Landmarks of the Kingdom of Spain. Entertainment and attractions in Spain. Resort holidays in Spain

Country of cultural traditions and tourism

general information

Official name
Political structure: a constitutional monarchy.
Territorial-administrative division A: 52 provinces make up 17 autonomous regions.

Royal dynasties: the most famous are the Habsburgs and the Bourbons.

Languages ​​: Spanish ( official language- 73%), Catalan (second state - 24%), Galician, Basque.

Currency: euro.
Religion: Catholic (97%).

Numbers

Population density: 91.24 people/km2.

Highest point: the summit of the Teide volcano in Tenerife - 3718 m.
coastline length: 4964 km (including the Balearic and Canary Islands).

Climate and weather

Industry: ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (marine vessels, automobiles, agricultural machines, machine tools, electrical products), chemical industry, light and manufacturing industries.

Agriculture: 1st place in the world in the production of olive oil, 2nd place in the world in the collection of citrus fruits, 3rd place in the world in the production of wine. The fishing industry is one of the most significant in Europe.

Attractions

Curious facts

Spain is a country of opportunities, fine wine, exhilarating bullfights and beautiful beaches. In addition, this is a country with a rich history and many attractions that are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. There is something to see, something to try, to please your eyes and fantasies. Everyone should get acquainted with this rich country, it will reveal its secrets to travelers, plunge into the grandeur of architecture, parks, beaches, museums. What to see in Spain? About this in detail in this article.

Kingdom of Spain attractions

The Kingdom of Spain is famous for its sights and rich history. Not a single traveler will be bored here, because incendiary dances are met everywhere, and kind, friendly people will help in any situation and you can make strong friendships for life.

For reference! Spain is a colorful country whose inhabitants belong to different nationalities and do not look alike, they speak different dialects.

What is Spain famous for?

Spain has developed tourist attractions. Spanish castles, museums, palaces amaze with their luxury and magnificence. What else is Spain famous for? Many people know that water parks are very famous, there are many of them. Recreation in water parks is fun and interesting, many impressions and pleasant memories will remain in the memory of every adult and child.

Water parks in Spain:

• "Port Aventura";
• Siam Park;
• PortAventura Caribe Aquatic Park;
• AQUARAMA;
• Quesada Aquapark;
• "Marineland";
• waterworld;
• AQUABRAVA;
• "Aqualandia";
• aquamijas;
• Western Park;
• Aqualand Maspalomas Water Park.

Each water park in Spain welcomes vacationers with an excellent program, entertainment complexes and a cozy atmosphere.

Water parks in Spain on the map

Important information! Siesta is a favorite activity of all Spaniards and involves a 2-hour sleep after dinner. From 13:00 to 16:00, life in the country seems to freeze, this can cause some inconvenience for tourists.

What to see in Spain: attractions map

The whole country is like one big museum, there is something to see and admire. majestic museums, outstanding parks, famous temples, ancient castles- this is a fraction of the many beautiful sights that are located in this interesting country.

Attractions of Spain (map)

What is Spain famous for? Short description the main attractions of the Spanish state:

• National Prado Museum in Madrid. IN given time the museum greets travelers with magnificent works of Spanish masters, as well as a presentation of the works of the Italian art school.
• Sagrada Familia Cathedral in Barcelona, ​​also known as the Sagrada Familia. The creator of the Gaudi project believed that the temple was destined for the role of the Bible, erected into an architectural structure. The facades of the cathedral symbolize the stages in the life of Jesus Christ: Birth, Torment and Resurrection. Everyone will like this temple, this is the most popular place among European travelers.
• Cave of Altamira in Santander. This cave is unique in its nature and has walls about 300 meters long, which depict drawings that tell about the life of the first people. Altamira Cave strikes with the brightness of colors, textures, the reliability of the transmitted drawing, truthfulness and specificity. Having been here - you will never forget, this is the greatness of the ancient heritage.
• Park Guell in Barcelona. This park is the object of the magnificent creator Gaudi, distinguished by an external sense of harmony and naturalness. The pavilions of the park look like cakes, the columns can be confused with trees, they are so skillfully made. In Park Güell, the fictional and the present harmonize.
• Colomares Castle in Benalmadena, displays the events of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of America. The ship of Columbus and the ships accompanying his expedition are immortalized here. A chapel with an amazing area of ​​​​only 2 sq.m. has been erected on the territory.
• Alcazar of the Christian Kings in Cordoba. The impregnable citadel, the grandeur of architecture, beautiful gardens And rich story What is this Alcazar like? The construction of the Main Tower, as well as the Lion Tower, dates back to the 15th century, and during the reconstruction, the Inquisition Tower and the Pigeon Tower were built. The Alcazar is undoubtedly a majestic place that every self-respecting traveler should visit.
• La Rioja in Rioja. Wine lovers will find this town magical, it is famous for its vineyards. The fertile soil and climate create favorable conditions for growing different varieties of grapes. Guides will definitely offer informative excursions in this wonderful wine place. And finally, you can visit the fortress of Laguardia, and in it is a museum of wine culture.
• The old city of Cuenca. In the center of the city is the Cathedral, where you need to visit the museum of art Tesoro Catedralicio. It is also worth paying attention to St. Julian's Park, the Royal Houses and the Mermaid's House.

Spain map

• Salou in the province of Tarragona great resort located on the Costa Dorada. People come here not only for beach holiday but also for windsurfing. Picturesque trails and coastal nature enchant the eye.
• national park Ordesa and Monte Perdido. Main attraction- this is the Ordesa canyon, the impressive size of huge rocks hanging from both sides of the mountain path. At least once in a lifetime, this beauty must be seen with your own eyes!
• Ibiza. Famous spanish resort, tourists from all over the world rush to it all year round. Magnificent beaches, clear water and enchanting views of nature so attract vacationers. The peak zone of youth nightlife is concentrated in the old fishing village. The island is attractive for vacationers all seasons, thanks to the fresh sea breeze.
• Santiago de Compostelo in Galicia, this attraction is of a religious nature. At the entrance to the city, travelers are greeted by an impressive statue of a pilgrim. It is interesting that the cathedral is built in the shape of a cross, has a rich altar, among all the wooden figure of St. James, towering on a pedestal, is especially admired.
• City of Segovia. This city is home to a Roman aqueduct, built using 20,400 granite blocks, without the use of cement. It is very spectacular and has a length of 18 km and consists of 166 arched structures. Segovia is famous for its many cathedrals and fortresses.
• Costa Brava in Catalonia is a magnificent resort, with picturesque nature and excellent infrastructure. There are many here small towns, each of which can offer travelers a special spectacle, they include museums, castles, cathedrals, churches, fountains, art centers and more.
• The old city of Toledo invites tourists to plunge into the uniqueness of cultures and eras, especially since it has retained its original appearance to this day. The attention of travelers is attracted by the Arab fortress Alcazar, the San Martin bridge, the Tavera hospital.
• Escorial Monastery in Madrid. This monastery is an architectural treasure of the country, it also houses a museum that allows you to see exhibits related to the construction of the monastery, as well as a world-class art gallery, a collection of gold and silver products, decorated with precious stones.

Spain is a country worth visiting for everyone. Depending on the level of claims and individual desires, everyone will personally like this or that corner of Spain. You have a description of the outstanding sights of the country of Spain, so you can safely travel on your own, or on a sightseeing tour. In Spain, like other countries in the European Union, the currency is the euro. Throughout the country, people speak Spanish, you can also hear English and Catalan here.

Note! The Spaniards speak at a fast pace with increased emotional loudness and gesticulation, but this does not in any way echo aggressiveness, because the people of Spain are friendly people.

Butron castle in Spain

In addition, Russian tourists will like the wonderful Spanish national food, you can bring a lot of souvenirs, goods, gifts and products of Spanish production with you home. Unusual Spanish souvenirs are sold throughout the country. The most popular are castanets, fans and bull figurines made of various materials.

Visiting this country, one expands one's horizons, one remembers for a long time the bright and groovy flamenco, the intriguing bullfight and many majestic architectural monuments that are the property of the country. Forward for new, vivid impressions!

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Palace complex The Alhambra in Granada is close to architectural perfection. It is possibly the most exquisite piece of Islamic art in the world. In addition, it is the most enduring monument of 800 years of Moor rule in Spanish region which they called Al-Andalus. The red fortress towers of the Alhambra dominate the panorama of Granada, standing out against the backdrop of the snowy peaks of the Sierra Nevada. Close to the Alhambra, we see how the perfect proportions of the gardens of the Generalife complement the exquisite details of the Nasrid palace. In general, this is the most beautiful monument in Spain.

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One of Spain's greatest landmarks, Antoni Gaudí's creation, built in the style of Spanish modernism, will continue to be completed for more than 80 years after the death of its creator. Bizarre and intricate, inspired by nature itself and only slightly limited by the gothic style, the amazing temple of Barcelona rises into the sky with majesty. Incredible curves and deviations from the architectural canons will leave you bewildered, and the small details of the decorative curls on the facade of the Passion of Christ and the Nativity facade are worth many hours of study.

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The Mesquita, the striking temple complex of Córdoba, was founded in 785 and is the most beautiful mosque in Europe and rivals any other in splendor. architectural masterpieces Muslim world. This mosque meant so much to the main city of Muslim Andalusia that each new caliph tried to leave a trace of his rule in it. The most impressive additions to the mosque are the arches and vaults of the chapel of the august persons, built in the 10th century. Apart from the Christian temple, which became part of the Mezquita in the 16th century, this is purely Muslim architecture in all its splendor.

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Get back to ancient Spanish medieval Christianity and experience Seville masses at the amazing Easter celebrations that take place throughout Holy Week. During the processions of representatives of religious brotherhoods, believers carry the most beautiful paso(figures) of Christ and the Virgin Mary to the noisy greetings of the laity. The most glorious procession takes place in madru-gada(first hours) Good Friday. Having seen these celebrations, it is already impossible to forget them, as they are an exotic and infinitely delightful combination of theatricality, seriousness and deep faith. Religious processions happen in other cities of Spain, but nowhere do they reach such proportions as in Seville.

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Madrid is not the only European city with an active nightlife, but it excels in its rhythm and intensity of street noise. As Ernest Hemingway noted, “in Madrid, no one goes to bed until they have enjoyed the night to the end.” Here you will find an endless variety of adjoining bars, small clubs, lively discos, cocktail bars, as well as chic clubs where celebrities flock. To truly feel this atmosphere, head to neighborhoods such as Huertas, Malasana, Chueca and La Latina.

The main attraction of any country is people! About what the Spaniards really are, see our video:

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The chefs can even turn snacks at the bar into works of art. Pintxos(pintxos - Basque tapas), sometimes called " haute cuisine in miniature" are small appetizers often served on a piece of French bread. It is worth going to any bar in the center of San Sebastian, and at the counter you will be offered a rich selection of snacks. All in all, this is the most unforgettable culinary experience in Spain. Although the atmosphere in such bars is always relaxed, the art of experimenting with flavor combinations is very serious (this is the hallmark of the Basque Country), and there is no doubt that it will only improve with time.

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The City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, which was created by one of the largest Spanish architects Santiago Calatrava, helped transform the third largest city in Spain into one of its most vibrant places. A daring and stunning masterpiece modern architecture, this complex includes a modern theater - the Reina Sofia Palace of Arts, the huge Oceanographic Aquarium, the Hemisphere Planetarium and the Prince Philip Science Museum.

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La Rioja is a place where you can spend whole weeks winding along quiet roads in search of a glass of delicious wine. Wine tastings are offered in the wine shops (bodegas), and in the picturesque villages the traveler will find excellent wine museums, the backbone of the region. Hotel marquesdeRisk not far from Elciego, built by Frank Gehry, can be called the "Guggenheim of Bilbao" - in terms of architectural scale and ambition. This hotel has become an elite center for wine tourism throughout the region.

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Bathed in the bright light of lanterns, elegant central square Major of the city of Salamanca - perhaps the most beautiful square Spain. But it's just one of the city's many gems, with architectural splendor that few places in the entire country can match. One of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Europe is located in this city, so nighttime festivities here are not complete without student feasts. It is the combination of splendor and energy that makes Salamanca the favorite city of many Spaniards.

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The Sierra Nevada, with the majestic Mulasen Peak (3479 meters), the highest mountain in mainland Spain, serves as a mesmerizing backdrop for the warm city of Granada. Here you can ski in winter, walk in summer, and explore amazing pueblosblancos(white villages) Las Alpujarras. The villages of Las Alpujarras are one of the refuges of the Moors on Spanish soil and are somewhat reminiscent of the oases of North Africa; they are lost among the forests and deep gorges for which the region is famous.

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There may not be many marvels of architecture in Madrid, but what they lack is more than made up for by an incredible array of art galleries. The pearl of Madrid is the Prado Museum, where there was a place for the masterpieces of Goya, Velasquez, El Greco and other masters from all over Europe. However, within walking distance of the Prado is also the Reina Sofia Art Center, where Picasso's Guernica is exhibited, as well as works by Dali and Miro. Nearby is the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, which has collected the works of the greatest authors of many centuries.

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According to one of the testimonies, the emerald-green region of Asturias, spread out in the north-west of Spain, has 211 bays. Although the Atlantic is quite chilly here, which may not be to the liking of sunbathers, the beauty of these often wild and unspoiled stretches is simply breathtaking. Moreover, the villages, of which there are many along the coast and throughout the region, are among the most beautiful in the coastal regions of Spain. And the dishes served in this part of the country are also famous throughout Spain.

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The sublime and melancholic, touchingly intense art of flamenco originated in Andalusia and still exists here in the south of Spain, where you can get acquainted with the masterpieces of this genre. The birthplace of flamenco is located somewhere between Seville, Cadiz and Jerez de la Frontera, and in all three cities the colors of live flamenco cut through the night. Seville is especially rich in flamenco establishments. Performances with this dance are very incendiary and are remembered for a long time.

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Spain offers the hiking traveler a wide variety of places to walk, but the Aragonese Pyrenees are especially famous for being the ideal destination for hiking. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is one of the most outstanding (both literally and figuratively) places in the Pyrenees. The highest point of this mountain range is the peak of Monte Perdido (3348 meters). The park offers to climb the majestic rock walls and ice platforms, where you can sometimes meet chamois. Please note that the park has a limit on the number of people who can be in it at the same time.

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You can get a royal stay at the Spanish state network paradores(paradors) - often luxurious and always exceptionally comfortable former castles, palaces and monasteries. There are only 86 such paradors throughout the country. They make up the golden fund of the European real estate service, and many are also located on the territory of historical complexes (for example, the Alhambra of Granada), and the prices for an overnight stay are more moderate than you might imagine, especially if you book online and in advance.

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These peaks rise in a tight group just above the rugged and ever-changing coastline of Cantabria and Asturias. The Picos are three majestic limestone massifs, unique to Spain, but geologically similar to the Alps. The peaks of Europe are crossed by the most interesting tourist routes. These mountain ranges, being an integral part of the second largest national park in Spain, boast the most picturesque mountain landscapes in the country - this is a serious claim, considering that Spain also has the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada. The Picos de Europa take pride of place in this high circle.

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While the Mediterranean coast of Spain has become the epitome of mass tourism, Menorca occupies a special place in its composition. The island managed to be saved from the harmful effects of excessive economic development, so most of it is biosphere reserve UNESCO. The island has coastline 216 km long with many beaches that deserve a separate description. Someone claims that getting to them by sea is the height of pleasure, but it is no less pleasant to spend time there. Among the best beaches are Macarelleta and Turqueta.

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According to legend, Saint James, one of the twelve apostles, rested here. Therefore, Santiago de Compostela in the far north-west of Galicia attracts pilgrims like no other place in the country. Its splendid cathedral is adorned with an extraordinarily rich Romanesque façade and remarkable spiers. The cathedral is a famous pilgrimage destination for pilgrims on the Way of St. James in northern Spain. But look behind the cathedral and you will see many other exquisite monuments, as well as get acquainted with the magnificent culinary culture that embodies all of Galicia.

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The noisiest Spanish festival is one of the most spectacular. It takes place annually in March in Valencia and is an explosive celebration with fireworks, music and bonfires that light up the sky for almost a whole week. But it's not just noisy fun. The Las Fallas festival has deep cultural roots and is exceptionally inventive. During it, each district tries to outdo the others in producing beautiful wood and papier-mâché sculptures that are burned at the climax of the festival.

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Jamon (jamon, smoked ham) is one of the main dishes of Spanish cuisine and one of the few that can be found throughout the country. If there is a national Spanish dish, then it is not even paella, but jamon. In almost any Spanish restaurant, almost at any time, at least one jamon is prepared, laid out in a special brazier called jamonera. Thin, like a waffle, slices of selected jamon (it is called Jamonibericodebellota, although there are many other types of jamon) is simplicity itself, and they personify the Spanish culinary paradise for us.

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Cape Cabo de Gata is a virgin strip of protected coastline east of Almeria. These places are truly legendary for many Spaniards. For most of the year, the beaches nestled between towering cliffs are virtually deserted. Rarely where else can you dive and take a walk on foot. Indeed, Cabo de Gata is a kind of oasis, places of stunning beauty that look exactly like in those days when no one, except for the inhabitants of the Spanish coast, had yet heard of the Costa del Sol. Best of all, you can't see any tourist areas from here.

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Every year, tens of thousands of pilgrims and tourists, driven by a variety of motives, embark on a journey through northern Spain. They are heading to Santiago de Compostela, a place of great importance to all Christians. But the attraction of this great route is not limited to religious feelings. There are many tourist routes in the north of Spain, but no other allows you to penetrate so deeply into the soul of Spain, experience the joys and whims of its nature. And at the end of even the smallest transition, you will have experiences for the rest of your life.cadizturismo.com

24. Vacation in Cadiz

Cadio creates a special dashing feeling of "living today" and almost immediately makes you fall in love with its central, sometimes destroyed, streets of the 18th century. locals while away the hot summer nights in the squares of the old city and in bars near the water. And the fame of how the carnival is celebrated in Cadiz, of its fun and passion, spreads throughout the country. And the city itself is absolutely charming: breathtaking historical monuments, snaking whitewashed paths, panoramic lookouts and Cathedral Square- all this is no less beautiful than in other cities in Spain, and sometimes even better if you are blown by the cool salty Cadiz breeze.

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We look quite tiny next to the wild Atlantic cliffs of the Galician coast. Near Cape Ortegal you will be blown strong winds, and the huge Atlantic waves will seem like just a tide when they break on the rocks of the cape far below. And along the Costa da Morte, where they only talk about shipwrecks, long and deserted sandy expanses are interspersed with formidable rocky headlands. If only all Spanish beaches were so pristine!

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Barcelona has been a European style icon for decades, and designers from the haute couture world have played a significant role in ensuring that reputation never leaves the city. As a result, Barcelona has become one of the largest centers shopping world, a place where originality really matters. Shop while walking along the boulevards of Barcelona (Gracia, Rambla de Catalunya and Diagonal Avenue), as well as in countless private shops and jewelry boutiques in gothic quarter, along the Born and Gracia boulevards.

This coast is easily accessible by plane from the rest of Europe. It is strewn with such villages and beaches, which gave rise to Northern Europe passion for summer holidays in Spain. The Costa Brava in Catalonia is one of the most beloved parts of the Mediterranean. In addition, the spirit of Salvador Dali gives originality and exquisite eccentricity to these places. The great artist once lived in Cadaqués. In addition, places such as Figueres and Pubol Castle are associated with the name of Dali.

But is it necessary to expect to marry a Spaniard ?! In this matter, it is better to heed the advice of experienced compatriots ...

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Top attractions to visit in Spain

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Alhambra and Generalife Gardens

Palace and park complex in the city of Granada in southern Spain. It was founded in the 14th century, when the Muslim Moors dominated Spain, served as the residence of the Nasrid dynasty, and now it is a museum of Islamic architecture, which has no equal in Europe.

From the outside, the structure resembles an ordinary fortress, but inside all the walls, arches, columns, windows and vaults are decorated with stone and wood carvings, ceramic tiles, Arabic script and finest workmanship. On the territory of the complex there are several palaces, a mosque, squares, courtyards, passages, stairs and towers. From the top points of the towers open great views to the mountains, Granada and surroundings. Water plays a special role in the design in the form of whimsical fountains, canals, ponds and lakes.

Also part of the complex are the Generalife Gardens (or "Grenada Gardens"), which includes a palace with a patio, in which there is a long pool surrounded by flower beds, fountains, colonnades and pavilions. Cypresses, orange and tangerine trees, jasmine, almonds, oleander and roses grow in the garden.

You need to buy tickets to the Alhambra well in advance and via the Internet, and arrive strictly at the time indicated on the ticket. At the box office, tickets are sold only for the same day, and due to the large influx of tourists and the limited number of visitors who can simultaneously be on the territory of the complex, they are almost never available.

• Address attractions : Calle Real de la Alhambra, s/n. 18071. Granada
• How to get there: in urban Granada: line C3 (Alhambra - Plaza Isabel La Católica) and line C4 (Barranco del Abogado - Cementerio - Plaza Isabella Católica), or on foot - from the center from Plaza Nueva along Cuesta de Gómerez street about 15 minutes walk.
• Working hours: from March 15 to October 14: from 8.30 to 20.00, from October 15 to March 14: from 8.30 to 18.00.
• Entry price: Adults - 15.40 euros, children under 12 years old - free of charge. There is also a so-called night session in the Alhambra (from March 15 to October 14 from 22.00 to 23.30, from October 15 to March 14 - from 20.00 to 21.30) costing 8 euros.

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The museum building was designed by architect Frank Gehry in the deconstructivist style and opened to the public in 1997. Due to its unusual appearance, it immediately became the hallmark of the city of Bilbao and one of its main attractions.

From the outside, the building is covered with glass and titanium plates in the shape of fish scales, and looks like a spaceship. There is not a single right angle in it, and the interior spaces smoothly flow from one to another. In front of the entrance there is a sculpture of a metal spider of an intimidating appearance, as well as a rather cute 13-meter flower dog.

The museum itself is one of the branches of the Solomon Guggenheim Museum of Contemporary Art. It houses both permanent objects from the Guggenheim Foundation and temporary exhibitions of contemporary art masters. There are many interactive art objects with which visitors can come into contact, video installations, but exhibitions of classical art are also organized, for example, paintings by Michelangelo and Durer's engravings were exhibited.

• Address attractions : Abandoibarra Etorbidea, 2, 48011 Bilbao, España
• How to get there: by subway to Moyua station or by tram to Guggenheim stop
• Working hours: from Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00 to 20:00; in July and August - also on Mondays
• Ticket price: 16, students under 26 and pensioners - 9 euros, children under 12 - free of charge.

Seville Cathedral - the largest temple in Spain

It is the largest church in Spain and the third largest in the world after St. Peter's in Rome and St. Paul's in London. Its construction began at the beginning of the 15th century on the site of a former mosque and lasted more than a hundred years, so it harmoniously mixed several architectural styles: Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance. The interior of the cathedral strikes with pomp, luxury and wealth.

The temple has an impressive collection of works of art, including rare and very ancient stained glass windows, paintings by Velasquez, Goya and other artists, sculptures and old manuscripts. Also here is the tomb of Christopher Columbus with the remains of the great navigator.

The bell tower of the Giralda Cathedral is one of the symbols of Seville, it can be seen from anywhere in the city, just as all of Seville can be seen from its top. The way up is not made in the form of steps, as is usually done, but in the form of a convenient ramp, so that even people with handicapped can rise. The tower is crowned with a weather vane in the form of a huge statue.

• Attraction address: Sevilla, Avenida de la Constitucion, Catedral de Santa Maria de la Sede
• How to get there:
• Working hours: Monday - from 11:00 to 15:30, from Tuesday to Saturday - from 11:00 to 17:00, on Sunday from 14:30 to 18:00. At other times, the cathedral is also open, but only for religious services.
• Price for the entrance : 9 euros, students under 26 and pensioners - 4 euros, children under 14 - free of charge. The price includes a visit to the bell tower.

Alcazar Palace in Seville

Alcazar in Seville, Spain

This is a complex of buildings surrounded by a huge park. It was built by the Moors during the period of Moorish rule in Spain, and after the conquest of Seville by the Christians, it was altered and expanded several times. For the next 700 years it was the residence of the Spanish kings and is still used in this capacity.

From the Moors, characteristic tiles and stucco moldings remained here, and one of the buildings - the Moorish Palace - is entirely decorated with the finest paintings, colored tiles and carvings that look like lace. Elements of decoration of the palace can be viewed for hours.

The other part of the complex - the Gothic Palace - is decorated in the Gothic style, and the parts that were once destroyed by an earthquake are in the Baroque style. In general, Muslim and European styles are so mixed up that something completely unique came out.

• Address: Sevilla, Patio de Banderas, Real Alcazar
• How to addfight: by bus T1 (to the Archivo de Indias stop) or C5 (to the Garcia de Vinuesa stop)
• Working hours attractions : every day, from October to March - from 9:30 to 17:00, from April to September - from 9:30 to 19:00. Night visits are also possible (from April to October) - from 21:00.
• Ticket price: 9,50 EUR, students and pensioners - 2 euros, free entry for the disabled and children under 16 years old. Free admission on Mondays, from 18:00 to 19:00 (April to September) and from 16:00 to 17:00 (October to March). Evening ticket costs 13 euros.

The museum of the famous Spanish artist is located in the Jewish quarter of Toledo, in a restored old house built in the 16th century. It was in Toledo that El Greco created most of his masterpieces.

Real home the artist was nearby, but was completely destroyed during a fire, and the creators tried to recreate the exterior and interior, as well as the atmosphere of the house, as far as possible. For this, personal belongings and pieces of furniture that survived the fire were used, and, of course, a large number of the artist's works.

Also of interest is the hall of the “El Greco school”, where paintings by the painter’s students and other Spanish artists and sculptors of the 16th-17th centuries are displayed.

• Address attractions : Toledo, Paseo del Transito, s/n 45002
• How to get there: bus number 5, 12, 6.1 and 6.2 to the historic quarter.
• Working hours: Tuesday - Saturday: 9:30 - 19:30 (March to October), Tuesday - Saturday: 9:30 - 18:00 (November to February), Sunday: 10:00 - 15:00
• Ticket price: 3 EUR, students - 1.50 EUR, children under 18, pensioners, people with disabilities - free of charge. You can visit for free for everyone on Saturdays from 16:00 and on Sundays.

City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia

Architectural and cultural complex, a masterpiece of modern art, was created by Santiago Calatrava, and consists of six buildings that look like they stepped out of the pages of a fantasy book. They look especially unusual and contrasting next to the old part of the city.

The complex includes:

Palace of Arts, where Opera theatre and venues for concerts and theatrical productions;

Emispheric - a building in the shape of a human eye, inside an IMAX 3D cinema hall and at the same time a planetarium with a screen of 900 sq.m., a theater laser shows;

The Museum of Science is an interactive educational center for the popularization of science and technology. Everyone can touch the exhibits or take part in scientific experiments. Ideal place for children aged 7-12.

The Agora is a universal location for various events: a hall for conferences and concerts, an exhibition area, a sports arena.

Oceanographic is an open-air aquarium. In total, the inhabitants of 9 ecosystems of the planet are represented here.

Umbrakle is a modern botanical garden-gallery.

• Address: Autopista del Saler 5, Valencia
• How to get to attractions : by metro to Alameda station.
• Price for the entrance varies depending on the event attended.

Mesquite

Cordoba Cathedral Mosque is undoubtedly the main attraction of Cordoba. The fact is that it is a shrine for two religions at the same time. In the Roman era, a Roman temple stood on this site, then a Christian basilica. In the VIII century, it was demolished and a mosque was built, since then it has only expanded and completed.

Just outside the entrance to the Mezquita, red and white arches, typical of Moorish architecture, go deep into the depths, and they are supported by more than 800 columns made of granite, marble, jasper and onyx. In the courtyard of the mosque there is a very cozy garden of orange trees, lined with palm trees around the perimeter.

In the 16th century, after the reconquest of Cordoba by Christians, right in the middle of the mosque, a Gothic cathedral with baroque elements was erected, and it is crowned by a huge, like a soaring dome, decorated in the Renaissance style.

Thus, this is a unique reminder of East and West in one place, a world heritage that cannot be neglected in any way.

• Address: Mezquita, Calle Cardenal Herrero
• How to get there: by bus 03, 12 to the Puerta del Puente stop
• Working hours attractions : from Monday to Saturday, from 10:00 to 19:00 (from November to February - from 10:00 to 18:00)
• Ticket price: 8 euros, children under 14 - 4 euros. Entrance to the bell tower - 2 euros.

Basilica de Nuestra Señora del Pilar

The Shrine of Our Lady of Pilar in Zaragoza is one of the most beautiful cathedrals in Spain and a center of pilgrimage for Christians around the world. The temple is located on the banks of the Ebro River, built in the Baroque style, and its four towers rise above the entire city.

The main shrine for pilgrims is the figurine of the Virgin Mary, created in the 15th century. According to legend, the Mother of God herself handed it to St. James and ordered to build a temple in her honor.

The vaults and domes of the temple were painted by Francisco Goya himself, his frescoes “Queen of the Martyrs” and “Glorification of the Name of the Lord” are still perfectly preserved. There is a monument to him on the square near the cathedral. The cathedral is skillfully illuminated in the evening.

• Address attractions : Plaza del Pilar, Zaragoza
• How to get there: by bus number 22, 23 to Pilar square
• Working hours: Monday to Saturday, from 6:45 to 20:30, Sunday and holidays - from 6:45 to 21:30
• Price for the entrance : admission to the Basilica is free. Visiting the tower - 3 euros.

If you have one free day in Barcelona, ​​you should definitely visit the Benedictine monastery of Montserrat, which is located 50 kilometers from the city. It is built in the mountains, at an altitude of 725 meters above sea level, in the beautiful national park of Catalonia.

In the cathedral at the monastery, in the Throne Room, there is a national shrine that attracts pilgrims from all over the world - the Black Madonna, a statue of the Mother of God, dating from the 13th century, is made of black poplar in golden robes.

She is believed to grant wishes. In the temple you can also listen to a very beautiful boys' choir. There is a museum at the monastery, among the exhibits of which is a collection of rare icons, works by El Greco, Caravaggio, Monet, Degas, Picasso and Dali and other art objects belonging to the monastery.

The rest of the day can be spent walking in the mountains - there are many hiking trails with detailed signs, as well as observation platforms, and on a fine day, views of the whole of Catalonia open up.

• How to get there: by Barcelona metro to pl. Espanya, suburban trains leave from there. Take the R5 line to the Aeri de Montserrat station, from there take the cable car up the mountain.
• Working hours attractions : daily from 7:30 to 20:00
• Ticket price: Free admission. A visit to the museum - 7 EUR, and for children under 8-14 years old - 4 EUR.

It is considered an ideal place for youth recreation. Here are the best nightclubs in Europe, where electronic music is performed, every season they host the most popular DJs in the world.

The beaches of Ibiza are also beyond praise: clean fine sand, clear sea, fresh air, a lot of attractions and entertainment: diving, surfing, water skiing and much more.

Arriving on the island not in beach season there will also be something to do: there is an ancient fortress, the Old Town with narrow streets, panoramic views of the sea.

Archaeological excavations allowed to discover on the island ancient necropolis and an almost completely preserved Phoenician settlement that have become the sights of the island.

• How to get there: or by ferry from Barcelona.

Alcazaba in Malaga

Fortification building, considered the best preserved fortress in Spain. Built on a hillside above the port, and from its peaks a beautiful panoramic view of the bay, the port and the beaches of Malaga opens up.

The Alcazaba, like many similar objects in Andalusia, was built by the Muslim Moors, so inside there are many design elements characteristic of them: patios, fancy patterned arches, columns, mosaics, stone carvings, fountains, mini-ponds and orange trees.

At the very top of the mountain is the castle of Gibralfaro, connected to the fortress by a passage. A very beautiful pine alley leads to the castle, the fort is surrounded by gardens with many eucalyptus and cypress trees, orange and pomegranate trees, ficuses and olives. From the castle of Gibralfaro, you can see not only the whole of Malaga and its bay, you can even see strait of Gibraltar and the African Rif Mountains.

• Address: Calle Alcazabilla, 2, Malaga
• How to get there: by metro to Glories station
• Working hours attractions : from April 1 to October 1 - 9:00-20:00, from November 1 to March 31 - 9:00-18:00
• Price for the entrance : 2,20 EUR, children from 6 to 16 years old - 0.60 EUR, general ticket to Alcazaba and Gibralfaro Castle - 3.50 EUR, free of charge every Sunday after 14:00

Ghost town Belchite

Belchite is a village in Spain, which during civil war, in 1937, was completely destroyed. It was decided to preserve the ruins as an open-air museum, and the village was rebuilt nearby. The remains of houses riddled with bullets and even two temples look impressive and tragic. Guillermo del Torro's film "Pan's Labyrinth" was even filmed here.

Recently, the ruins of Belchite, which used to be public, have been surrounded by a fence, as the city that continues to collapse has become unsafe. It can only be visited with local guide, but this does not stop some thrill-seekers and they sneak inside secretly.

There are two types of excursions in Belchite: daytime, during which they talk about the tragic events of the civil war, and nighttime, for researchers paranormal activity because at night the city becomes mysterious and mystical.

• How to get there attractions : by bus from Zaragoza bus station
• Ticket price: 6 EUR day trip, 10 EUR night, or both for 12 EUR.

Salvador Dali Museum in Figueres

In 1974, in Figueres, the city where the great Spanish artist was born, a museum dedicated to his work was opened in the building of the Municipal Theater. It is noteworthy that Dali himself participated in the creation and design of the building, so his influence is felt in every little thing.

The collection consists of more than 1500 objects, this is the largest collection of his paintings, and drawings, sculptures, personal belongings of the artist, installations on the theme of his work. Moreover, right in the center of the museum there is a crypt with the remains of Dali himself.

Each room, each piece of furniture has its own bizarre design in the style of Dali, you will definitely not forget the impressions of viewing for a very long time.

• Address: Gala-Salvador Dali Square, 5, Figueras
• How to get there attractions : from Barcelona by train from Sants station or by buses 602 and 661, then walk for 15 minutes.
• Working hours: from July 1 to September 30 from 9:00 to 20:00, the rest of the time - until 18:00
• Price for the entrance : 14 EUR, for a group of more than 25 people - 9 EUR
  

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Spain is a kingdom located in the southeastern part of Europe and occupies most of the Iberian (Iberian) peninsula. This is the realm southern sun and traditional bullfighting, many museums and unique architectural structures, which for many years has been a burning interest among all tourists in the world. The capital of the Kingdom is the city of Madrid. The country is located 660 m above sea level and is washed from the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and from the south by the Mediterranean Sea.

History of the development of the Iberian Peninsula

Spain is a kingdom that is one of the most ancient states in Europe, because the Iberian island began to be settled by the Iberians (ancestors of the Basques) about 35 thousand years ago. Later, the Celts came to this territory, who were one step higher in terms of cultural development. In the 2nd millennium BC. e. on the coast of the peninsula from the side mediterranean sea Greeks and Phoenicians sailed and settled, who gradually began to migrate to the east, where they actively mixed with local population introducing their cultural traditions.

In the 2-5th centuries of our era, the Romans took over the peninsula, who brought the Christian religion here, then they were replaced by the Visigoths, who ruled the Pyrenees until the 8th century. They were replaced by Arabs and Barbary from the coast of North Africa.

Several states with Muslim traditions were founded on the peninsula. Exactly Arab culture and agricultural technology gave a powerful impetus to development, which later led to the creation of the Kingdom of Spain: under their leadership, they began to irrigate fields, grow rice and dates, winemaking and weaving began to emerge, mining and active processing of metals began. During this period, there was an active growth in the population of the cities of Valencia, Toledo, Seville, Cordoba.

Foundation of the first state of Asturias

The next stage in the history of the Spanish state, called the Reconquista, was caused by the long liberation military actions of the Christians, who by the end of the 15th century cleared the island of Muslim conquerors. Everyone participated in the liberation of the Spanish state indigenous people(artisan and merchant people, knights and other layers), the result of this was the foundation of the Spanish state of Asturias.

The 15th century was the period when the Kingdoms of Spain (1479) and Portugal (1492) were formed. Before the formation of a single empire, the Spanish kings administered several separate kingdoms: Aragon, Andalusia, Castile, Leon and Navarre. The year 1479, when the heir to the throne of Aragon, Ferdinand, married Queen Isabella of Castile, is considered the year when the United Kingdom of Spain was founded. Although the process of unification and centralization of power itself dragged on for several more years and ended in 1492 with the annexation of Granada.

Starting from the 15th century. The Spanish state gradually became a powerful European power, actively participating in the conquest of other territories (the discovery of North and South America by Columbus and the conquest of North Africa). The heyday of the Spanish Empire came in the 16th century. after its conquest of colonial possessions in America and Africa, which ensured the promotion catholic religion in the conquered lands of the New World.

However, already in the 17th century, after the defeat in the war with England, the separation of Portugal and the Netherlands, and also in connection with the vigorous activity of the Inquisition, an era of decline began in Spain. There is a sharp drop in handicraft production and a decrease in the level of agriculture, the amount of gold brought from the American colonies has decreased.

The subsequent development of the Spanish state was marked by five revolutions (19th century), which took place in order to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church and feudal laws. But only after the accession to the throne of Queen Isabella 2nd in state structure fundamental changes have taken place: now Spain is a kingdom where a constitutional monarchy has been introduced.

20th century - a period of defeats and dictatorships

The next sad stage in history was the war between Spain and America, which ended with the fall of the Spanish Empire and the transition of its American colonies to the United States. In the subsequent 20-30s of the 20th century, the Spanish state experienced years of dictatorship, then republic, civil war (1936-1939), and only with the coming to power of the dictator Franco, the situation stabilized.

Franco was in power until 1975, and during these 35 years, the state, with a strong economic downturn, was able to survive only thanks to the active tourist interest shown by everyone who wanted to get to know this interesting and original country. After the death of Franco, Spain began its revival, thanks to the chosen democratic path.

Since 1977, after the first free government elections were held, positive changes began to take place in the state: a year later, the Constitution was adopted, and 8 years later, Spain joined the European Union.

21 century

Spain is a kingdom that today has a developed industry, agriculture (wheat, tobacco, olives, citrus fruits, grapes are grown) and travel business. Every year it is visited by millions of tourists from all over the world.

The area of ​​the state is more than 500 thousand square meters. km of territory Iberian Peninsula, it is the third largest in Europe. It also includes the islands: the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands, some areas of the coast of Africa. The population is about 47 million people.

The modern king of Spain (22nd in a row) Philip 6th has been ruling since 2014 (after the voluntary abdication of his father Juan Carlos 1st from the Spanish throne in favor of his son) and is the youngest in Europe. On February 2, 2017, Philip the 6th turned 49 years old.

Kingdom of Spain attractions

A tourist who has gathered to visit all the Spanish sights has a very difficult task ahead of him. Because a huge number of them in different cities and autonomous regions of this state cannot be bypassed and bypassed even in a few months.

To facilitate familiarization of the traveler with all famous places countries, tourism organizations have developed many routes with visits to the largest cities and popular sites.

The most popular route is the Three Kingdoms. Spain ”- a tour in which it is planned to visit three major cities, the capitals of the former kingdoms: Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.

Madrid

The name given by the Arabs translates as "source of full waters." The capital of Spain is considered an open-air museum for its variety of architectural and art sights. The Golden Triangle of Museums is located in the old part of the city:

• Prado, which keeps in its collection the greatest masterpieces of artists from Spain (Goya, Velasquez, El Greco), Holland (Rubens, Brueghel, etc.), Italy (Botticelli, Caravaggio, Veronese) and Germany (Dürer, Cranach, Green).
• Reina Sofia, representing a collection of contemporary art (Picasso, Kandinsky, Dali and many other artists of the 20th century).
• Thyssen Bornemisza, including works by famous European artists (Monet, Renoir, Degas, Van Gogh, etc.).

There are also other interesting sights and museums in Madrid:

• Royal Palace with an arsenal of medieval weapons and knightly armor.
• Plaza Mayor, where bullfights used to be held, with a statue of King Philip II.
• Archaeological Museum, presenting archaeological finds from all over the Iberian Peninsula, through which you can trace the entire history of the country.
• The Museum of America, which includes exhibits of American culture from the time of the conquest of North and South America by the Spanish conquistadors.

Catalonia

Barcelona is the capital of the former kingdom, and now the autonomous region of Castile. This city is located on the Mediterranean coast in the north-eastern part of Spain, the population is more than 1.6 million people. Barcelona is considered to be the famous cultural capital of Spain. Artists Picasso and Salvador Dali, architect Antonio Gaudi lived and created wonderful masterpieces of art and architecture here. Here are just a few of the city's most popular attractions:

• Las Ramblas is a 1.2 km pedestrian street, beloved by tourists, leading from Plaça Catalunya to the sea coast, directly to the Columbus monument located there.
• Gothic quarter - located on the left side of the Rambla - a quarter of tight old streets with small churches and buildings.
• The city where Gaudi worked - all the buildings built according to the designs of the famous architect: the Sagrada Familia, the Palace and Park Güell, the houses of Mila and Batllo - formed the unique look of Barcelona.

• Fortress, National Palace and the singing Magic Fountain, located on the hill of Montjuic, where the Olympic sports facilities built in 1992 are also concentrated.

Valencia

The travel program “Spain. Three Kingdoms" in one of the most ancient cities in Spain, founded in the 2nd century BC. e. Valencia is home to many interesting Renaissance sights and the newest and unique Oceanographic Center, which has become the largest museum in Europe, representing various ecosystems with animals located there.

Also worth a look:

• Cathedral - main church Christian community in the city.
• The Silk Exchange is the building where trade once took place.
• Towers of Serranos and Mikalet.
• Museum of Ceramics and many other interesting places.

For everyone who wants to get to know the country from a bird's eye view, Spanish directors in 2015 filmed documentary"Spain. Sunny Kingdom”, which tells about a friendly and sunny country.