Alps: where are these beautiful mountains located? Where are the Alps: interesting facts about the mountains

The Alpine mountains are one of the main European resorts. Every year, not only fans of skiing flock here, but also those who want to enjoy clean air and healing water from local thermal springs. 8 European countries, on the territory of which the Alpine ridges and massifs are located, have been competing for decades in creating attractive conditions for tourists. How to make a program for visiting the Alpine mountains in order to see all the most interesting in a short vacation?

Ithoria mountains

Covered in snow and surrounded by mist peaks of the Alps gave the mountain range its name. It is believed that it comes from the Latin word "albus" ("white").

Age of the Alps impossible to determine unambiguously. Between 34 and 23 million years ago, a collision of tectonic plates occurred, resulting in the formation of the longest European mountain range. The length of the Alps is 1,200 kilometers.

For a significant part of its history, the Alps were an insurmountable natural barrier. They hindered the movement of trade and military expeditions. locals avoided climbing great height, because there you could meet with an avalanche, a storm and cold.

The study of the Alpine mountains began only in the second half of the 18th century. Enthusiast scientists explored the flora, fauna, glaciers and geology of the mountain range. At the same time, the concept of "mountaineering" was born, which at that time meant walking along the slopes without special equipment. In 1786 it was first conquered highest mountain in the Alps- Mont Blanc.

The history of the Alps as a tourist center dates back to the 19th century. Then wealthy people came to mountain hotels to enjoy the extraordinary views and take baths from the waters of thermal springs. At the end of the 19th century, popularity began to gain winter views sports. Figure skating and skiing championships were held in the Alpine mountains.

The Alpine mountains were the site of the first Winter Olympic Games and still remain the most popular. Developed infrastructure suitable weather and the presence of modern sports facilities have already secured the right to host the Winter Olympics a dozen times for resorts located in the Alps.

Today the mountain range is one of the world's major centers of tourism. Every year more than one hundred million people visit local resorts. Nature of the Alps attracts not only fans extreme species sports. Fresh air, medicinal properties sources and the unique local culture ensure a continuous flow of tourists at any time of the year.

Attractions of the Alps

Most tourists go to the Alpine mountains to admire the unique views, try their hand at mountain slopes and swim in local sources. But the Alpine region is a place where several European cultures meet at once. Here are located interesting objects having architectural, historical and religious value.

Air travel and ticket prices

In the immediate vicinity of the Alpine mountains there is no major airports. Air carriers sometimes organize flights to Bolzano (Italy) and Innsbruck (Austria), but these connections are seasonal. Most tourists prefer to book a ticket to one of the nearest major airports, and travel the rest of the way by bus or train.

The easiest way to get to the Alpine Mountains is from international airports located in the following cities:

1. Munich;
2. Milan;
3. Verona;
4. Innsbruck;
5. Salzburg;
6. Venice;
7. Vein;
8. Bolzano;
9. Bologna;
10. Klagenfurt;
11. Friedrichshafen;
12. Bergamo;
13. Brescia.

The most convenient for Russian tourists routes run through the airports of Munich and Milan. They are connected regular flights with the largest cities of Russia. Depending on the distance of the chosen Alpine resort, the way to it from the airport can take from 1 to 2 hours.

The way from Munich to the popular ski regions can be overcome by car: the city is connected to the Alps by three modern autobahns. Easy access to the mountains from Munich Airport commuter train S-Banh lines. In this case, you will be there in 40 minutes.

If you decide to visit western part Alpine mountains, then your route will run through the airports of Milan or Verona. Milan is well connected to Russian cities, but you still have to get to the Alps through Verona. If you couldn't find a direct flight to Romeo and Juliet, don't be discouraged: the journey from Milan will be comfortable. From both international airports the Italian capital There are direct buses to Milan Central Station where you can buy a ticket to Verona.

The road from Verona to the Alpine resorts can be overcome by car, spending about two hours on the trip, or by train. Trains run from 5 am to 10 pm, leaving the platform every half hour. Tickets cost from 10 euros, and you will have to spend another 1.5-2 hours on the road.

Location of the Alps mountain system on the world map

(borders mountain system are approximate)

The Alps are the highest and longest mountain range among the systems that lie entirely in Europe. Wherein Caucasian mountains higher, and the Ural ones are longer, but they also lie on the territory of Asia.

The Alps are a complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching in a convex arc to the northwest from the Ligurian Sea to the Middle Danube Lowland.

The Alps are located on the territory of 8 countries: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Slovenia. The total length of the Alpine arc is about 1200 km (about 750 km along the inner edge of the arc), and the width is up to 260 km. The highest peak of the Alps is Mont Blanc, at 4,810 meters above sea level, located on the border between France and Italy. In total, about 100 four-thousander peaks are concentrated in the Alps.

Where are the Alps: interesting facts about the mountains

(from the English off shore located at a distance from the coast; outside the country) a business center that provides preferential treatment for financial and credit operations.

since the end of the 18th century, Petersburg in Russian literature has been called Northern Palmyra, comparing it in wealth and beauty with southern Palmyra on the territory of this country

SLOVAKIA

on the coat of arms of this country there are three blue mountains - Tatra, Matra and Fatra

ancient country on the territory of Armenia

other country on the territory of Armenia

FENNOSCANDIA

natural country in the north of Europe, on the territory of the Scandinavian and Kola Peninsula, Finland and Russia (Karelia)

ancient country on the territory of Uzbekistan

Genghis Khan

he was born in Eastern Siberia, on the territory of the present-day Chita district of the Trans-Baikal region, and died at his summer headquarters in the mountains of the present Chinese province Hans

an ancient country inhabited by the Etruscans; located on the territory of modern Tuscany

METROPOLIS

City-state - policy - in relation to the settlements founded by him on the territory of other countries (in Ancient Greece)

ancient country on the territory of Azerbaijan

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Where are the Alps located?

Where are the Alps located? Coordinates, map and photo.

The Alps are located in Central Europe
and located in the territories southern Austria, northern Italy, the southern half of Switzerland and the eastern outskirts of France.

On the map below, the Alps are highlighted in a darker color than the adjacent plains. To see the snow-covered ridges of the Alps, switch the map to satellite mode in its upper corner.

Coordinates:
46.5082512 northern latitude
10.8489056 east longitude

Alps on interactive map which can be controlled:

Alps are on the list: mountains

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Alps mountains: description, where they are on the map, photo, height, peaks

Alps— the most high mountains Western Europe- occupy part of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Slovenia.

A complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching in a convex arc to the northwest from mediterranean sea to the Middle Danube Plain. The length is approximately 1200 kilometers (about 750 kilometers along the inner edge of the arc). Width up to 260 kilometers. The transverse valley between Lake Constance and Lake Como is divided into the higher Western Alps (up to 4807 meters high, Mount Mont Blanc) and the lower and wider Eastern Alps (up to 4049 meters, Mount Berdina).

In the Alps - the sources of the Rhine, Rhone, Po, Adige, right tributaries of the Danube. Numerous lakes of glacial and tectonic-glacial origin (Bodenskoye, Geneva, Como, Lago Maggiore and others).

The altitudinal zonality of landscapes is well expressed. Up to a height of 800 meters, the climate is moderately warm, on the southern slopes - Mediterranean, there are many vineyards, orchards, fields, Mediterranean shrubs and broad-leaved forests.

At an altitude of 800-1800 meters the climate is temperate, humid; broad-leaved forests of oak and beech are gradually replaced by coniferous ones upwards. Up to a height of 2200-2300 meters, the climate is subalpine, cold, with long-term snow. Shrubs and tall grass meadows predominate; summer pastures. Above, to the border of eternal snows - an alpine belt with a cold climate, a predominance of short-grass sparse alpine meadows, most years covered with snow. Even higher - nival belt with glaciers, snowfields, rocky slopes.

The Alps are an area of ​​international mountaineering, tourism, and skiing.

Main ski resorts: Megeve (France), Chamonix (France), Courchevel (France), Zermatt (Switzerland), Grindelwald (Switzerland), St. Moritz (Switzerland), Davos (Switzerland), Lech (Austria), St. Anton ( Austria), Kitzbühel (Austria), Seefeld (Austria), Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy), Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany).

Photos of the mountains of the Alps:

Where are they located on the map:

Alps or Alpine mountains- the highest and longest mountain range among the systems that lie entirely in Europe.

The snowy mountain range of the Alps forms a massive barrier between northern and southern Europe.

Alpine countries

Some highest peaks Alpine mountains are located in Germany, France and Italy, but most of them are within three Alpine countries: Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria. The ice and rocks of the peaks are replaced by green alpine pastures, colored in summer with bright herbs. They descend to forested valleys and deep lakes.

The melting snows of the Alps feed the largest rivers in Western Europe: the Rhine, the Rhone, the Po and the Inn-Danube system.

Switzerland — small country divided into cantons. Four languages ​​can be heard here: French, German, Italian and English. Although Switzerland has little natural resources, except for hydropower, it became a wealthy country thanks to the production of watches and precision instruments. It is the center of banking and tourism. Impressive mountain scenery with lakes, waterfalls and colorful villages, it attracts athletes in winter and vacationers in summer. Switzerland is a neutral country that has not taken part in European wars since 1815.

The capital, Geneva, is the headquarters of many international organizations, including the International Red Cross and World Organization healthcare.

East of Switzerland is Liechtenstein- a tiny German-speaking state that was able to maintain independence from larger neighbors.

It is a monarchy, but the laws are made by an elected government. It has close ties to Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its currency.

Passes and tunnels in the Alps

Crossing the Alps has always been very problematic and dangerous.

Now the roads to the south pass through deep tunnels cut into the rocks.

• Simplon Tunnel between Switzerland and Italy, the world's longest railway tunnel was opened in 1922. Its length is 19.8 km.
• Saint Gotthard Tunnel(16.4 km long), built in 1980, holds the record for the longest road tunnel.

Where is it located and how to get there

Address: Europe, Alps

Alps - mountain system in Europe on the map

GPS coordinates: 46.01667,11.18333

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The Alps are mature mountains, although not as old as the Urals (which are about 350 million years old). The Alps were formed "only" some 40 million years ago, when two giant lithospheric plates - the Adriatic (present-day Africa) and Central European (Eurasia) collided. As a result of the enormous pressure, the rocks of the slabs crumpled like plasticine, and a significant part was squeezed upwards. Thus, the sky-high peaks of a young mountainous country were formed, the glaciation of which occurred only 1.5-1.8 million years ago. Today these mountains are known as the Alps. Together with them, neighboring mountain ranges were formed - the Carpathians, the Pyrenees and the Apennines. With the further "departure" of Africa, the single mountain system was torn, losing its integrity, and the Eurasian plate acquired modern look. The name "Alps", according to some sources, comes from the Celtic word, which means "high mountains".

On the territory of the Alpine mountainous country, Austria and Switzerland are entirely located, and such small states as Liechtenstein and Monaco. The northern parts of the Alps are within the boundaries of Germany, the western - within the limits of France, the southern - Italy. The southeastern ridges enter the territory of Slovenia. Seen from a bird's eye view, the mountain strip of the Alps extends in a semicircle from the Ligurian Sea and breaks off before reaching the Danube. The length of the semicircle along the outer edge is about 1200 km, along the inner edge - about 750 km, the width is from 50 km to 260 km. The total area of ​​the mountain system reaches more than 200 thousand kilometers. The geological history of the Alps is somewhat confused. It looks unusual, and even fabulous, when huge mountain peaks hang among the green hills with smooth outlines and cozy little houses. Hills, this type of relief is called the Pre-Alps, composed of limestone, dolomite and flysch. In the mountains, in particular in the Glarn Alps, the remains of older rocks were found, lying on top of younger ones. In the collision of plates, ancient rocks were forced out by flush upwards, which led to such consequences. Geographically, the mountains are divided into two parts: Western Alps And Eastern Alps, the border between them runs along the valley of the river Rhine.

diagram of the Western and Eastern Alps

IN Western Alps ah are the highest mountain ranges, the highest point of which is Mont Blanc. In French, "Mont Blanc" means " white mountain". The peaks of the Alps have always attracted climbers. Many tried to conquer Mont Blanc, but only in 1786 mountain guide Jacques Balm and physician Michel-Gabriel Packard were the first to reach the summit, and a year later Saussure (a Swiss geologist, botanist and climber) organized a large expedition , thanks to which the height of Mont Blanc is measured - 4807 meters.

Following them, scientists, aristocrats, and women rushed to conquer the peaks. It is said that by the end of the 1860s there was not a single peak left in the Alps, where no human foot had set foot. Today, the Alps are considered the most traveled among the mountain systems of our planet. The very word "alpinism" - climbing mountain peaks, clearly indicates the birthplace of this sport, which originated in the Alps at the end of the 18th century. The border of the Eastern Alps with the Western starts from lake constance in the north, runs along the valleys of the rivers Rhine, Liro and Mera to Lake Como in the south. The Eastern Alps differ from the Western Alps in their wider and less high mountain valley. most high point is Mount Bernina 4049 meters.

mount bernina

It is interesting that the Eastern Alps are homogeneous in origin with the Carpathians and represent a continuation of the Western Carpathians. This is the same mountain fold of the earth's crust, but having met the Bohemian massif, consisting of ancient hard rocks (granite, syenite), the Alps deviated from their original direction, and bypassing this massif, turned sharply to the northeast again and took the direction of the Western Carpathians. The main European rivers begin in the Alps: the Rhine, Rhone, Bar, Po, Ech, tributaries of the Danube. The mountain range forms the main watershed Central Europe, and falling with precipitation, the water is carried by rivers in all directions. Most of the Alpine rivers originate in glaciers (glaciers), there are about 1100 of them, of which the largest are 100. Of these, Aletsch stands out - the most majestic glacier in the Alps.

The waters that flow from glaciers look like muddy streams, they are also called "glacial milk". They quickly descend, forming waterfalls and whirlpools on their way, streams of water rush into the valleys and, passing through the lakes, leave their sediment there and come out clean and transparent. One of the main decorations of the Alps are numerous lakes, which are located on the southern and northern slopes. The largest: Geneva, Como, Baden, there are also small lakes that are surrounded by rocks and are frozen for most of the year.

small lake formed by a glacier

In addition to high mountains, the Alps also have deep caves. Caves are located in the massifs of the Eastern Alps and there are not so many of them, since the mountain system is still young, mainly karst caves formed by rivers, but there are also ice caves. The largest in the world ice cave is the Eisriesenwelt with a length of 42 kilometers.

Eisriesenwelt cave

It is located in the Salzburg Alps in Austria on the very edge of the Tennen massif. Although the cave is called "ice", but it is formed of limestone, and partially covered with ice, only one kilometer from the entrance. The cave was once formed by a river, and the ice was formed by melting snow that flowed into the cave and froze. The temperature in the cave is kept constant, below zero.

On the slopes of the Alps, altitudinal climatic zonality is clearly expressed, which manifests itself, moving from the warm temperate southern foothills to the harsh high-mountain climate of the upper parts of the mountains with frequent frosts, snowstorms and snowfalls. So, up to about 1000 meters there are many orchards, vineyards and fields. In the belt of 1000-1800 meters the vegetation gradually changes to coniferous forests: spruce and fir forests predominate in more humid areas, pine and cedar forests predominate in drier areas. At altitudes of 1800-2300 meters there are many summer pastures, mostly shrubs grow, meadows prevail. In the highlands, glaciers and snowfields, rocks and stone placers dominate. The Alps, due to their location in the very center of Europe, are one of the most densely populated and accordingly visited mountainous countries on the planet.

The Alps are the highest and longest mountain range among the systems that lie entirely in Europe. At the same time, the Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Ural Mountains are longer, but they also lie on the territory of Asia. The Alps are a complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching in a convex arc to the northwest from the Ligurian Sea to the Middle Danube Lowland. The Alps are located on the territory of 8 countries: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Slovenia. The total length of the Alpine arc is about 1200 km (about 750 km along the inner edge of the arc), and the width is up to 260 km. The highest peak of the Alps is Mont Blanc, at 4,810 meters above sea level, located on the border between France and Italy. In total, about 100 four-thousander peaks are concentrated in the Alps. The Alps are an international center for mountaineering, skiing and tourism. Tourism in the Alps began to develop actively in the 20th century and received a big boost after the end of the Second World War, becoming one of the main destinations at the end of the century.

Five of the eight countries (Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria and Germany) have hosted the Winter Olympics, which were held in alpine venues. Despite the active development of tourism, the Alpine region still has a distinctive traditional culture, including agriculture, woodworking and cheese making.
Due to its location in the center of Western Europe, the Alps are one of the most studied mountain systems. Many concepts are named after the Alps, in particular, the alpine climatic zone, the period of alpine folding, the alpine type of relief, alpine meadows, mountaineering.

There is no unanimously accepted opinion on the origin of the name Alps.
According to one version, the Latin word Alpes, which was formed from Albus (White), was used as early as the 1st century BC to refer to mountains covered with snow. Another suggestion suggests that the name comes from the words Al or Ar, which meant highlands. The word Alpe in modern French and Italian means Mountain peak, as well as Alp in German.
The word Alpeis, or Alpes, was used to designate high mountains and mountain ranges by scientists of Ancient Greece and Ancient Byzantium. In particular, Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine writer of the 6th century, calls the Alps and the Pyrenees in his writings by the same name, Geminas Alpeis. Other mountains were called by similar names ( Carpathian mountains-Basternikae Alpes). This word has been preserved unchanged in modern Greek - Άλπεις (Alpeis).
The Celtic language also contained the word Alpes, which the Celts called all the high mountains. Further it was transformed into the English Alps. Presumably, it came to the Celts from the Roman Empire.

Geography

The Alps are an important climate divide in Europe. To the north and west of them are territories with a temperate climate, to the south - subtropical Mediterranean landscapes. Precipitation on the windward western and northwestern slopes is 1500 - 2000 mm, in some places up to 4000 mm per year. Origins in the Alps major rivers(Rhine, Rhone, Po, Adige, right tributaries of the Danube), as well as numerous lakes of glacial and tectonic-glacial origin (Bodenskoe, Geneva, Como, Lago Maggiore and others).
The altitudinal zonality of landscapes is well expressed. Up to a height of 800 meters, the climate is moderately warm, on the southern slopes - Mediterranean, there are many vineyards, orchards, fields, Mediterranean shrubs and broad-leaved forests. At an altitude of 800 - 1800 meters the climate is temperate, humid; broad-leaved forests of oak and beech are gradually replaced by coniferous ones upwards. Up to a height of 2200 - 2300 meters, the climate is cold, with long-term snow (the so-called Subalpine belt). Shrubs and tall grass meadows, summer pastures predominate. Above, to the border of eternal snows - the so-called alpine belt with a cold climate, the predominance of short-grass sparse alpine meadows, covered with snow for most of the year. Even higher - nival belt with glaciers, snowfields, rocky slopes.

Climate

To the north and west of the Alps are areas with a temperate climate, to the south - subtropical Mediterranean landscapes. The climate of the various Alpine regions depends on the altitude, position and direction of the wind. In the summer in the Alps, there are hot days that change into cold evenings. It is usually sunny in the mountains in the morning, clouds roll up in the afternoon. Winter brings frequent snowfalls and extended periods of low temperatures. Climate on north side The Alps are colder and wetter, while in the south it is warmer and drier. average temperature July - below +14 °C, January - up to -15 °C. 1000 mm of precipitation falls per year. Snow stays on the plains for one to six months a year. Fog lingers in the valleys for most of the winter. The Alps are characterized local winds. The most important of them is a warm and dry foehn, which is formed as a result of the descent of air masses along the mountain slopes and their compression, accompanied by adiabatic heating. This significantly increases the local temperature, which leads to a sharp melting of snow and frequent avalanches, which poses a threat to human life and can cut off entire cities from the outside world. mountainous areas. At the same time, the foehn creates conditions for farming on much larger absolute altitudes than in places where it does not exist.
The climate and soil and vegetation cover of the Alps have a clearly defined vertical zonality. The Alps are divided into five climatic zones, each with a different type of environment. climate, vegetation and animal world have differences in different climatic zones Alps. Zone mountain range above 3000 meters is called the nival zone. This area, which has a cold climate, is constantly covered with perennial snow. Therefore, there is practically no vegetation in the nival zone.
Alpine meadows lie at an altitude of 2000 to 3000 meters. This zone is less cold than the nival zone. Alpine meadows are characterized by specific, low-growing vegetation, as well as vegetation that forms "grass cushions". This brings this type of ecosystems closer to tundra ones, due to which alpine meadows are also called "mountain tundra".
Just below the alpine zone is the subalpine zone, at an altitude of 1500 to 2000 meters. Spruce forests grow in the subalpine zone, the ambient temperature slowly rises. The temperature in the subalpine zone rises in summer to a maximum of +24 °C on hot sunny days, and usually does not reach +16 °C. Frosts are possible at any time of the year.
At an altitude of 1000 to 1500 meters there is a temperate zone. Millions of oak trees grow in this zone. They are also involved in agriculture.
Below 1000 meters - lowland, characterized by a wide variety of vegetation. The villages are also located in the lowland, since temperature regime is suitable for human and animal life.

Flora of the Alps

In the regions of the Alpine mountains, scientists have identified 13,000 plant species. Alpine plants are grouped by habitat and soil type, which can be calcareous (limestone) or non-calcareous. Plants live in different ranges natural conditions: from meadows, swamps, forests (deciduous and coniferous) and areas not affected by screes and avalanches, to rocks and ridges. Due to the presence of altitudinal zonality, the diversity and specificity of the alpine flora mainly depends on the height above sea level. In the Alps, there are a variety of biotopes - meadows, which are covered with flowers of bright colors in the valleys, and high mountain areas with modest vegetation. Coniferous trees grow up to an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. Above, up to 3200 meters, there are still dwarf trees. One of the most famous mountain plants- this is a glacial ranunculus, which is a record holder among plants and is found up to a height of 4200 meters. Small groups of plants are found at an altitude of 2800 meters. Many of them, such as forget-me-not and tar, have a special cushion shape that protects them from herbivores living at these heights and moisture loss. Thus, young shoots are also protected from wind and frost. The well-known edelweiss is covered with a layer of white hairs that retain heat well.

Fauna of the Alps

The Alps are home to 30,000 animal species. All mammals live in the Alps year-round, but some of them hibernate during the winter. Only a few bird species remain in the mountains throughout the year. Individual species of birds living in the Alps have perfectly adapted to this rather inhospitable environment. For example, the snowfinch (Oenanthe deserti) builds nests in rock crevices, above the forest boundary, and looks for its food (seeds and insects) on mountain slopes. The Alpine Jackdaw (Pyrrocorax graculus) also nests on rocks well above the forest line. In winter, alpine jackdaws form large flocks and gather around tourist bases and stations where they feed mainly on waste. The nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes) prepares for winter in a special way. In autumn, this bird stores seeds and nuts, which it buries into the ground. Before the start of winter, Kedrovka collects more than 100,000 seeds, which he hides in about 25,000 caches. Thanks to its amazing memory, the nutcracker finds most of its hiding places in winter under a layer of snow, the thickness of which can be more than one meter. The nutcracker also feeds its nestlings with seeds from pantries.
Fauna conservation is ensured through national parks located in the Alps.

Tourism

The Alps are an area of ​​international mountaineering, skiing and tourism. The Alps are popular both in summer and winter as a place for tourism and sports. Alpine skiing, snowboarding, sledding, snowshoeing, ski tours are available in most regions from December to April. During the summer, the Alps are popular with hikers, cyclists, paragliders, climbers, while the many Alpine lakes attract swimmers, yachtsmen and surfers. The low-lying regions and major cities of the Alps are well connected by motorways and expressways, but higher, mountain passes and highways can be dangerous even in summer. Many mountain passes are closed winter period. The development of tourism is facilitated by a large number of airports throughout the Alps, as well as good rail links with all neighboring countries. The Alps are usually visited by over 50 million tourists annually.

Information

• Countries: France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Monaco
• Period of education: Mesozoic
• Square: 190,000 km²
• Length: 1,200 km
• Width: up to 260 km
• highest peak: Mont Blanc
• Highest point: 4810 m

Source. wikipedia.org

Alps- the highest mountains of Western Europe - occupy part of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Slovenia.

A complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching in a convex arc to the northwest from the Mediterranean Sea to the Middle Danube Plain. The length is approximately 1200 kilometers (about 750 kilometers along the inner edge of the arc). Width up to 260 kilometers. The transverse valley between Lake Constance and Lake Como is divided into the higher Western Alps (up to 4807 meters high, Mount Mont Blanc) and the lower and wider Eastern Alps (up to 4049 meters, Mount Berdina).

In the Alps - the sources of the Rhine, Rhone, Po, Adige, right tributaries of the Danube. Numerous lakes of glacial and tectonic-glacial origin (Bodenskoye, Geneva, Como, Lago Maggiore and others).

The altitudinal zonality of landscapes is well expressed. Up to a height of 800 meters, the climate is moderately warm, on the southern slopes - Mediterranean, there are many vineyards, orchards, fields, Mediterranean shrubs and broad-leaved forests. At an altitude of 800-1800 meters the climate is temperate, humid; broad-leaved forests of oak and beech are gradually replaced by coniferous ones upwards. Up to a height of 2200-2300 meters, the climate is subalpine, cold, with long-term snow. Shrubs and tall grass meadows predominate; summer pastures. Above, to the border of eternal snows, there is an alpine belt with a cold climate, with a predominance of low-grass sparse alpine meadows, covered with snow for most of the year. Even higher - nival belt with glaciers, snowfields, rocky slopes.

The Alps are an area of ​​international mountaineering, tourism, and skiing.

Main ski resorts: Megeve (France), Chamonix (France), Courchevel (France), Zermatt (Switzerland), Grindelwald (Switzerland), St. Moritz (Switzerland), Davos (Switzerland), Lech (Austria), St. Anton ( Austria), Kitzbühel (Austria), Seefeld (Austria), Cortina d'Ampezzo (Italy), Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany).

Photos of the mountains of the Alps:

Where are they located on the map:

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Alps

Description of the Alps

Location of the Alps mountain system on the world map

(the limits of the mountain system are approximate) The Alps are the highest and longest mountain range among the systems that lie entirely in Europe. At the same time, the Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Ural Mountains are longer, but they also lie on the territory of Asia.

The Alps are a complex system of ridges and massifs, stretching in a convex arc to the northwest from the Ligurian Sea to the Middle Danube Lowland.

Where are the Alps located? Coordinates, map and photo.

The Alps are located on the territory of 8 countries: France, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Slovenia. The total length of the Alpine arc is about 1200 km (about 750 km along the inner edge of the arc), and the width is up to 260 km. The highest peak of the Alps is Mont Blanc, at 4,810 meters above sea level, located on the border between France and Italy. In total, about 100 four-thousander peaks are concentrated in the Alps.

The Alpine mountains are one of the main European cities.

Where are the Alps: interesting facts about the mountains

Not only fans of skiing come here, but also those who want to enjoy clean air and healing waters from local thermal springs. Eight European countries that host alpine reefs and arches are participating for the first time in creating attractive conditions for tourists.

How to make an itinerary for visiting the Alps so that you can see all the interesting things for a short vacation?

Iitoria in the mountains

Covered in snow and surrounded by mist peaks of the alpine mountains gave the name to the mountainous area.

It is assumed that it comes from the Latin word "albus" ("white").

Age of the Alpine mountains feature cannot be determined.

Between 34 and 23 million years ago, a tectonic collision occurred that caused the longest European mountain region to emerge. Length of the Alps is 1200 kilometers.

For many years the Alps have been an inevitable natural barrier.

They restricted the movement of trade and military expeditions. Local residents avoided climbing more high altitude, as they could meet avalanches, storms and frosts.

The study of the Alpine mountains began only in the second half of the 18th century.

Enthusiast scientists studied the flora, fauna, glaciers and geology of the range. At the same time, the term "alpinism" was born, which at that time meant walking on the slopes without special equipment. In 1786 he was first conquered highest alpine mountain— Mont Blanc.

The history of the Alps as a tourist center dates back to the 19th century.

Then the rich people came in mountain hotels to enjoy unusual views and swim from the waters of thermal springs. End of XIX. Over the centuries, winter sports have been gaining popularity. In the Alpine mountains there ice rink and ski championships.

The Alpine Mountains were the site of the first Winter Olympics and remain the most popular.

Developed infrastructure, suitable weather conditions and the presence of modern sports facilities have always offered places in the Alps for the Winter Olympic Games.

Today Mountain landscape is one of the largest in the world tourist centers. More than 100 million people visit these places every year. Nature of the Alps not only attracts lovers of extreme sports.

Fresh air, healing properties of springs and unique local culture provide a constant flow of tourists at any time of the year.

Attractions in the Alps

Most tourists go to the Alpine mountains to enjoy unique views, try their hand at the mountainside and swim in the local resources.

But the Alpine region is a place where several European cultures meet at the same time. There are interesting objects with architectural, historical and religious value.

Prices for flights and tickets

There are no major airports in the immediate vicinity of the Alps.

Airlines sometimes organize flights to Bolzano (Italy) and Innsbruck (Austria), but these connections are seasonal. Most tourists prefer to book a ticket to one of the nearest major airports, and the rest of the route is taken by bus or train.

The Alpine Mountains are easier to reach from international airports located in the following locations:

1. Munich;
2. Milan;
3. Verona;
4. Innsbruck;
5. Salzburg;
6. Venice;
7. Vein;
8. Bolzano;
9. Bologna;
10. Klagenfurt;
11. Friedrichshafen;
12. Bergamo;
13. Brescia.

The most suitable routes for Russian tourists are the airports of Munich and Milan.

They are associated with regular flights to the largest cities in Russia. Depending on the distance from the selected Alpine settlement, the route from the airport can take from 1 to 2 hours.

Travel from Munich to popular ski region can be overtaken on the road: the city is connected to the Alps with three modern buses.

From Munich Airport to the mountains, it is advisable to get to the S-Banh suburban line. In this case you will be in 40 minutes.

If you decide to visit the western part of the Alps, your trip will take place at the airports of Milan or Verona.

Milan has good communication with Russian cities, but you still need to get to the Alps through Verona. If you don't find a direct flight to Romeo and Juliet, don't give up: the Milan route will be comfortable. In both international airports Milan direct Milan buses are at Milan station where you can buy a ticket to Verona.

The trip from Verona to the Alps can be beaten by car, traveling on a two hour trip or by train.

Trains run from 5.00 to 22.00, every half an hour they are cured from the platform. Tickets cost from 10 euros, and they will have to spend 1.5-2 hours on the road.

Alps

Alps(French les Alpes, German die Alpen, t. le Alpi, Slovenian Alpe, from lat. montes albes - white mountains, the name of Celtic origin is also possible alb - high, or alpa - hill) - the highest mountain system in Western Europe, extends in an arc from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to the Middle Danube Lowland on the territory of European countries Austria, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Slovenia, France, Switzerland.

The length of the mountain system is 1200 km, width - 130-260 km, height up to 4807 m (Mount Blanc). The arc is convex to the northwest with a transverse depression, within which lie Lakes Constance and Como. There are Western and Eastern Alps.

Division of the Alps

The Western Alps consist of the Maritime, Kotsky, Savoy, Bernese Alps. Their average height 3.000-4.000 m. Individual peaks reach more than 4000 m:

Mont Blanc ( highest peak Alps and Europe) 4.809 m,
Monte Rosa 4.638 m,
Weisgorn 4.512 m and others.
The Western Alps are characterized by a well-discovered arched shape of the ridges, a sharp asymmetry of slopes - inner steep, outer gentle, a large development of glaciers.

In the Eastern Alps, the Bernese, Rhaetian, Dolomitic and Carnic ridges, which extend in width, stand out especially.

The average height of the Eastern Alps is 2.500-3.500 m, there are also fewer glaciers.

In addition to the division into Western and Eastern, the Alps are also divided in the latitudinal direction: into the Northern Prealps - (limestone and slate mountains), the Central Alps - (crystalline ridges) and the Southern Prealps - (limestone and sandstone mountains).

The Alps were formed during the day of the Alpine folding.

The axial zone of the Alps is composed of crystalline and metamorphic rocks, along the periphery - flysch and molas formations. Deposits of iron, manganese, magnesite and polymetallic ores, rock salt (in the Eastern Alps).

Also insignificant deposits of brown and hard coal. The Alps have numerous spring outlets mineral water including warm, on the basis of which resorts were built (Baden-Baden, Bad Weslau, Badgastein, Ischl, Reichengal, Ex-Lebena and others).

About 1,200 glaciers (with a total area of ​​over 4,000 km2). There are many lakes of tectonic-glacial origin.

Where are the Alps located?

The Alps have many convenient passes - Mont Cenis, St. Bernard, Simplon, St. Gotthard, Bernina, Brenner, Tauern. Tunnels were laid through the Alps: Simplonsky, St. Gotthard and others.

The climate and soil and vegetation cover of the Alps have a clearly pronounced vertical zonality: up to 1200 m the climate is moderately warm, broad-leaved forests grow; from 1300 to 1700 m the climate is temperate, the vegetation is coniferous forests; 1700-2300 m - subalpine zone; 2300-3200 m - alpine zone with a temperate cold climate, above - the zone of eternal snow.

highest peaks

4.809 m: Mont Blanc
4.478 m: Matterhorn, Apennine Alps
3.970 m: Eiger, Bernese Alps
4.166 m: Jungfrau, Bernese Alps
Rivers

Rhine
Rhone
Po, a tributary of the upper Danube;
lakes

Geneva
garda
Lago Maggiore
Constance
Glaciers (glaciers)

The line of eternal snow lies in the north at an altitude of 2.500 m, and in the south - 3.000-3.200 m.

The total area of ​​modern glaciation is 4140 km2. Glaciers in the Alps ca. 1200, the largest is Aletsch in the Bernese Alps with an area of ​​169 km2. Rivers originate from glaciers: Rhone, Rhine, Adi-je, Inn, Drava, etc.

About 1200 glaciers (the largest is Aletsch);

Main rail and road routes

Mont Cenis, Simplon, Saint Gotthard, Arlberg, Brenner, Semmering;

tourism, winter sports, mountaineering.

Geography of Italy

Italy map Topographic map Italy Italian cities and shtetl Photo from space.

Southern Italy and Sicily on the map 1849 p. Italy (Italia) is a state in the south of Europe, in the Mediterranean. DETAILS

Western Alps

Western Alps, part of the Alps mountain system.

Located west of a line running from Lake Constance north to Lake Como south, within Italy, France and Switzerland. Western Alps - the most DETAILS

Kotian Alps

Monte visa Cotes Alps (fr. Alpes Cottiennes t. Cozie) - mountains, part of the Western Alps in France and Italy. The Kotian Alps are separated from the Alpes-Maritimes (in the south) by the Larcher Pass (Maddalena), DETAILS

Graian Alps

Graian Alps Graian Alps

Alpes Grees (Graies), t. Alpi Graie mountains, part of the Western Alps in France (Savoie), Italy (Piedmont and Valle-Daosta) and Switzerland (west of the Valais canton).

Lepontine Alps

Lepontinsky Alps (Italian: Alpi Lepontine mountains, part of the Western Alps in Switzerland (cantons of Valais, Ticino and Grisons) and Italy (Piedmont).

The Lepontinsky Alps are separated from the Bernese Alps (more

Eastern Alps

Eastern Alps, part of the Alps mountain system. To the east of the line passing through the Alps from Lake Constance in the north along the valleys of the rivers Rhine and Posterior Rhine to the Splügen Pass, the year of Liro and Peace to the lake DETAILS Our site was created for those who want to gain knowledge.
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Where are the Alps located?

ALPINE MOUNTAINS

Coordinates, map and photo.

The Alps are located in Central Europe
and are located in the territories of southern Austria, northern Italy, the southern half of Switzerland and the eastern outskirts of France.

On the map below, the Alps are highlighted in a darker color than the adjacent plains. To see the snow-covered ridges of the Alps, switch the map to satellite mode in its upper corner.

Coordinates:
46.5082512 northern latitude
10.8489056 east longitude

Alps on the interactive map which can be controlled:

Alps are on the list: mountains

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