the Dombai glade rises the tetrahedral top of the rock Belaly-Kaya (Striped Mountain), surrounded by wide light veins of quartz; to the left - Black Tooth Sofruju (Watershed). In the depths of the gorge, the formidable walls of Amanauz are visible. In the foreground there is the multi-headed ridge of Dzhuguturlu-Chata (Abode of tours), the pointed peak of Ine (Igla).

The climate in the Dombai basin is slightly continental, with a large number of sunny days, an abundance of ultraviolet radiation, and exceptional air purity. The winter is long, the average temperature in January is from -5 °С to -7 °С, the snow depth is up to 1.5 m. The summer is cool, the average temperature in July is 13 °С. During the year falls from 1000 to 1600 mm of precipitation. The duration of sunshine is 1420 hours per year. mountain climate can be used for climatotherapy throughout the year.

Natural healing factors and tourism.

Mineral waters brought to the surface by drilling, which are carbonic hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium-calcium waters and contain up to 2.2 g/l of carbon dioxide and up to 50 mg/l of silicic acid, are also a natural healing factor. Dombay is the center of tourism and mountaineering in the Caucasus. The tourist base has been operating since 1925. For skiers and vacationers on the slope of Mount Mussa-Achitara (Kovary Range), a double-seat cable car with a length of almost 1900 m, as well as two drag towing cable cars, have been laid. There is a ski station and a hotel on Mount Mussa-Achitara. In the gorge of the Alibek River, at the foot of the glacier, there is ski resort"Alibek".

Teberda

Teberda is located at an altitude of 1260-1300 m above sea level, in the valley of the Teberda River, at the confluence of the Jamagat and Muhu rivers. Teberda is known as a resort town and a place of active tourism. Teberlinskaya tourist base is the starting point for tourist routes, not only passing through the territory of the Teberdinsky Reserve, but also leading beyond it. The most popular of them are to the Shumka waterfall, to the narzan springs in the gorge of the Goraly-Kol River, around the Kel-Bashi (Peak above the lake), to the tops of the Lysaya and Malaya Khatipara mountains, to the Baduk, Murundzhinsky, Khadzhibiysky and Azgeksky lakes, to the Klukhorsky pass , Dombay glade, Alibek and other places. The Teberda river basin is an area state reserve, organized in 1936. The area of ​​the reserve is 69.5 thousand hectares. His northern border passes along the Muhu and Jamagat rivers, the southern one - along the watershed line of the Main Caucasian Range from the peak of Klukhor-Bashi to the peak of Dzhalov-Chat. The Arkhyz forestry of the Bolshoi Zelenchuk river basin is part of the Teberdinsky Reserve. There are 85 glaciers here. A museum of the Teberdinsky Reserve is organized on the territory of the resort, here the main representatives of the wildlife of the reserve live in enclosures: Caucasian red deer, roe deer, wild boar, brown bear, marten, Caucasian otter, lynx, Caucasian great weasel, forest cat and others. Of the birds, there are woodpeckers, crossbill, bullfinch, vulture, buzzards, golden eagles.

Healing factors

Main healing factors resort Teberda are mild climate, conducive to climate therapy throughout the year, and mineral water. Favorable climatic conditions of Teberda have long attracted the attention of medical scientists. In 1910, the congress of Russian doctors decided on the need for a detailed meteorological and physical-geographical study of the Teberda Valley in order to create a mountain-climatic resort, and in 1925 the first sanatorium for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was opened in former private dachas. Subsequently, many sanatorium buildings were built.

Arkhyz

Arkhyz is a climatic resort and recreational area located in the valley of the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River (a tributary of the Kuban), at an altitude of 1450 m on the Arkhyz site of the Teberdinsky Reserve. The area is picturesque, surrounded by high and steep mountain ranges, of which Mount Sofia (3638 m), Cheget-Chat (2940 m), Uzhum ridges stand out. Arkasara, Abishira-Akhuba, Ekhresku (an average height of 2500 m), Mount Kosaya (2749 m), etc. The area is strongly dissected by a dense network of rivers. The main water artery is the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River with tributaries, Sophia, Belaya and others. In the vicinity of Arkhyz there are about 60 mountain lakes, which are of rare beauty. An unforgettable impression is left by the Sofia Glacier, from under which 12 waterfalls fall from a height of 120 m.

Flora and fauna.

The Arkhyz valley is rich in vegetation. More than 140 species of shrubs and trees are represented here. Large pine forests and fir-spruce massifs untouched by felling are preserved in the protected area. In the upper reaches of the Kizgych River, a 700-year-old patriarch, a fir, grows. Among tree species, there are such rare plants as laurel cherry, Caucasian blueberry, Caucasian fir, etc. The upper border of the forest is closed by a stunted birch, which is replaced by thickets of rhododendron and rich subalpine meadows. Even higher is the belt of alpine meadows, which reaches the border of eternal snows and glaciers. The valley is inhabited by: Caucasian deer, bear, roe deer, tour, chamois, bison, wild boar, wolf, lynx, fox, hare, Wild cat, squirrel, etc. There are more than 120 species of birds, among which rare species are of great interest: black vulture, griffon vulture, golden eagle, bearded vulture.

A distinctive feature of the Arkhyz area is a favorable climate - continental, moderately mild. mountain ranges reliably protect the valley from the winds. It's almost always windless here. The average monthly temperature in January is -5 °С. Snow cover lasts from December to March. Spring is late, cool, with unstable weather. Summer is moderately warm, average monthly temperature July 14-16 °С. Autumn is long, dry and sunny. A large number of sunny days, clean air, moderate humidity create favorable conditions for climatotherapy. In the Arkhyz valley, carbonic mineral waters have been explored and brought to the surface, which can also be used for medicinal purposes.

Arkhyz is the starting point for many tourist routes: to the valleys of the Sofia, Kizgych, Arkhyz rivers, to the Devil's Mill tract, to Sofiysky and Arkasar lakes, to waterfalls through the passes of the Main Caucasian Range, to Teberda, Dombay and other areas of the Western and Central Caucasus. Climatic conditions, abundance of snow, relief favor the development of skiing in the Arkhyz region. The valley of the Bolshoi Zelenchuk River is rich not only in the beauties of nature. Various tribes and peoples have long settled here, displacing and replacing each other, among which were the Scythians, Sarmatians, Meots, Huns, Alans, Bulgarians, Byzantines, Arabs, Cumans, Tatars, Adygs, etc. Many historical and cultural monuments have been preserved that reflect rich past. In Arkhyz, you can see the ruins of ancient settlements and temples of the 10th-11th centuries. Magnificent monuments of architecture.

Baksan Gorge

The Baksan gorge is the famous gorge of the Central Caucasus, leading to the foot of Mount Elbrus. The path to this gorge first passes through the poorly forested area of ​​the Pasture and Rocky Ranges through the villages of Zhankhoteko, Lashkuty, after which the landscape becomes especially attractive. Sheer gray and whitish-yellow walls of limestone hang on one side, on the other, the Baksan River roars under a cliff. Behind the gorge of Shat-Bawat is one of the sections of the Northern Depression - a wide, sun-drenched valley. Behind the village of Byly, the gorge shrinks again, the mountains surrounding it become steeper and higher. The outlines of the mountains are more strict and angular. Here the Baksan Gorge is crossed by the Lateral Caucasian Range, composed of darker crystalline rocks. Outside the town of Tyrnyauz, the gorge is covered with a pine forest. From here begins the most impressive part of the route. The road ends at the village of Terskol, located at the foot of Elbrus. Here begin climbing routes to Elbrus and other mountains. From the Baksan gorge you can get to the picturesque Adyr-Su gorge, which rests on the Main (Dividing) ridge with the peaks of the mountains Ullu-Tau-Chan (4203 m), Cheget-Tau-Chan (4100 m) and others, from which several glaciers slide. In the Adyr-Su gorge pine forest near the glaciers there are climbing camps Jayla and Ullu-Tau. From the Baksan gorge there is a path to the beautiful gorges of Adyl-Su, Irik, Itkol, Yusengi, Donguz-Orun. Terskol and others. An interesting view of Elbrus from the foot to its peaks opens from the Itkol gorge.

In the Elbrus region there are comfortable multi-storey hotels "Itkol", "Cheget". Azau. The most accessible, picturesque and frequently visited gorges are Adyl-Su, Shkhelda. The picturesque mountain peaks of these gorges are covered with snow and attract with their beauty. In the Baksan gorge, the forest stretches to the Azau glade (2300 m). The upper reaches of the Baksan Gorge are surrounded from the northwest and south by a ridge of snowy mountains, from which numerous glaciers slide down. A large camp site was built in the Terskol village. From the Azau glade, you can climb the pendulum passenger cable car to Stary Krugozor (2960 m), the Mir station (3500 m). Two chairlifts can lift skiers to Cheget Peak. The upper station "Cheget-11" is located at an altitude of 3100 m.

Theme parks

Random tourism has already destroyed a lot unique corners nature. Therefore, the process of recreation as a kind of nature management has to be managed. Preservation and development of specially protected natural areas (parks) is one of the priorities of the state environmental and recreational policy of the Russian Federation. Specially protected natural areas are designed to preserve typical and unique natural landscapes, animal diversity and flora, protection of natural and cultural heritage. Completely or partially withdrawn from economic use, they have a special protection regime, and protected zones or districts with a regulated regime can be created on adjacent land and water areas. economic activity. Specially protected natural territories are objects of national heritage.

There are the following main categories of these territories:

– state nature reserves, including biosphere reserves;

- National parks;

– natural parks;

– state nature reserves;

– monuments of nature;

– dendrological parks and botanical gardens;

– health-improving areas and resorts.

In this work, we will pay attention only to national, natural, dendrological parks and botanical gardens. National parks. National parks territories are declared that include natural complexes and objects of special ecological, historical and aesthetic value and intended for use in environmental, educational, scientific, cultural purposes and for regulated tourism.

The state system of national parks of the Russian Federation began to take shape relatively recently, the first national park Russian Federation "Sochi" was formed in 1983, "Alania" in 1998 in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. natural parks. Natural parks of regional importance are a relatively new category of specially protected natural areas in Russia. Natural parks are environmental recreational institutions under the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of significant environmental and aesthetic value, and are intended for use in environmental, educational and recreational purposes.

Botanical gardens and dendrological parks.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", botanical gardens and dendrological parks are a separate independent category of objects with a special regime of protection and operation. IN last years the network of botanical gardens and dendrological parks in Russia continued to expand, primarily due to gardens located in the territories of resort areas and recreational facilities.

Botanical Garden of the Kuban State University15.51972 Krasnodar

Botanical Garden of the Kuban State Agrarian University 73.01959 Krasnodar

Botanical Garden of the Pyatigorsk Pharmaceutical Academy 8.51949 Pyatigorsk

Arboretum of the Caucasian Research Institute Gorlesekol 10.01892 Sochi

Botanical Garden "White Nights" 8.51982 Sochi

Stavropol Botanical Garden NPO "Niva Stavropol" 113.71959 Stavropol

Arboretum of the state farm "Giaginsky"140.01971

Krasnodar Territory,

settlement potter

Mountain Botanical Garden RAS 30,01986 Makhachkala

The parks themselves can be divided by theme. These are forest parks, parks of culture and recreation, resort parks. Consider this division on the example of the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

At the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, much attention is paid to landscaping. The State Research Institute of Balneology found that the forest in the area where mineral waters are formed contributes to an increase in the flow rate of the springs. The Soviet government adopted a resolution on the establishment of mechanized forestries in the resorts of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody in order to expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bgreen spaces, care and protect them in the field of nutrition of mineral springs. Currently, there are three mechanized forestries operating in the resorts of the KMV: Kislovodsky (forested area 13,126 ha), Essentuksky (3,515 ha), and Beshtaugorsky (12,306 ha). Forest plantations cover the valleys and ravines of the rivers of the Bermamyt plateau, the spurs of the Dzhinalsky ridge, the Borgustan plateau, the slopes of the laccolith mountains of Mashuk, Beshtau, Zheleznaya, Razvalka and others. The forest park with a continuous strip of greenery connects the resort areas of Pyatigorsk and Zheleznovodsk.

Beshtaugorsky forest park.

The Beshtaugorsk forest park has been declared a nature reserve. It is a favorite place for recreation, walks and recursions for vacationers and local residents of resort cities. It is the largest in area. The main tree species of this forest park are ash (53%), hornbeam (20%), oak (17%), beech (7%), coniferous and walnut massifs are planted, birch trees are used as decorative ornaments. The slopes of the mountains-laccoliths stand out botanically. The upper part of Mount Beshtau is occupied by meadow steppes, on the northern slope close to subalpine meadows. Here you can find lovely primrose, saxifrage bell, yellow rhododendron - azalea, blood-red geranium, mountain and alpine clover, Austrian snakehead, common meadowsweet. On the slopes of the mountains grow drooping birch, mountain ash, Caucasian honeysuckle, gooseberry, raspberry, blackberry, hawthorn, dogwood, walnut and hazelnut. Of the rare plants in this area, there are proleskovidnaya pushkinia, monofraternal lily, arched avian, Caucasian ash-tree, hard hogweed, fragrant carnation, white-leaved cornflower. All these plants are subject to special protection. On the territory of the Beshtaugorsky forest park there is a small Perkalsky nursery founded in 1879. More than 800 different types of woody, shrubby and herbaceous plants are grown here. In the Beshtaugor forest park there are a number of sanatoriums, including children's: "Solnechny", "Salute"; children's health camps Solnechny, Salyut, named after Lermontov, Raduga, Eagle Rocks; health path routes, walking paths are laid, recreation areas are allocated, there are retail outlets and catering establishments.

Attractions of the forest park

The following attractions are located in the Beshtaugor forest park: Eolian harp. Failure, a monument at the site of the duel of M.Yu. Lermontov, a rock portrait of V.I. Lenin, a memorial Military Glory , a monument to A.V. Pastukhov, etc. The Zheleznovodsk resort park is part of the general Beshtaugorsky forest park. Luxurious and diverse vegetation, in which all the streets of the resort area are buried, distinguish Zheleznovodsk from other resorts. The park covers the slopes of the Zheleznaya, Beshtau, and Razvalka mountains. In the park, in the valley part and on the slopes of the mountains, well-maintained health path routes are laid, equipped with signs indicating the station number, the length of the route, and the height of places above sea level. On the routes there are indications of places of rest, the location of medical centers, drinking fountains, cultural and other objects. In the park there are mineral springs Smirnovsky, Slavyanovsky, Nezlobinsky. At the entrance to the park, the unusual building of the Pushkin Gallery attracts attention, especially beautiful against the backdrop of Iron Mountain. The park adorns the northern building of the sanatorium. Telman (former dacha of the Emir of Bukhara). An artistic cast-iron grating separates this building from the rest of the park. The park is replete with flower beds and flower beds, pleasing to the eye. The decoration of the park is the Cascade Staircase, from the top platform of which a unique panorama of the Beshtaugorsky Park and the distant peaks of the Caucasus Range opens. The cascading staircase is double-sided. In the middle of it, water flows in cascades, filling the flowing pools, decorated with sculptures. The park is also decorated with sculptures, summer pavilions, flower beds. Mountains, rocks, huge fragments of rocks, combined with amazing vegetation, create corners of nature that are unique in beauty. Parks of the resort of Pyatigorsk. The Beshtaugorsk forest park adjoins the Provalsk and Lermontov resort areas, which covers the slopes of Mount Mashuk with forest. The park consists mainly of broad-leaved tree species (ash, hornbeam, oak, beech, etc.), which cast a good shade. Even in hot weather, you can find cool corners here. In this part of the forest park, well-maintained paths are laid and terrenkur routes are highlighted. One of the walking routes goes around Mount Mashuk, connecting the Provalsk and Lermontov resort areas, through the place of the duel of M.Yu. Lermontov. Other routes are laid to the top of Mount Mashuk. All paths routes are equipped with index stands about the distance from the starting point, the height of the place above sea level; there are gazebos and benches for rest, drinking fountains. There is a cable car in the park, along which in a trailer you can climb from the Leninsky Rocks sanatorium to the top of Mount Mashuk in a matter of minutes. The forest park area is constantly being improved. Instead of ordinary tree species, more elegant and colorful species of trees and shrubs are planted: birch, chestnut, hawthorn, thuja, rose, boxwood, silver spruce, etc. Rest areas surrounded by greenery and flowers have been created.

Park of Culture and Leisure. S.M. Kirov.

In the center of Pyatigorsk there is a small Park of Culture and Leisure. S.M. Kirov, where Green theater, film lecture hall, chess and checkers and reading rooms, dance floor, attractions, planetarium, stadium, children's sports school, cafe; There is a lake in the park. In close proximity to the city resort area, at the foot of Mount Goryachaya, there is a historically established small park "Tsvetnik", immersed in greenery and flowers. The park was laid out in 1829. The decoration of the park is the Lermontov gallery of Diana's grotto, Ermolovsky and Lermontov baths. From here you can go to the sculpture of the Eagle on Mount Goryachaya, the Academic Aderey, the Lermontov Grotto. Park "Tsvetnik" is located in close proximity to the main medical institutions, sanatoriums, hotels, theaters, shops. It is visited by thousands of tourists and local residents. The Armenian and Dubrovka forests growing in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk are of recreational importance. The parks of the Essentuki resort are of great recreational and therapeutic value. The main resort park, as it were, separates the resort and urban areas.

Resort Park Essentukov

The resort park was laid out in 1848. It covers an area of ​​more than 60 hectares and is divided into Upper and Lower according to the features of the relief. Main entrance monolithic columns adorn the park. In the park itself, there are walking paths, health path routes with indication of stations, and places for recreation. IN resort park there is a drinking gallery, which is a historical and architectural monument. On the central alley is the main pavilion of Essentuki springs 4 and 1. Lower alley central park- the road of health. Three times a day it comes to life: thousands of vacationers go to the springs. Previously, separate pump-rooms functioned on the central alley, of which only pavilions have survived at present. The park houses the Upper and Lower baths, a department of mechanotherapy, an inhalation room, a physiotherapy pavilion, a chess pavilion, table tennis sports grounds, a dance floor, a summer stage with a musical shell, and a summer aerosolarium. For the convenience of vacationers, colorful pavilions have been built in the park, where souvenirs and resort essentials are sold. Diet canteens and cafes are located near the drinking springs. Light summer pavilions, fountains, grottoes, cascading staircases, and beautiful flower beds give special beauty and elegance to the park ensemble. Especially popular is the rose playground, where hundreds of bushes of various types of roses bloom in summer, fountains work. More than 100 years have passed since the first trees were planted here. Many of them have survived to this day. Much attention is paid to the improvement of the park. Here unique park ensembles from various species of trees, shrubs and flowers.

Victory Park

The second park of the Essentuki resort - Victory Park has been intensively landscaped for the last 20 years. In the once neglected park, walking paths were laid, the routes of health paths were marked. Much attention is paid to the decorative design of trees and shrubs. In the center of the park, the Eternal Flame burns in memory of the residents of the city who died in the civil and Great Patriotic wars. From the center in the radial direction there are main and secondary alleys, which creates a definite architecture of the park. The drinking pavilion of Essentuki 4 and Essentuki 17 springs, a reading room, a summer aerosolium, and attractions are located in convenient places. Reconstruction and improvement of the park continues.

Resort park of Kislovodsk

The resort park of Kislovodsk was founded in 1823 along the Olkhovka River. Now the area of ​​the park is 1340 hectares. From the city center, it rises "many kilometers into the mountains. Kislovodsk Park is divided into three parts. lower park starts from the Narzan Gallery and ends with the Rose Square and the Pine Hill. From here goes the middle park to the Temple of the Air, from which the upper park begins. At the entrance to the park there is the Narzan Gallery, near the Lermontov platform and the Colonnade. From the Narzan Gallery, the paths of the health paths begin. The park is the pearl of the resort. Shady groves, cozy meadows and alleys have become not only a favorite vacation spot for holidaymakers, but also a kind of museum of flora in the Caucasus. More than 250 species of trees and shrubs have been collected here, including pine, beech, hornbeam, ash, maple. alder, larch, spruce, etc. Great attention is paid to the decorative design of the park. The park is beautiful at any time of the year. In winter, snow cover makes it fabulously elegant, in spring many trees and shrubs bloom wildly, in summer many flowers are planted in the park, which adorn it until late autumn. On the main alley of the park, the color of the flower beds is constantly changing. Vacationers are amazed by the perfection of color drawings on the flowerbeds, the quirkiness of the shapes of the flowerbeds near the Narzan Gallery. Mirror Pond, on the Rose Square and in other places. Giant trees have been preserved in the park. The mountain river Olkhovka swiftly carries its waters under a green canopy of willows. Alder can be changeable during heavy rains. In some years, there were such severe floods that the water demolished bridges and flooded residential buildings. In recent years, the embankments of the Olkhovka River have been strengthened, artificial cascades of waterfalls have been organized. The decoration of the park are the Mirror Pond and the Glass Stream. Previously, there was a swimming pool here, now a small pool, from which a mirror-clear stream flows down in a wide ribbon. Near the Mirror Pond there is an evergreen arborvitae alley, on one side of which there is a solemnly elegant platform of mighty silver fir trees, and on the other, a flower garden surrounded by representatives of the flora of the south: Chinese wisteria, Japanese sophora, acacia, etc. Kislovodsk park extends not only along the valley the Olkhovka River, it covers the very picturesque Pine Hill, the spurs of the Dzhinalsky Range with the peaks of the Big and Small Saddles. the base of the hill abuts against the Rose Square and is covered with a dense pine forest. At the top of the hill there is a resort summer aerosolarium, attractions, cafes, gazebos for relaxation. A magnificent panorama of the city of Kislovodsk and highlands. The attraction of the park is Pervomaiskaya glade which is surrounded by a green amphitheater of mountain slopes. Song festivals and folk festivals are held here, which gather up to 100 thousand spectators. Above Pervomaiskaya glade among rare pines you can see a white pavilion - the Temple of Air. This place serves as an excellent viewing platform: the majestic Elbrus and the peaks of the Main Caucasian Range are clearly visible from here. The 34th station of the health path route ends here, there is a checkpoint in the Temple of the Air. From the Temple of the Air you can climb in 5 minutes on cable car to the top of the Blue Mountains. From here paths of the health path lead to the Red Sun, located at an altitude of 1062 m, then through the Blue Mountains to the Small (1325 m) and Big (1409 m) saddles. You can also go there along the hiking trail. Not far from the Temple of the Air is a resort-wide swimming pool under open sky, cafe, magnificent Valley of Roses. A particularly memorable place in the park is Red Stones, consisting of red sandstone, in which iron oxide is present in abundance. One of the entrances to the park is a colorful cascading staircase, decorated with waterfalls, small pools, flower beds, fountains, and a light colonnade. The park is well landscaped. On a multi-kilometer route there are cafes, bars, places of recreation, drinking fountains. The park has an important place in the health resort complex. The paths of the famous Kislovodsk health path, one of the best in the country, are laid here. Health trails are laid throughout the park, their length exceeds 70 km. In Kislovodsk, near the lake and the new residential area, there is a recreation park for citizens, where the Eternal Flame burns in memory of the soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War. The park is landscaped with walking paths and recreational areas. Posted here playground with attractions, on the shore of the lake there are cafes, a boat station. Fairs and festivities are held annually in the park on the shore of the lake. In the vicinity of Kislovodsk there are forest plantations that are of recreational and environmental importance.

Through the mountains to the sea with a light backpack. Route 30 passes through the famous Fisht - this is one of the most grandiose and significant natural monuments in Russia, the highest mountains closest to Moscow. Tourists lightly pass all the landscape and climatic zones countries from the foothills to the subtropics, overnight stays in shelters.