Czech Republic length. State structure and form of government. Titles and state symbols of the Czech Republic

Czech Republic is an inland state in Central Europe. It borders with Poland in the north, Germany in the northwest and west, Austria in the south (362 km) and Slovakia in the east. The total length of the state border of the Czech Republic is 1880 km.

The official name of the Czech Republic is the Czech Republic.

The territory of the Czech Republic - The area of ​​​​the state of the Czech Republic - 78866 km².

The population of the Czech Republic - The population of the Czech Republic is more than 10 million inhabitants (10538275 people).

Ethnic groups of the Czech Republic - The basis of the population of the Czech Republic (95%) are ethnic Czechs. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Poles and Jews.

Average life expectancy in the Czech Republic is 78.80 years.

The capital of the Czech Republic is the city of Prague. Large cities of the Czech Republic - Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen, Olomouc.

Official language Czech Republic: Czech. Belongs to the Western Slavic languages. According to the language, the Czechs belong to the West Slavic peoples. The language of central Bohemia was put at the basis of the early works of Czech writing of the 13th-14th centuries. With increasing influence in the Czech Republic catholic church, German feudal lords and the patriciate of cities, the Czech language began to be subjected to oppression in favor of the German and Latin languages. During the period of the Hussite wars, literacy and the literary Czech language became widespread among the masses. Then came the two-century decline of Czech culture under the rule of the Hagsburgs, who pursued a policy of Germanizing the subject Slavic peoples (by the middle of the 19th century, 15% of the population of the Czech Republic spoke Czech, and the possibility of taking one of the Slavic languages, in particular the Russian literary language, was considered as a literary language). The Czech language began to revive only at the end of the 18th century, its basis was the literary language of the 16th century, which explains the presence of many archaisms in the modern Czech language, in contrast to the living spoken language. The spoken language of the Czech Republic is divided into several groups of dialects: Czech, Middle Moravian and East Moravian.

Religion in the Czech Republic: Catholics - 27%, Czech Evangelical Brothers - 1%, Czech Hussites - 1%, other religions (Christian minority churches and sects, Orthodox, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, etc.) - about 3%. The majority of the Czech population considers themselves to be atheists (59%), and almost 9% find it difficult to answer the question about their religion.

Geographical position of the Czech Republic: The Czech Republic is an inland state in Central Europe. The Czech Republic borders Poland (border length 658 km) in the north, Germany in the northwest and west (border length 646 km), Austria in the south (border length 362 km) and Slovakia in the east (border length 214 km). The total length of the border is 1880 km. The Czech Republic was formed by the merger of two historical regions(Bohemia (Cechy) and Moravia (Morava)) and parts of Silesia (ceske Slezsko).

The Czech landscape is very diverse. West Side Czech Republic (Bohemia) lies in the basins of the Elbe (Labe) and Vltava (Moldau) rivers, surrounded mainly low mountains(The Sudetes and part of them - the Krkonoše), where the highest point of the Czech Republic is located - Mount Sněžka with a height of 1602 m. Moravia, East End The Czech Republic is also quite hilly and mainly lies in the basin of the Morava (March) river, and also contains the source of the Oder (Odra) river.

The rivers of the Czech Republic are the Elbe (Labe), the Vltava (Moldau), the Morava (March), the Oder (Odra). The rivers from the landlocked Czech Republic flow into three seas: the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.

Administrative-territorial division of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic consists of 13 regions and the capital:

• Prague
• Central Bohemian Region (Stredocesky kraj)
• South Bohemian Region (Jihocesky kraj)
• Pilsen Region
• Karlovy Vary Region
• Ustecky kraj
• Liberec Region
• Hradec Kralove Region
• Pardubice region
• Olomouc Region
• Moravian-Silesian Region
• Zlinsky region
• Vysochina (Vysocina)
• South Moravian Region (Jihomoravsky kraj)

Government of the Czech Republic: According to the Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy. The Czech head of state (president) is indirectly elected every five years by parliament. The President is given special powers: to propose judges to the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, to dissolve parliament under certain conditions, to veto laws. The President of the Czech Republic also appoints the Prime Minister, who sets the direction of the internal and foreign policy, as well as other members of the government cabinet on the proposal of the Prime Minister.

The Czech Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka snemovna) and the Senate (Senat). The 200 members of the House are elected for 4-year terms, on the basis of proportional representation. The 81 members of the Czech Senate serve a 6-year term, with a third of the membership being re-elected every two years based on majoritarian elections, which are held in two rounds.

The Chamber of Deputies is the main legislative body of the Czech Republic, it can raise the issue of confidence in the government (at the request of at least 50 parliamentarians). A draft law adopted by the Chamber of Deputies may not be approved by the Senate (the upper house of Parliament). Unlike the Senate, the Chamber of Deputies can be dissolved by the President before the end of the electoral term and early elections can be called.

Supreme Appellate Body - Supreme Court Czech Republic. The Czech Constitutional Court, which is responsible for constitutional matters, is appointed by the president and its members serve for 10 years.

Czech Republic or Czech Republic- state in Central Europe. It borders with Poland (border length 615 km) in the north, Germany in the northwest and west (815 km), Austria in the south (362 km) and Slovakia in the east (197 km). The capital is Prague.

The territory of the Czech Republic is 78.9 thousand square kilometers.

The Czech landscape is very diverse. The western part (Bohemia) lies in the basins of the Laba (Elbe) and Vltava (Moldau) rivers, surrounded mainly by low mountains (the Sudetes and part of them - the Krkonoše), where the highest point of the country is located - Mount Sněžka with a height of 1,602 m. Moravia, eastern part , is also quite hilly and mainly lies in the Morava (March) river basin, and also contains the source of the Odra (Oder) river. The rivers from the landlocked Czech Republic flow into three seas: the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea.

Climate

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate, transitional from maritime to continental, with pronounced seasonality. Summer is moderately hot, the average daily temperature of the hottest month (July) is +19..+21 °C. Winter is mild and humid, the average daily temperature of the coldest month (January) is −2..-4 °C. The ski season lasts from December to April.

It is difficult to single out the best time for a trip to Prague or to the country's medical resorts: they are good at any time of the year. January and February are the best months to visit the ski resorts.

Population

The population of the Czech Republic in 2009 is 10,211,904 people. Urban population: 73% of the total population.

The basis of the population of the Czech Republic (95%) are ethnic Czechs and speakers of the Czech language, which belongs to the group of West Slavic languages.

Foreigners make up about 4% of the country's population. Among immigrants, the largest diaspora in the Czech Republic is Ukrainians, who at the end of 2007 lived in the country 126,500. In second place are Slovaks (67,880), approximately 2% of the population. On the third - citizens of Vietnam (51,000). They are followed by citizens of Russia and Poland. Other ethnic groups include Germans, Gypsies, Hungarians and Jews.

Official language: Czech, German, English, French and Russian are also used.

The majority of the population classifies themselves as atheists (59%), and almost 9% find it difficult to answer the question about their religion.

Believers: Catholics - 27%, Czech Evangelical Brothers - 1%, Czech Hussites - 1%, other religions (Christian minority churches and sects, Orthodox, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists) - about 3%.

Currency

Czech koruna (CZK), 1 CZK = 100 hellers, 1 USD ~ 18.9 CZK, 1 EUR ~ 25.8 CZK.

In circulation there are coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kroons, as well as banknotes in denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 kroons.

Although the Czech Republic is a member of the EU, and is also part of the Schengen zone, the euro will start official circulation there no earlier than 2012.

Banks are open from Monday to Friday from 8:00 to 17:00, some exchange offices open on Saturdays from 9:00-12:00. When exchanging currency is charged commission fee in the amount of 1-15%, so you must first find out how much will be given out on hand, and only after that exchange.

The Czech Republic has a dense network of ATMs that accept all common international types of cards (Visa, MasterCard, Plus, Maestro, Cirrus and others). Most shops and restaurants also accept credit cards.

American Express, Thomas Cook or Visa customers will have no problem with Czech banks with traveler's checks. Eurocheque cards are also accepted everywhere.

Communication and communications

Telephone code: 420

Internet domain: .cz

Emergency numbers: police: 158, ambulance: 155, fire department: 150.

City codes

Prague - 2, Karlovy Vary - 17, Marianske Lazne - 165, Podebrady - 324, Teplice - 417.

How to call

To call the Czech Republic from Russia, dial: 8 - beep - 10 - 420 - area code - subscriber number.

To call from the Czech Republic to Russia, dial: 00 - 7 - area code - subscriber number.

To call from the Czech Republic from a landline phone to a Russian mobile phone: 00 - 7 - ten-digit subscriber number.

Fixed line

The Czech network of public payphones is one of the densest in Europe. Public telephones operate mainly with telephone cards and less often with coins. Phone cards can be purchased at the post office, at newsstands, at gas stations, and sometimes also at supermarkets. The cards are sold in denominations of 150, 300 and 500 crowns.

With O2 TRICK cards, you can send short text, voice or email messages.

mobile connection

Currently, 3 mobile operators offer their services in the Czech Republic: Vodafone, T-Mobile and Telefónica O2. All mobile networks are dual - they operate at frequencies of 900 and 1800 MHz, i.e. in the bands for which most devices are adapted.

Before you start using your mobile phone in the Czech Republic, consider whether it is more profitable for you to buy a local SIM card. In this case, your phone should be unlocked. The price of a new SIM card ranges from 300 to 2000 kroons, depending on the original loan.

Internet

Exactly like in most European countries, in the Czech Republic, connecting to the Internet is a common occurrence. You can connect at your hotel or Internet cafe.

Increasingly, you can also connect to the Internet in information centers and public libraries.

Mail

Postal services are provided by Czech Post. The level of these services is quite high and at the same time they are inexpensive. Sending a postcard or letter (up to 20 grams) to European countries costs 17 kroons, to other countries - 17-18 kroons. You can send a postcard or letter directly from the post office, or you can buy a stamp at the kiosk and drop the letter into the orange mailbox.

Czech Post website: www.cpost.cz

shopping

Store hours are from 9:00 to 18:00, on Saturdays from 9:00 to 13:00. Shops and department stores in major cities work seven days a week, usually until 22:00, and some work around the clock (for example, Tesco). Only a few small shops observe a lunch break, usually from 12:00 to 13:00.

From the Czech Republic you can bring several types of absinthe, the most incredible beer mugs, Becherovka, pomegranate jewelry (the prices are pleasing), as well as little things made of glass and crystal (Bohemian crystal is the main Czech export item).

From medical resorts you can bring Karlovy Vary salt, medical cosmetics, cups for drinking water from springs.

Where to stay

adopted in the country European classification hotels from two to five "stars", there are hotels of famous world "chains". The level of service in hotels is close to the "average European" and directly correlates with the category of the institution.

Many resorts in medical resorts rather than reminiscent of health facilities, and first-class hotels. However, hotels, almost always equipped with a good medical base, often resemble sanatoriums. Some resorts can be called "spa hotels".

Sea and beaches

beach holiday in the Czech Republic, it is represented exclusively on river beaches.

Despite the fact that you can’t swim in the Vltava due to strong currents and dirty water, everyone can relax on the beach right in the Czech capital. On the banks of the river are two sandy beach with swimming pools and volleyball courts.

First beach is located in the Smichov district on the Upper Embankment (Hořejší nábřeží). It will be open until September 30, 2009. Visitors can not only lie down in a sun lounger with a cocktail, but also visit one of the many concerts in the evening. There is also an equipped playground on the beach.

Second beach, O2 žluté lázně ("Yellow Resort"), located on the Podolské embankment in the Prague 4 district. Here, vacationers will be offered catamaran rides, volleyball, football, table tennis, a fitness corner and even a chessboard with huge pieces where you can play on open air. For children there is a small pool and playground.

Story

Historical chronicles speak of the settlement of the territory of the Czech Republic since the 1st century AD. Then various Slavic tribes gradually began to move from the Eastern lands. Later in the 6th century AD. the Slavic peoples of the Czech Republic were captured by the Avars - Tatar nomads and paid tribute to them.

In the 8th century, on the site of the future Czech Republic, a state was formed - Great Moravia. It included: Bohemia, Slovakia, part of Hungary and Poland. In the 9th century, Mojmir I became the first king.

In the 9th century, Cyril and Methodius were invited to the Czech Republic, who brought here the Slavic script - Glagolitic.

At the beginning of the XIII century. The Přemyslids once again restored the united integrity of the country, which had already acquired the status of a kingdom.

In the XIII-XIV centuries. the then kings Přemysl II and Wenceslas II conquered more and more new lands around the country.

In the XIV century. the Luxembourg dynasty began to rule, and the first king of this kind was John I. However, being constantly on military campaigns, he died in 1346.

In the 14th century, Charles IV (1346-1378), who also became emperor of the Roman Empire, began to rule the Czech Republic. The capital of the empire was quickly moved to Prague, and Czech became the official language of the Roman Empire. And in 1348 the first university was opened in Prague.

When the next king, Wenceslas IV, ruled, the Reformation began in the Czech Republic. This movement was started by Jan Hus, professor of theology and rector of Prague University. His main speeches were calls for equalizing the rights of the clergy and laity, he condemned the excessive wealth of the church, and also questioned some church postulates, for which he was executed in 1415. After that, unrest began in the Czech Republic. In 1419, several Catholic priests were killed by the Hussites and the Roman Emperor Sigismund I launched a war against the Hussites. The Hussite wars continued until 1434, when Sigismund finally defeated the rebels.

In the 16th century, during the reign of Rudolph II (1576-1611), the capital of the Roman Empire again moved to the Czech Republic. A period of prosperity and economic recovery is coming again.

Maria Theresa ruled the Czech Republic from 1740-1780. During this period, the Age of Enlightenment began in the Czech Republic. Maria Theresa's son Joseph II (1780-1790) began with grandiose reforms. Many Catholic churches and monasteries were closed, their huge wealth was confiscated. And in 1791, Joseph abolished serfdom.

In the 19th century, an economic boom began in the Czech Republic, as in many European countries.

At the beginning of the 20th century, in the First World War, the Czechs did not want to fight against Russia - Slavic country, despite the calls of Austria-Hungary. In 1918, following Russia, the monarchy also fell in the Czech Republic, a provisional government was created and a new state appeared - Czechoslovakia.

In 1939, Hitler occupied Czechoslovakia, and only in 1945 did the Soviet troops liberate it.

In 1968, the Slovak Alexander Dubcek became the ruler of Czechoslovakia, proclaiming the slogan "socialism with a human face." Censorship was abolished and political prisoners were released from prisons. As a result - the entry of Soviet troops into Prague and the removal of Dubcek. As Okudzhava wrote: "tanks move around Prague - tanks move in truth."

In 1989, after demonstrations and public statements, a multi-party government was established and Václav Havel was elected President of Czechoslovakia.

And in 1992, Slovakia separated from Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic again became the country that it had been for 1000 years.

The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and European Union in 2004

Simultaneously with the entry into the EU, the Czech Republic signed the Schengen Agreement, and from December 21, 2007 it was canceled border control on the land borders of the Czech Republic. On March 31, 2008, the control was also canceled on flights arriving from the Schengen countries.

Phrasebook

Good morning! - Good early!

Good afternoon - Good Dan!

How are you (you/you)? - Yak se mate/mash?

Thank you, good - Diekui, dobge

My name is… - Ymenui se…

Goodbye - Na shledanou

Morning - Early

After lunch - Odpoledne

Evening - Evening

Night - Noz

Tomorrow - Zitra

Today - Dnes

Yesterday - Yesterday

Do you speak Russian (English, German)? - Mluvite rushtina (English, German)?

I do not understand - Ne razumim

Please - please

Thank you - Diekui

Who/what - Kdo/tso

Where / where - Where / kam

How/how much - Yak/colic

How long / when - Yak dlougo / kdy

Why? - Other?

How is it in Czech? - Yak ten then cheski?

Can you help me? - Can you help me?

Yes/no - Ano/no

Sorry - Prominte

When is the museum/church/exhibition open? - Where are the museum/kostel/exhibitions?

What is the price? - Kolik then stand?

Too expensive - To ye mots drage

Where is the bank/exchange office? - Where is the bank/exchange point?

Where to buy a phone card? - Where can I get a phone card?

They stole from me ... - They stole my ...

Please menu - Idelni listek please

Bread - Bread

Coffee - Cava

Tea - Tea

With milk/sugar - with milk/zukrem

Orange juice - Pomeranchova stem

Soup - Polevka

Fish/Meat - Fish/Maso

Vegetarian dish - Vegetarian Strava

Egg - Weize

Salad - Salad

Dessert - Desert

Fruits - Ovotse

Ice cream - Zmrzlina

White/Red/Rose Wine - Wine Bile/Cervene/Roujove

Beer - Beer

Water - Water

Breakfast - Snidanye

Lunch - Lunch

Dinner - Viecharje

How much per night? - Kolik stand at night?

Czechs love music and still celebrate some traditional holidays. Czechs are very hospitable.

Many residents, especially older ones, know Russian well. There is a good attitude towards tourists, as many understand that tourism is one of the important means of replenishing income. Although in the Czech Republic, foreigners are officially charged a higher hotel fee, unofficially they can overcharge the bill in a restaurant, in a taxi.

Since January 1, 2006 there has been a ban on smoking in public places ( seats public transport - stops, stations, vehicles, places cultural recreation). In restaurants, the administration is obliged to allocate space for non-smokers (a separate room or time, for example, lunch and dinner).

From Krasnodar from Moscow

By train

Belarus and (Minsk - Brest - Warsaw) - travel time 36 hours. Last changes: 07.02.2013

Tourism plays an important role in the economy, every year the Czechs earn more than 100 billion dollars from tourists. is 5.5% of the country's GDP. The tourism sector employs about 170,000 people, although this figure is clearly underestimated, because it does not include bartenders and waiters, shop assistants, and all these establishments work both for tourism and for the local population.

The Czech Republic receives about 9 million visitors a year. According to statistics for 2016, German citizens are in the lead among travelers - 1,880,000. Tourists come from Slovakia (645,000), Poland (543,000), USA (511,000), Great Britain (470,000). The Russians in this list are in 6th place - 406,000 tourists in 2016.

The attendance of the Czech Republic by tourists from China, South Korea, and Japan is growing at a tremendous pace. Do not be surprised if by 2020 in Prague you will see Chinese characters on shops and currency exchange offices.

What attracts tourists to the Czech Republic? What is the country proud of? What surprises visitors?

First, historical centuries-old monuments. Although not as long as the Greek, Chinese or Egyptian ones, there are a lot of monuments preserved here, and most of them are in excellent condition.

Having a thousand-year historical path behind it, the state is full of architecture of different styles and trends. These are more than 2 thousand castles, their ruins and palaces, among them the most popular are: Litomysl, Pardubice Castle, Jindrichuv Hradec, Star Summer Palace, Kromeriz Castle, Wallenstein Palace, Kinsky Palace.

Religious monuments in the Czech Republic fascinate with their grandeur and unique architectural solutions. This is the Cathedral of St. Wenceslas in Olomouc, the Church of St. James the Elder, and many others, like pearls scattered throughout the country. There are 11 Catholic cathedrals in the country.

Medical tourism is another strength of the Czech tourism industry. The healing springs of Karlovy Vary are famous all over the world. It is believed that the resort was founded here by Emperor Charles IV in 1350. Other destinations: Poděbrady, Jáchymov, peloid springs in Bechyn and Trebon, sulphurous-ferrous peloid springs in Lazne-Touseni, natural warm and hot water in Teplice and a few others.

The Czech Republic is one of the European "Meccas" of gastronomic tourism. Beer tours are in particular demand, when tourists are taken to breweries and tastings. However, there are so many types of beer in the Czech Republic that even during the longest beer tour you won’t be able to taste all of them.

Ski holidays are gaining momentum. Unfortunately, the country cannot boast of high mountains, in this area it is difficult for the Czechs to compete with neighboring Austria and Switzerland. There are mountains in the Czech Republic - these are the Sudeten Mountains, the highest point of the country is Mount Snezhka (1602 meters). Some ski resorts are located in the hills of Moravia. The most developed ski resort in the country is now Pec pod Snezkou.

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic is increasing every year. Many tourists who have visited the Czech Republic once return there again and again. People fall in love with this country at first sight, and this love can last a lifetime. Tourists come to the Czech Republic for the unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. The Czech Republic borders Slovakia to the east, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, and Poland to the north. total area this country - 78,866 sq. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country in Bohemia are located low mountains– Krkonoše, which are structurally part of the Sudetenland mountain range. It is in the Krkonoše that the highest Czech peak is located - Mount Sněžka (1602 m). In the east of the country in Moravia, the terrain is hilly with no high mountains.

Several big rivers– Elba, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Some Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks Krkonoše, Šumava, Podia, and "Czech Switzerland".

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, which is now home to about 1.3 million people. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the 6th century AD.

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, which belongs to the subgroup of West Slavic languages.

About 30% of the population of the Czech Republic are Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Czechs are Protestants, and more than 32% of the Czech population do not believe in God.

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic in which the President is the formal head of state, but his powers are significantly limited. The Prime Minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the President and approved by the Parliament.

Legislative power belongs to the bicameral Parliament, consisting of Poslanecká sněmovna (200 deputies) and the Senate (81 people).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic was elected by the Parliament of the country, but now it happens by popular vote.

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate continental with rather hot summers and cold snowy winters. In the west of the country mean annual temperature air is + 7C, and in southern Moravia - + 9C. In Prague in July, the air temperature can reach +33C, and in the west of the country in February it can drop to -17C.

In winter, there is a lot of snow in the mountains of the Czech Republic, and this guarantees a long ski season.

Average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

January - -3C
- February - -2C
- March - +3C
- April - +8C
- May - +13C
- June - +16C
- July - +18C
- August - +17C
- September - +14C
- October - +8C
- November - +3C
- December - -1C

Several large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. In addition, there are many natural small lakes in the Czech Republic, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

Around the 4th century BC. Celtic tribes settled on the territory of modern Czech Republic, but after a few centuries they were supplanted by Germanic tribes. The Slavs appeared in the Czech Republic at the end of the 5th century AD.

In the 9th century, the flowering of the Czech Republic begins, which is associated with the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty. Czech state manages to actually maintain independence, although it was in vassal dependence on the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV granted the Czech prince Vratislav the right to use the royal title. However, the independence of the Kingdom of Bohemia was proclaimed only in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, the religious Hussite wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Hussite religion was recognized by Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

Since 1526, the Habsburgs became kings of the Czech Republic, and thus this country became part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of the First World War in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result, the so-called. "Munich agreement" in 1939, Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans turned the Czech Republic into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the end of World War II, socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the Warsaw Pact countries were forced to send troops to Czechoslovakia in order to support the socialist system in it.

In November 1989 in Czechoslovakia there was a so-called. "Velvet Revolution", which removed the Communist Party from power. Vaclav Havel became president of Czechoslovakia.

January 1, 1993 on political map world, two new independent states appeared - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of the NATO military bloc, and in 2004 it was admitted to the EU.

Czechs are proud of their traditions and carefully pass them on from generation to generation. So, in one of the Moravian villages of Vlcnovo, the “Ride of Kings” festival is still held every year, during which local boys and teenagers ride horses decorated with colorful ribbons throughout the region. At the same time, the riders themselves are dressed in traditional folk costumes. The boy-king is guarded by two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in the Middle Ages in Moravia (and in the vicinity of the village of Vlchnovo) local princes often traveled, who for the peasants were real kings.

Czechs love to celebrate Walpurgis Night (from April 30 to May 1). Sometimes the Czechs call this holiday "Witch Burning Night". Of course, no one has been burning witches in the Czech Republic for many centuries. Now, in order to maintain this ancient custom, the Czechs set fire to brooms and throw them into the air (to see how witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that at midnight on May 1, treasures can be found. However, at this time, the forces of evil are capable of harming a person. Therefore, treasure seekers on the night of May 1 need to have a fern leaf on their heads (on their faces).

IN last years in the Czech Republic, they began to pay more attention to healthy eating and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech recipes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

- "bramborová polévka" - potato soup
- "zelná polévka" - sauerkraut soup
- "kuřecí polévka" - chicken noodle soup
- "hovězí guláš s knedlíkem" - beef goulash with dumplings
- "pečené kuře s brambory" - fried chicken with potatoes
- "knedlíky" - dumplings are made with a variety of fillings
- "jablečný závin" - apple strudel
- "Medovník" - cake with honey

The traditional Czech alcoholic drink is beer. As in some other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to be brewed in the early Middle Ages in monasteries. Now Czech beer is famous all over the world.

For lovers of attractions, the Czech Republic is an ideal country. There are many different attractions in the Czech Republic, and it is difficult for us to choose the best of them. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the top ten attractions in the Czech Republic include the following:

Castle Hluboka nad Vltavou

Hluboka Castle was built in the second half of the 13th century. Hluboka Castle received its current magnificent neo-Gothic appearance thanks to the Schwarzenberg family, who owned it since 1661. Today the castle houses a museum.

Cherven Lhota Castle

Chervena Lhota Castle in South Bohemia was built during the Renaissance. It is located on a rocky island in the middle of the lake. The castle is connected to the ground by a narrow stone bridge. Chervena Lhota Castle got its name from its red-painted walls.

Karlštejn Castle

Karlštejn Castle was built in 1348 by the Czech king and Roman emperor Charles IV. Once upon a time, the treasures and regalia of Czech kings were kept in this castle.

Caves in the Moravian Karst Nature Reserve

The territory of the Moravian Karst Nature Reserve is about 92 sq. km. There are about 1,100 gorges and caves here.

Geopark "Czech Paradise"

In the north of the Czech Republic, there is the Bohemian Paradise geopark, which has a large number of mineralogy, paleontology and archeology monuments.

Vysehrad Castle

Vysehrad Castle, as historians believe, was built on a hill above the Vltava in the 10th century. According to legend, it was in Vyšehrad Castle that the Czech princess Libuše foretold the future greatness of Prague.

Konopiste Castle

This castle is located 50 kilometers from Prague. It was built in the 1289s in the style of French fortresses with round towers. Konopiste Castle was once the last residence of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Singing Fountains in Prague

The Singing Fountains were built in 1891. Later, the Czech engineer Frantisek Krzhizhikovy made them lighting. Now the "Singing Fountains" are one of the most favorite places for recreation of the inhabitants of Prague.

Charles Bridge in Prague

The Charles Bridge across the Vltava was built in the 14th century. The bridge is decorated with 30 statues that were erected by various universities, religious orders, archbishops, princes, etc.

St. Vitus Cathedral

The construction of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague lasted from 1344 to 1929. It is considered one of the most beautiful Gothic cathedrals in the world.

The largest cities in the Czech Republic are Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

The Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with excellent developed infrastructure skating. The most popular Czech ski resorts are Harrachov, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Spindlerov Mlyn, Pec pod Snezkou, Hruby Jeseník, Velké Losiny, Boží Dar, and Liberec. Due to the large amount of snow, the skiing season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists come to the Czech Republic not only to admire the sights of this country and go skiing on local ski resorts. There are a large number of mineral springs in the Czech Republic, and, as a result, tourists also come to this country very often for the sake of balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary has a reputation as a world-class balneological resort.

Other popular Czech balneological resorts are Marianske Lazne, Frantiskove Lazne, Jachymov, Teplice, Luhacovice, and Poděbrady.

Tourists from the Czech Republic usually bring dishes, porcelain, Bohemian glassware, ceramics, jewelry with semi-precious Czech pomegranate, Czech beer, Becherovka liqueur, plum brandy, which is made in South Moravia, as well as Czech waffles (from Karlovy Vary) and chocolate.

Czech Republic- a state in the center of Europe with a crazy concentration of attractions for one square kilometer in the literal sense of the word.The country borders on Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Poland. Territory Czech Republic is divided into three regions: Bohemia (west), Silesia (northeast), Moravia (east).

Tourist Czech Republic

The most interesting cities in the Czech Republic
Prague- the capital of the Czech Republic, the most beautiful and romantic city in Europe.
Brno- the largest locality V eastern region Czech Republic(Moravia).
Krumlov- one of the oldest Czech cities, where the castle of the same name is located.
Opava - the most important city Czech Republic with a high concentration of historical values. It is located almost on the border with Poland.
Karlovy Vary- the highest concentration of health resorts, historical sights and simply beautiful cobbled streets with colorful houses.
Jesenik- a well-known winter resort town.
Kutna Hora- historical value Czech Republic, where the Cathedral of St. Barbara, silver mines and many other interesting buildings are located.
Pilsen- the largest city in the west of the country, the birthplace of the most famous in Russia and not only Pilsner Urquell foamy drink.

Useful information for tourists:
- tips in restaurants, taxi driver and guide are 10% of the check amount
- museums and attractions, where admission is not free, do not work on Mondays and the day after the holidays
- The sale of entrance tickets to the museum ends one hour before the closing of the museum. Almost all museum complexes operate from nine in the morning until six in the evening. Opening hours of the Jewish Museum, located in Prague from Sunday to Friday. Saturday is a day off.
- V Czech Republic it is forbidden to smoke at public transport stops, as well as in the premises of educational institutions, public institutions. For violation of this prohibition, a fine of 1000 kroons
- numbers emergency services: fire safety service - 150; medical care - 155; police - 156
- there are a lot of ticks in the country - carriers of borreliosis and encephalitis. Local residents try to vaccinate themselves and their loved ones in the spring, and tourists should be extremely careful, choose paved sidewalk paths for walking and avoid lawns and walking on tall grass.
- Czech- a country where it is allowed to carry drugs, but in limited quantities
- do not know Czech or English - you can try to communicate with the locals in Russian, most of the old-timers remember the language perfectly and can speak it fluently with tourists from Russia.

"Mobile" communication in the Czech Republic
IN Czech Republic you can buy a SIM card from the Vodafone mobile operator. The cost of a SIM card is 200 kroons, which are credited immediately to the account (the so-called credit for calls). You can buy a SIM card in Prague in close proximity to Wenceslas Square. Calling to Russia follows the following scheme: +7, then the codecity, then the subscriber's number. IN Czech Republic call code +420. Trafika kiosks are installed in Prague to replenish the account. The nearest such kiosk is located near Wenceslas Square at the Mustek metro station.

Currency transactions in the Czech Republic
The country that is part of the EU has its own currency - Czech crowns. The exchange rate in each bank is different. BUT! You should not be fooled by an attractive exchange rate - most private exchangers set a commission fee for currency exchange, often the commission reaches ten percent of the exchange amount. Usually the commission is indicated on the stand, but it can be written in very small letters, which you can’t immediately make out, and when the exchange has passed, it will be very difficult to return the money back. In many exchangers, far from Czechs work, but people of Asian appearance. Therefore, it is worth, having come to the bank, the first thing to ask about the commission and its percentage. You can exchange currency in any, even a three-star hotel, however, the rate is not very profitable. Also, exchange offices operate at railway stations, at the airport.In Prague, you can exchange currency at souvenir sellers. Usually, good "currency traders" who will not be deceived and exchanged without any commissions are known by the guides.

Czech traditions and holidays
The formation of the culture of this wonderful country has been going on for several centuries. The traditions of neighboring countries also actively influenced it. Czech Republic countries.
The hospitality of the local people is amazing. Moreover, this is not a simulated quality, the desire to show oneself with better side. The Czechs are really very friendly, hospitable, constantly smiling and trying to help every tourist who has applied. Many old-timers still remember the Russian language, so it will be easy for a tourist who does not know Czech or English to communicate with a local resident whose age is from 45+. Young people, almost young and old, are fluent in English language, so going on a tour of Czech Republic you can take an English-Russian phrase book with you. In general, the Czech language is not so difficult - before traveling to replenish your vocabulary, you can learn a couple of frequently used phrases in order to feel comfortable and respond with your own courtesy to the courtesy of local residents.
IN Czech Republic love to celebrate holidays. Moreover, it does not matter whether it is a religious event (Catholic or Orthodox) or a secular one.Here's what you should really visit while in Czech Republic, so this is a local wedding, taking place according to all Czech traditions. Impressive and amazing performance!
The Czechs have a special attitude to national holidays - they not only honor them, but also celebrate them according to all traditions and rules. December is one of the busiest months of the year, with Saint Barbara's Day (December 4th), Saint Nicholas' Day, Christmas Eve and Christmas.
IN Saint Barbara's Day locals cut off a rowan twig and put it in the water. If the branch blooms for Christmas, then the next year will be successful for the family.
St. Nicolas day - it's like International Children's Day, celebrated around the world on June 1, only in Czech. On this day, children's events, matinees, concerts and competitions are held throughout the country.
Christmas traditions
Christmas without carp is not Christmas. It is this opinion that the Czechs hold, who cannot imagine a holiday without carp in any form of cooking. The fish is stewedbaked, stuffed, fried, made aspic. Generally in Czech Republic more than a dozen dishes led by carp. It is believed that every self-respecting housewife must cook this fish for Christmas without fail.
An interesting fact: on the eve of the Catholic holiday, the shops begin an active sale of carp, well-fed, fattened, selected. But he swims in aquariums, barrels, mini-pools, bathtubs right on the street near the entrance to the store. Moreover, the containers with water and fish are not fenced in any way - you can touch, look, get the fish. For many Russian tourists, a small fish left unattended and properly controlled causes at least surprise and a logical question: "Don't they really steal?". We explain. No. They don't steal. It would never occur to local residents to steal. They have it in their upbringing and mentality. By the way, many shopping centers have self-service terminals for paying for purchased goods. This is done so that a person does not stand idle at the box office, but can independently scan the cost of the goods and make a payment for it. We asked the security service a logical question: “And if they don’t pay for all the goods?”, The security guards answered with a smile: “We trust our customers.” That's it!

How to get to Prague from Moscow

Get to Czech Republic If you have a Schengen visa, it will not be difficult. The country is located on the mainland, not fenced off by seas and oceans, so you can safely travel by car, especially when it comes to residents of Moscow, the Moscow region and other not remote regions.
By private vehicle
You can give yourself a lot of pleasure and go to Czech Republic by private car. The distance from Moscow to Prague is about 1600 kilometers.
By plane
If the principle "quickly and comfortably" applies, then it is optimal to choose an air flight. Fly to Prague (the capital Czech Republic) can be from Moscow in two hours with a "tail". The flight is organized by several airlines: "Aeroflot", " Czech Airlines". Daily from Moscow, these airlines serve up to six flights to Prague and back.
On average, the cost of a ticket in the "peak" season is 9,000 rubles per direct flight Moscow-Prague. If you choose the option with a transfer, you can get 1,400 rubles as a "bonus". The only caveat is the increased flight time (minimum - 4 hours, maximum - 19 hours). Therefore, if you want to get to Prague quickly, then the best option there will be a direct flight to Prague from Moscow.
The cheapest tickets can be bought in February, June and July.

Transport in the Czech Republic

Urban transport connection
Municipal transport links in the Czech Republic are very well developed, operate smoothly and are in high demand among local residents. For trips to public transport a single ticket is provided, it is purchased at the box office at metro stations or in special kiosks located at many bus stops.A single ticket allows you to freely travel around the city on any type of public transport. The only condition is the validity period of the travel card, the countdown of which starts from the moment the ticket was validated. The fares are quite affordable. If you plan to travel by metro, by tram toduring the day, it is better to buy a daily pass. By the way, controllers are a regular phenomenon in public transport, and fines for an expired travel card are significant. It's better not to risk it.
Public transport runs exclusively according to the schedule. And for daylight hours - one schedule, and for the night - another. You can get acquainted with the movement of transport literally at every stopping point.
IN Czech Republic intercity transport links are well developed - you can move around the country by rail, scheduled buses or by plane.
Rail connection
The cheapest and most comfortable way to get around Czech Republic there will be a railroad. IN Czech Republic well-developed railway communication, led by the management company Ceske Drahy (abbreviation - CD). Trains depart to all regions of the country from Prague several times per hour.
The country has three types of trains running between cities:
- InterCity, EuroCity (sometimes you can see the abbreviation "IC", "EC" on the cars). The fare is not cheap, but it is very comfortable, convenient and fast.
- Rychlik, Express (abbreviation - R, Ex) - the fare is average, the speed of movement is high.
- Osobni (abbreviation - O) - they drive very slowly, but they are also cheap.
Ticket offices at railway stations are open only during the day!
Intercity buses
Bus passenger transportation is well developed in Czech Republic. This method of transportation is used by the locals themselves. There is nothing surprising - dozens of transport companies offer passengers comfortable, convenient, modern buses, on which traveling is a pleasure.
Every city has at least one bus station where you can buy bus tickets. Buses run strictly according to the schedule, and the trip will bring a lot of pleasant emotions and will not tire you in any way.Bus tickets can be purchased from the driver directly at the entrance to the bus or on online services. Seats are not indicated on the tickets, so the passenger can sit anywhere.
The main bus carrier in the Czech Republic is CSAD, which operates both domestic and international flights. In Prague, you can take the bus of this company from the Florenc bus station.You can also contact the CSAD information window, open from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. weekdays, on Saturday from 6 am to 4 pm, on Sunday - from 8 am to 6 pm. In the information window, you can immediately purchase a ticket for travel.
No less popular in the Czech Republic is the motor transport company that provides bus transportation around the country, Student Agency, whose vehicles are characterized by impeccable comfort, as well as unparalleled service. By the way, route tickets are often cheaper at Student Agency than with other carriers. Buses leave Prague from the Zlicin metro station. Tickets, where the landing places are indicated, are sold there, in a special kiosk near the metro station.
How much are travel tickets in the Czech Republic
The cost of a ticket is influenced by several factors, firstly, the class of the car, and secondly, the distance. But you can save a lot by purchasing "weekend" travel SONE +. The advantage of this pass is that it allows you to travel around the country on any type of train without restrictions throughout the weekend. By the way, this type of ticket is valid even in areas on the borders of neighboring countries of the Czech Republic. For trips on weekdays, you can buy a Sitova jizdenka ticket.By the way, students have the opportunity to get significant discounts on travel in public transport. Children under the age of six can ride for free. A 50% discount will be given to children under the age of fifteen. And for students, a ticket will cost one and a half times cheaper than for ordinary passengers.
Car rent
During a long stay in Czech Republic The best option would be to rent a vehicle. To rent a car, two conditions are required: age - from 21 years old and driver's license new sample.
Attention! Rules of movement on the roads of the Czech Republic!
Traffic Laws Czech Republic slightly different from the rules established in Russia.
Eg, maximum speed movement in the city - 50 km / h, on the highway - no more than 90 km / h, on high-speed motorways the maximum allowable speed is 130 km / h.In the city, the tram has an advantage while driving, and this must always be remembered - in every city, the tram service is developed with a bang.
For unhindered movement around the country by car (even rented), you must pay a transport tax. You can do this at any gas station, after which you will be issued a special permit card, which must be kept and not lost, but it is best to immediately stick it on the windshield. The coupon is valid for a year. Its absence entails the imposition of a very impressive fine on the driver.
Gas stations are located at the entrance to cities, as well as on highways at a distance of approximately every fifty kilometers. But unlike gas stations in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, operating around the clock, in Czech Republic they are open until nine in the evening and then they close.
Cycling in the Czech Republic
Bicycle riding is very common in Czech Republic. More than 37 thousand kilometers of bicycle paths have been laid across the country. Prague has the largest length of cycling routes. In other regions, there are no fewer bike paths than in Prague. Routes are laid, which locals call "greenway" mainly along reservoirs, rivers, railways. Traveling through Czech Republic by bike, you can explore a lot historical sites, including pilgrimage and trade routes, routes, monuments of architecture and history. You can rent a bike at any of the numerous rental points located literally in every city.

Holidays in the Czech Republic

Czech- a country with incredible tourism potential. Each city is a real treasure of the country. Only Prague with its cobbled streets, breathtaking architectural monuments drives you crazy, and what can we say about Karlovy Vary, Brno, which are beautiful regardless of the time of year and the weather outside the window. Numerous castles, manors, caves deserve special attention, which are unrealistic to explore even for a week-long vacation in the country.

Accommodation in the Czech Republic
The hotel chain is well developed in the country. Moreover, you can stay without fear even in three-star hotels, private boarding houses, renting apartments or apartments. A distinctive feature is the high level of service, regardless of the "star" of the hotel, spacious, comfortable, clean rooms, reasonable prices, even in four and five-star hotels. Most hotels have free wifi, parking (though paid). For large families with children, it is most profitable to rent apartments. Apartments, even the most presentable, are also distinguished by low cost.

Main Czech sights

Castles of the Czech Republic
This is the main pride of the country - only in the territory Czech Republic there are more than 2.5 thousand castles that have been perfectly preserved to this day! In every region Czech Republic has its own castle attraction, with history, legends.Today, many castles host a variety of festivals, theatrical performances, concerts, costume shows and knightly battles. And each of the events is aimed at revealing the story Czech Republic with its color, features and traditions.

Czech cities according to the Must See principle
IN Czech Republic probably one of the highest concentrations ancient cities which are definitely worth visiting when visiting this wonderful country.
Czech krumlov
One of the most famous cities South Bohemia, where historical buildings in the Renaissance, Baroque, Gothic styles are located. Krumlov Castle is not inferior in its importance to Prague Castle and is included in the UNESCO list. The "Krumlov" ensemble includes more than forty buildings, palaces, five courtyards and a wonderful garden with centuries-old green spaces.
In the immediate vicinity of Krumlov, there is an interesting landmark, opened in 2012 and awarded the title of the best Czech landmark of the new generation - the Observation Tower with a suspended structure made of wood, starting from the ground, stretching over Lake Lipno and rising to the very top of the tower.
Telc - Czech "Venice"
In the region of Moravia there is unique city on the water, surrounded by two artificial reservoirs and a canal. The central object of Telč is considered to be an ancient fortress, built in the Middle Ages and preserved in its almost original form to this day. Arriving in Telč, you should definitely visit the Palace with many halls, distinguished by chic decoration and incredible beauty and entertainment.
Jindrichuv Hradec - acquaintance with the castle of the 13th century
This city is the third largest and largest castle complex built in the 13th century. The main attraction of the complex is the palace with the most valuable paintings, the church of St. John, the interior of which is decorated with rare frescoes, as well as the Minorite monastery. The city annually hosts festivals of folklore and classical music that are significant for the country.
Brno - the largest concentration of spiritual values
The central object of the city is the Gothic castle of Spielberg, founded in the 13th century and still striking in its charm. The castle is located on the top of the mountain, so the view from its central point is amazing. By the way, the city of Spielberg is depicted on almost all Czech coins.
While in Brno, you should definitely visit the Moravian Gallery - the second largest and most important Czech museum.And in Brno there is a very beautiful Cathedral of St. Paul and Peter, the Catholic Churches of St. Jacob, St. Michael, the majestic Town Hall, the Basilica of the Virgin Mary and many other equally significant historical sights.
Kutna Hora
It was here that active silver mining took place in the 14th century. And in the city there is the famous Chapel of All Saints, built in the 15th century. While in Kutná Hora, you should definitely get acquainted with the Vlašsky Dvor - a complex of buildings dating back to the 13th-14th centuries (it was here that the residence of Czech kings was in the old days). Kutna Hora is also famous for its mint, the Silver Museum located in the Stone Palace, the Cathedral of St. Barbara (outwardly, the cathedral is practically no different from the French Notre Dame de Paris).
Memorial complex "Terezin"
It will be interesting for Russian tourists to visit the Terezin memorial, where during the Second World War there was a Jewish ghetto, in which, according to estimates, there were about 140 thousand people. During the hostilities, only 17 thousand people survived. Terezin was liberated by Soviet troops on May 9, 1945. Today Terezin is a memorial complex dedicated to the victims of the concentration camp.

Czech cuisine

National cuisine Czech Republic: not for losing weight and that's a fact! "Puffy" - that's what you can call the kitchen Czech Republic where meat, flour, fried dishes predominate. Portion sizes are a foodie's dream. But with such an abundance of food, its high calorie content, the locals are distinguished by a slender and fit figure! By the way, many Czechs consider most national dishes to be snacks. Yes Yes. It is appetizers for the most important dish, or rather a drink - beer. Brewing is so developed in the Czech Republic that for the production of this foamy drink, the country can be safely recorded on the podium. Hundreds of varieties, flavors and aromas. Delicious beer is served to the table in any restaurant and cafe. Moreover, many tourists note that it is in cafes and bars that the most delicious beer, the most delicious pork knuckle and dumplings are. Therefore, when walking around the Czech city and looking for the "most-very" restaurant, pay attention to the cafe on some quiet street. IN Czech Republic the quality of food, the level of service in the institution, the degree of serving dishes are not determined by the status of the catering establishment.

Shopping in the Czech Republic

Czech one of the most attractive countries for shopaholics after Germany. In every city you can find stores of famous world brands. Pleased with a wide range, reasonable prices. IN Czech Republic the TESCO supermarket chain is well developed, where, by Russian standards, the price tag for most goods and food is simply ridiculous. Be sure to pay attention to the "red price", as you can literally buy excellent things and interior items for next to nothing.
Most retail outlets are open from 9 am to 6 pm. Hypermarkets and grocery stores open until 9pm and open at 6am. On weekends, pre-holiday and holidays, the opening hours of stores are reduced by several hours, but not critically. By the way, many hypermarkets, especially in large cities, operate around the clock.
the day before catholic christmas, national holidays most boutiques and shopping centers, for example, in the same one in Prague, it works normally. But on Christmas itself, almost everything is closed - the locals really honor this holiday and try, despite the huge flows of tourists, to celebrate the church holiday with their families.