Which region is indonesia. Water castle Taman Sari. Cheap flights to Indonesia
Literally, the name "Indonesia" is translated as " Indian islands”, because the word “Indos” means the word “India”, and the word “Nesos” means “Islands”. The name was first given to the country in 1850 by the Englishman Logan, who drew an analogy between the names "Melanesia" ("Black Islands"), "Micronesia" ("Little Islands"), "Polynesia" ("Many Islands").
The German geographer Adolf Bastian used these names in his book "Indonesia", which was written in 1884, and in 1928 the nationalists adopted this name as the name of their long-awaited state.
Most of the islands are multinational, inhabited by a large number of large and small groups forming geographical enclaves. Cities in such enclaves are reserved for the dominant ethnic group and some members of the immigrant groups. Big cities may be composed of many ethnic groups.
Some cities have a dominant majority. Regions such as West Sumatra or South Sulawesi have been developed over the centuries as a result of the interaction of geographical phenomena (eg rivers, ports, plains and mountains), the historical interaction of peoples and political-administrative activities.
Some of them, such as North Sumatra, South Sulawesi and East Java, are inhabited by people of different ethnic groups; others, such as West Sumatra, and Aceh, are more homogeneous. Some regions, such as South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi, are subject to long-term Malayo-Muslim coastal influence, which gives certain similar cultural characteristics: clothing, food, art, political views, class stratification and religion.
People living on the uplands or in the upper reaches of the river have different social, cultural and religious orientations, but may feel part of this region. Many such regions become state provinces, like those mentioned above.
Emergence of a nation
Although the Republic of Indonesia is only fifty years old, Indonesian societies have long history during which local and broader cultures were formed.
Around 200 AD, small states that were deeply influenced by Indian civilization began to develop into South-East Asia, especially in the mouths major rivers. The next five hundred years saw the development of great powers, the development of which arose with magnificent architecture. Hinduism and Buddhism, writing, the concepts of the divine realm and the legal systems of India were adapted to the local culture.
Sanskrit has become the basis for many written languages in Indonesia. Hinduism had big influence on the formation of the culture of all of Southeast Asia. In 1400, with the arrival of Muslim traders and teachers from India, the original Indonesian state began to disintegrate. Then a flood of migrants poured into Indonesia from Portugal, Spain, Holland and the UK. They were coming to start a big trade with India and China.
Over the next two centuries, local principalities engaged in allied trade and war with Europeans, and the Dutch East India Company became a small state that engaged in local fighting and safe trade alliances. The Dutch East India Company was quite powerful until 1799, after that year it went bankrupt. In the nineteenth century, Dutch rule was formed, which worked with the rulers of the Indonesian government in the archipelago.
It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that the government of the Netherlands tried to spread its power by force, and it succeeded quite well. Chinese settled on the islands, playing an important role as wholesalers and retailers, contractors, skilled artisans and moneylenders. For ordinary peasants, favorable market conditions for sugar, tobacco, and rubber meant increased incomes from wage labor and small business, improved living standards, and the ability to support larger families.
However, when prices on the world market fell, the same peasants began to endure poverty. Partly for this reason, in 1901 the Dutch began to implement a kind of social program- "ethical policy".
The program provided for the creation of state pawnshops and credit information bureaus (which were supposed to replace Chinese moneylenders), proposed new schemes for the development of irrigation and other types of public works, as well as the simplest version of the public education system.
On August 17, 1945, after the defeat of Japan in World War II, Indonesian nationalists led by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared the independence of Indonesia. The Dutch did not accept this statement and fought for a new republic for five years, basically all the actions took place on the island of Java. Indonesian independence was finally declared in 1950.
Indonesian national unity
The size and ethnic diversity of Indonesia has created a national unity, although it is rather problematic and is still debated. Unity is determined by many parameters: Indonesian citizenship, recognition of the flag, national anthem and some other songs, recognition of national holidays, education in Indonesian history, and the five principles on which the nation is based.
Much of this is being introduced into the minds of Indonesians through schools and means. mass media, both of these means are closely related and regulated by the state. The country's history has been centered on resilience to colonization and communism as national heroes and leaders who are assigned street names. The glories of past civilizations are recognized, although the archaeological remains that are still being found today are mainly from the heritage of the people of the island of Java.
ethnic relations
Ethnic relations in the archipelago have long been an important state issue. Indonesian leaders have acknowledged the possibility of ethnic and regional separatism since the founding of the republic. The war was waged by the central government against separatism in Aceh, in other parts of Sumatra and Sulawesi in the 1950s and early 1960s, and the people are forced to defend themselves jointly with military force.
The relationship between those with Indonesian ethnic traits and the Chinese was heavily influenced by Dutch and Indonesian politics and government.
Chinese people in Indonesia is only 3 percent of the population, but it manages more than half of the entire national wealth. The Chinese have been trading and living on the islands for centuries, but in the nineteenth century, the Dutch brought many Chinese to the coast of Indonesia to work on plantations or in mines.
The Dutch also created a system of social, economic and legal stratification that separates Europeans, Asians and Indo-Europeans, as well as native Indonesians, who tried to partially protect their homeland from outsiders. The Chinese had little incentive to take root in the local society, which, in turn, had no interest in accepting them.
There are rules for visiting Chinese in the country to restrict certain freedoms, even though there are good business relations between Chinese and Indonesian leaders. Periodically, violence was directed against people of Chinese origin, especially in the area of property relations.
If in Indonesia there were marriages between men of Chinese origin and women of indigenous local origin, then these families already had a certain place in the class structure of society, certain clothes, customs, behavior, their own artistic forms in art, and even their own newspapers.
The same was true for people of mixed Indonesian and European ancestry. Such people are called "Indos" for short.
Ethno-linguistic groups live mainly in certain areas where most people have much in common: the same culture and language, especially in rural areas. Exceptions occur along borders between groups, in places where other groups have moved voluntarily or as part of a resettlement program, and in cities. Such sites are found on the island of Java, but more often in areas of Sumatra.
Religious and ethnic differences may be related. has the largest Muslim population in the world and many ethnic groups are exclusively Muslim. Dutch politics brought with it a Protestant/Catholic religious streak that took root among separate groups that followed traditional religions.
Thus, today many ethnic groups profess exclusively Protestant or catholic religion. They are widely represented among the peoples living upstream of the river or among the mountain peoples in North Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, although many Christians also live on the island of Java, and among the Chinese.
Some tension arises when groups of one religion try to migrate to places with another state religion. Political and economic power bind people to ethnicity and religion.
Current time in Indonesia, Bali:
Indonesia, largest state in Southeast Asia and the largest Island state in the world. Its entire territory is spread over thousands of islands.
The nature of Indonesia is rich and varied. Tropical rainforests, amazing flora and fauna, majestic volcanoes and blue lagoons, long beaches and tropical gardens.
Traveling through Indonesia gives you the opportunity to see several historical eras. Some of the islands of Indonesia are inhabited by tribes that have not been known to scientists so far. With all this, Jakarta - the capital of Indonesia - is a modern city.
This country will not leave you indifferent. Indonesia surprises with its national flavor: an endless number of flowers, warm smells of oriental spices, folk rituals and rituals - all of this is woven into an amazing atmosphere on its islands.
Indonesia has one of the best beaches on the ground, and hotels meet both international quality standards and simple consumer requirements for quality service. You can also stay in a cozy cottage.
State structure
Indonesia is a unitary republic consisting of 27 provinces. The state philosophy of Indonesia - Panchashila - consists of five basic principles: faith in the one God, in the unity of Indonesia, in humanity, democracy and social justice. The coat of arms of the country is Garuda Panchashila, a mythical bird carrying the symbols of the state ideology, Panchashila, and the motto of Indonesia: "Unity in Diversity."
The capital of Indonesia - Jakarta is a modern metropolis with an active political and economic life.
Population
Indonesia is not just a country, but a whole world, similar and different at the same time. More than 190 million people, representing more than 300 ethnic groups, live on its territory.
The inhabitants of the islands are very friendly and treat tourists well.
Language
The population of the country speaks 500 languages and dialects. However, there is one national language, Indonesian, which is understood throughout the country, from North Sumatra to Irian Jaya. Most Indonesians come from the Malay peoples with the addition of Melanesians and the Negroid race. Traveling in Indonesia, you can feel like you are in several historical eras at once. Prehistoric rites and rituals have been preserved here, on some islands there are tribes whose languages have not yet been studied by scientists.
Religion
Indonesia is called the maritime crossroads of Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. Almost 90% of the population are Muslims. The remaining 10% is distributed between Christians and Buddhists. Although Islam is the most widely practiced religion, Islam has not become the state religion in Indonesia. The Pancasila National Philosophy presupposes a single God and guarantees freedom to practice any religion.
Geographical position
The Republic of Indonesia is located on the largest archipelago in the world and consists of 17508 islands, more than 5120 kilometers on both sides of the equator. Indonesia's land borders separate it from Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, but the country's borders are mostly maritime. Water separates Indonesia from Singapore and Malaysia to the northwest. From the Philippines in the north and from Australia in the southeast.
Climate
The climate in Indonesia is equatorial (the equator crosses the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Moluccas) and subtropical monsoon. But these climatic characteristics are softened by the influence of the sea.
Indonesia has almost as many types of climate as there are islands. On the same island, on one slope there may be a rainy season, on another at the same time a dry season. The situation may change if the wind changes direction. The ideal time to visit Indonesia is our northern summer, but, for example, in the Mollukki Islands at this time of the year the most bad weather(storms and storms).
In addition, the amount of rainfall depends on the forests. How more area forests, as in Sumatra and Borneo, the more often it rains. 4 m of precipitation per year - this is the record for Pontianak and Padang.
In the lowlands, the temperature stays within 26-27 C for most of the year, in the mountainous areas it is somewhat cooler. In the southern and eastern regions hotter and the climate has quite pronounced seasons - rainy (September-May) and relatively dry (May-October). Sunny weather persists throughout the year, most of Precipitation falls in mountainous areas, mostly early in the morning or at night. The total precipitation is more than 3000 mm. in year.
Difference in time
There are several time zones in Indonesia: in Sumatra and Java, time is ahead of Moscow by 4 hours in winter (by 3 in summer), Bali and Sulawesi are ahead of Moscow by 5 hours (by 4 in summer).
Currency
Indonesian rupiah, 9.5 RUP = 1 USD, exchange rate is subject to change.
Visa
To enter Indonesia for citizens of the Russian Federation for up to 30 days, a visa is issued at the airport upon arrival.
Customs
The import of drugs, weapons, pornographic products, Chinese-language publications and Chinese medicines is prohibited. The import of alcohol and cigarettes is limited (no more than 2 liters of alcohol and 200 cigarettes). The export of antiques is prohibited. rare plants and animals.
Main Attractions
Indonesia has many attractions. Each of the islands included in its composition is interesting in its own way.
The main attraction of the town Bangli- a very highly revered temple Pura Keneh. Large and imposing, it rises in terraces steep slope over the road.
Gianyar is famous for the production of elegant endek fabrics, which are sold directly from factories in the western part of the city. The factories of Cap Cili and Cap Togog are almost entirely focused on serving tourists, where you can watch the entire process of making fabric from start to finish and purchase the fabric itself or finished products.
Denpasar- the passionate southern heart of Bali. From here all the roads to the mysterious and romantic world of the island begin. The name of the city itself means "located next to the market", and the main market is called "Pasar Budung". They say that it is the largest and noisiest on the island.
Jakarta- the capital of Indonesia, a city that serves as a home for almost 9 million Indonesians. Jakarta plays a leading role in the country. Jakarta is located on the northwestern coast of Java, at the mouth of the Chi-livung River, where in the 16th century there was a prosperous port, the center of the spice trade Jayakerta.
Yogyakarta (Yogya) on the southern slope of Mount Merapi, where many cultural monuments have been preserved, because there were two Central Javanese Mataram empires (one in ancient times, the other in modern times).
Klungkung- restless trading city, with many interesting sights. The most significant of these are the ruins of the royal palace, known as Taman Gili ("Garden Island"), with an ancient ceiling painting in the courtroom of Kerta Gosa. These frescoes are the only surviving examples of classical painting in Bali.
Main Treasury Pezheng, the State Archaeological Museum Museum Purbakala consists of four small pavilions that house an eclectic array of items found in Pezheng.
Singaraja, the second largest city in Bali after Denpasar. The city's most famous attraction is Gedong Kirtya, the world's only library of lontar manuscripts. These are ancient texts printed on specially processed lontar palm leaves.
Islands:
Bali- the most brilliant decoration among the amazing treasures of the Indonesian archipelago. This small island- part of a latitudinal volcanic mountain arc - moistened by tropical showers and literally flooded with bright sunlight. Bali is a green masterpiece of nature. The Balinese have done a lot to turn the blessings of nature to their advantage. Bali has made a name for himself earthly paradise. In the southern part of the island there are three resorts in Bali, international Airport And main city- Denpasar.
Bintan is a short speedboat ride from Singapore. Bintan Island is a wonderful world filled with lush tropical vegetation with outlandish plants and amazing flowers, unprecedented exotic animals and birds.
Irian Jaya- so called West Side islands of New Guinea. This territory, formerly known as the Netherlands New Guinea, was annexed to Indonesia in 1963 after a short but bitter military campaign launched by President Sukarno. To date, Irian Jaya is considered the most isolated region from the rest of the world. Mangrove swamps make large sections of the coast impassable, and dense jungles and high mountains (some snow-covered peaks reach a height of 5000 m) completely isolate separate parts of this territory from each other. There are almost no roads and extremely undeveloped air and sea communications.
kalimantan It is no longer the forgotten place it once was. Daily flights connect its main cities with the Indonesian capital. Thanks to the huge reserves of oil, gas, timber, diamonds (the word Kalimantan in Malay means "diamond river"), Kalimantan supplies a large amount of natural raw materials to other countries and to a large extent provides Indonesian needs for raw materials. Geologically, Kalimantan is one of the most ancient islands. Malay Archipelago. There are no volcanoes on it, and it is a fold of the earth's crust - a mountain range that has undergone strong weathering.
On Komodo the rarest and most mysterious animals have survived and live - the descendants of prehistoric predatory lizards that died out on earth 160 million years ago. These are the largest amphibious giant lizards - monitor lizards. Boars, deer, feral horses and even buffaloes become its prey. But they are by no means squeamish about carrion. Possessing a highly developed sense of smell, they find it very quickly and here again gather in large groups. The dragon has a difficult relationship with a man.
Krakatoa located in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra. The nearest international airport is located in the Indonesian capital Jakarta, and the volcano can be admired from the air or from the sea. Krakatau stands where two meet tectonic plates: The plate that forms the floor of the Indian Ocean is subducting under the Asian plate. Along the entire length (3218 km) of the border between the two plates there are volcanoes, of which the most famous is Krakatoa. We know that the eruption of this volcano caused the death of the local population in 416 AD. Century after century, Krakatoa continued to grumble, and by 1680 two new ones on the island of Rakata, with an area of 44 square meters, joined the main cone. km.
Lombok- a small island, one of the best resort islands in Indonesia, often described as "Bali yesterday", lying to the east of its more famous neighbor and separated from it only by a narrow strait. This is where the transition from western to eastern Indonesia begins, with its flora and fauna changing more and more as you move east. Northern part The island is hilly and covered with greenery of tall trees and shrubs. Administrative center province of Mataram. The three main cities of Lombok - Ampenan, Mataram and Chakranegara - are located close to each other, within a six-kilometer strip stretching from West Bank islands to the east.
Sumatra- the "backbone" of the country - is of great economic, strategic and political importance. In terms of population (over 30 million people), the island ranks second in Indonesia, in terms of exports (oil, natural gas, rubber, tin, palm oil, etc.) - first, and in terms of attractiveness for tourists - third (after Bali and Me you). The richest in natural resources and at the same time the least developed south of Sumatra. In the forests of Lampung province, which provides the state with 40% of the income from the sale of oil and rubber abroad, man-eating tigers still roam - literally next to major highways. A large developing city of the south of Sumatra, Palembang is located on the Musi River.
Java- a paradise for hardcore individualists who enjoy the search for ancient temples or breathtaking views from the ledge at the very mouth of the volcano. For five centuries since 930, the Brangas Valley has been the center of power and civilization on the island, and the principalities of that era have left a rich heritage in architecture, literature, music and theatre. The island's volcanic eastern promontory has many hidden nature reserves, and the mountains stand out. unique beauty. The north coast, where the busiest and richest once were trading ports Java, is currently one of the centers of crafts and the focus of many attractions.
Kitchen and its features
Indonesians consider rice to be the food of the gods. Rice (nasi) is steamed, without salt or oil, and served separately. Nasi is the basis for other dishes, of which the most famous is fried rice seasoned with vegetables, small pieces of meat, fish, shrimp.
Noodles - originally a Chinese dish - has firmly established itself in Indonesia. Sauces and seasonings give it a peculiar taste. Here, just like in China, they believe that noodles are a symbol of a long and happy life.
Various spices are popular. Black and white pepper, tamarind, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, hot red or green peppers, peanuts, ginger, soybeans, garlic are essential components of hot spices.
Among meat dishes, Indonesian kebabs (sate) made from lamb, beef or chicken are the most popular. Indonesian men adore bovine testis sate because they are sure that they support male potency. Sate can be tasted not only in the restaurant, but also right on the street. They are prepared in braziers specially equipped on a bicycle or motorcycle. In the evenings, on the streets of Indonesian cities, the invocative cry of "sate!" is heard, and you just need to shout back, as numerous sellers of this delicious dish rush to you.
Frog legs fried in dough are also prepared. Very often in the evenings near the city ditches you can see boys with flashlights in their hands - they catch frogs. But the most delicious frogs, of course, are grown specifically for the kitchen. They are sold alive, tied in several pieces, at local bazaars.
Special place occupy swallow nests cooked in chicken broth. This is not only a delicacy, but also a medicine - for blood purification, asthma treatment, muscle tissue regeneration. Every year, hundreds of gatherers flock to the caves of Kalimantan, where swallows make nests from their saliva. Risking their lives, they climb long, rickety bamboo ladders with flashlights in their mouths. Some fall from dizzying heights and are crushed to death. But the temptation is too great - swallow nests are fabulously expensive, their collection gives a decent income.
Bali's favorite dish is lavar. These are finely chopped vegetables seasoned with fresh chicken or pig blood. Turtle meat and blood lavar is considered a delicacy and at the same time a life-prolonging dish. Often crushed turtle shell is mixed with meat. Lemon juice is added to keep the blood fresh.
Spicy food is usually taken with cold water with ice. Soft drinks are also consumed: coconut milk with rice and palm sugar “bajitur”, crushed ice with sugar syrup and beans, a drink from sugar cane juice “air tebu”, ginger tea. Coconut milk is served directly in the coconut with the top cut off. They drink through a straw, and with a long spoon they scrape out the delicious white pulp from the inside.
Most Indonesians are Muslims and therefore do not drink alcohol. Indonesia produces a very good "Isabella" and rice wine "Brem", which is similar to port wine, the local wine is Hatten, it is produced in Bali. The local palm vodka is called "arak", served alone or with honey (as a liquor) and is well absorbed by the body. For the sake of exoticism, you should definitely try "tuak" - beer from the juice of palm flowers.
For dessert, fried banana "pisang goreng", biscuits made from rice flour, fruit and sugar "dolol", banana bread are prepared. A special place is occupied by a traditional Javanese cake made of white and yellow rice in the form of a truncated cone, symbolizing the well-being of the family. However, the best dessert, of course, is the numerous fresh fruits, ranging from bananas to exotic durian.
Food is served on a banana leaf. They eat with their right hand without cutlery. True, now they often use a spoon and fork, but never a knife! Before and after meals right hand washed in a special vessel with water with a piece of lemon.
Video playlist about Indonesia:
The region where Indonesia is located belongs to the equatorial or subequatorial climate, which means that seasonal temperature fluctuations are practically absent here or are no more than three degrees. The climate is also influenced by the terrain, but in the flat areas it is most favorable, while frosts can occur in mountainous areas.
Where is Indonesia located with the islands?
Situated on a long archipelago, on both sides of the equator, the Republic of Indonesia boasts not only an amazing climate, but also an extraordinary natural diversity.
Despite the fact that the area of the country does not exceed 1.3% of the world's land, approximately 17% of species live in this tiny territory. known to science. The archipelago is home to two types of flora and fauna: Asian and Australian. This is due to the fact that in the distant prehistoric times, some islands of the Indonesian archipelago were connected to Asia and formed the Sundaland region with it. Also affected by the proximity of Australia.
The humid equatorial climate creates very favorable conditions for the growth of plants, and this leads to the fact that up to sixty percent of the country's territory is covered with evergreen forests. The region where Indonesia is located is famous for the diversity of flora, which is represented by a wide variety of ecosystems: from mangroves on the coasts to crooked forests on high mountain plateaus.
Geography and geology. Thousand Islands
Indonesia ranks fourteenth among the largest countries in the world by area. According to official statistics, there are up to 17,804 islands in the archipelago, which makes the archipelago where Indonesia is located the largest in terms of area and water area on Earth. With such a large number of islands, the length of the entire archipelago from west to east is more than five thousand kilometers, and from north to south - about one thousand seven hundred kilometers.
However, among such a large number of islands, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and New Guinea stand out, which is the second largest island on Earth, second only to ice-bound Greenland. However, not all of these islands belong exclusively to Indonesia.
Indonesia shares New Guinea with the state Papua New Guinea, and the island of Kalimantan, also known as Borneo, belongs to three states at once - Indonesia, Malaysia and the Sultanate of Brunei. However, it is worth noting that the island of Borneo belongs to the Malay Archipelago, which is famous for its huge number of volcanoes. There are up to 330 of them on it.
Specialists in the movement of continental plates believe that the island of New Guinea was once part of Australia, which influenced its special flora and fauna. And relative, by geological standards, youth is indicated high mountains opposing gently sloping sandy beaches, and high seismic activity of the entire region where Indonesia is located.
fire ring
The Republic of Indonesia was not fortunate enough to find itself in one of the most seismically active zones of the planet with almost its entire territory. The so-called Pacific ring of fire goes around the perimeter of the entire Pacific Ocean, following the contours of South and North America, east coast Eurasia, the Indonesian archipelago and Australia. extreme point the most seismically dangerous zone reaches the coast of Antarctica.
The geological youth of the islands creates significant risks for people living in the archipelago. There are four hundred volcanoes in Indonesia, about one hundred and fifty of which are active. At the same time, the most active of them are on the island of Java, which has a greater number of eruptions. For example, in 1991, as many as twenty-nine volcanic eruptions occurred on this island.
But most famous volcano of the entire archipelago is Krakatoa, which has earned its sad fame catastrophic eruption, which happened in 1883 and claimed the lives of more than 35,000 people. During this terrible eruption, the island on which the volcano is located was almost completely destroyed, and the cone of a new volcano began to rise from the bottom of the ocean, which was called Anak-Krakatau.
Where is the country of Indonesia located?
Having found out the geography of the Indonesian archipelago, you can pay attention political map region. Despite the fact that the state is located on the islands, it also has land borders with other countries such as Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor, which is located in the eastern part of the island of the same name.
The answer to the question: "Where is Indonesia located? In which country?" pretty simple. It is worth saying that the Republic of Indonesia occupies the largest archipelago in the world, stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.
- a state in Southeast Asia, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago and the western part of the island of New Guinea.
Official name of Indonesia:
Republic of Indonesia.
Territory of Indonesia:
The area of the state of the Republic of Indonesia is 1919440 km².
Indonesian population:
The population of Indonesia is more than 241 million inhabitants (241973879 people).
Ethnic groups of Indonesia:
Ethnic composition population of Indonesia - Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Badui, Tenggers, Indonesian Malays, Balinese, Minangkabau, Ache, Banjars, Dayaks, Makassars, Bugis, Minahasans, Galelas and others.
Average life expectancy in Indonesia:
The average life expectancy in Indonesia is - 68.94 years (see Ranking of countries in the world by average life expectancy).
Capital of Indonesia:
Jakarta.
Major cities in Indonesia:
Jakarta - 8410 thousand inhabitants, Bandang - 2900 thousand, Surabaya - 2700 thousand, Medan - 2050 thousand, Polenbang - 1500 thousand, Tanjungkarang - 1400 thousand, Ujungpandang - 1170 thousand, Semarang - 1135 thousand.
State language of Indonesia:
Indonesian. Indonesian belongs to the Indonesian branch of the Austronesian family of languages. Developed from the Malay language. Writing based on the Latin alphabet.
Religion in Indonesia:
The majority of believers in Indonesia are Muslims (about 90%).
Geographic location of Indonesia:
The Republic of Indonesia is a state in Southeast Asia, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago and the western part of about. New Guinea (Irian Jaya). It borders Malaysia to the north and Papua New Guinea to the east. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago. It includes more than 13676 islands: 5 main and 30 small archipelagos. Most major islands- New Guinea, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi (Celebes) and Java. The rest of the islands are much smaller. Indonesia stretches for 5120 km between the Asian mainland and Australia. The equator separates the Pacific and Indian Oceans here.
Indonesian rivers:
Features of the climate and relief of Indonesia favor the formation of a dense river network. Due to the abundance of precipitation, the rivers of Indonesia are full-flowing almost all year round and play an important role in the country's irrigation system. In mountainous regions, rivers represent a potential source of electricity. However, floods are not uncommon in the region, and rivers carry a significant amount of silty material that makes navigation difficult and is deposited in the coastal zone.
Most big rivers Indonesia on the island of Kalimantan - the Kapuas River, or Kapuas Besar (1040 km, basin area - 97 thousand km²) in West Kalimantan, Mahakam (715 km) in East Kalimantan, Martapura and Barito (650 km) in South Kalimantan. Most of the rivers originate in the central mountain range; on the plains, closer to the coast, they flow through vast swamps; channels change frequently. Along many rivers, which also serve as transport arteries, settlements are formed.
The largest rivers in Sumatra originate on the slopes of the Bukit Barisan ridge and flow into the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea.
Among them are Hari (Jambi) (800 km), Musi (553 km), Kampar (285 km), Rokan (265 km) and Siak (260 km). To the east, along the coast, stretches the world's largest tropical swamp. Its area is about 155 thousand km². Most of the rivers in Sumatra are navigable. In the southeast, upstream are river ports- Jambi on the Hari River and Palembang on the Musi River.
In the Indonesian part of the island of New Guinea, there are more than 30 large rivers flowing from the Maoke Mountains north into the Pacific Ocean, like the Mamberamo River (over 500 km), or south, into the Arafura Sea. The rivers are navigable downstream. One of the most significant is the Digul River (400 km), which originates in the Jayavijaya mountains and flows into the Arafura Sea. The rivers of Sulawesi are short and turbulent. The main rivers of Java - Tarum and Manuk, originating near the southern coast in West Java, Serang in Central Java, Solo and Brantas in East Java - flow into the Java Sea. coastal zones marshy in the north.
Administrative-territorial division of Indonesia:
Indonesia is located on many islands scattered over many thousands of kilometers. The country is divided into 33 provinces (including two metropolitan areas), which will be classified into six administrative regions. Indonesia's provinces are governed by a governor who, since 2005, is directly elected by the people. Two metropolises - Jakarta and Yogyakarta - have a special status, which is also equated to a province.
State structure of Indonesia:
Higher Legislature Indonesia - People's Consultative Congress (meets once every five years). Current legislative issues are dealt with by the parliament - the Council of People's Representatives (550 seats). The deputies of the People's Consultative Congress are all deputies of the Council of People's Representatives, as well as another 195 deputies elected by indirect voting. The deputies of the Council of People's Representatives are elected for 5 years on a proportional-list system in multi-member constituencies. The head of state and government is the president.
— exotic country, located in Southeast Asia, is washed by the Pacific and Indian Oceans with a tropical, humid climate. In this country, the climate is conducive to the growth of rice, coconut palms and tropical horticultural crops.
The sights of Indonesia are nature reserves and National parks. Also, tourists are attracted by the wealth of monuments of Buddhist and Hindu culture.
The most visited island by tourists is Bali. Here you can see, if not all, then a lot. Here you can go fishing, diving, rafting, surfing, you will also be offered elephant riding, camel riding, quad biking, saffari, you can try paragliding and much more. Short walks to nearby islands are possible. As for shopping, you will be pleasantly surprised by a large number of small shops for every taste. Having been here once, you can not resist the temptation to visit again.
Indonesia on the world map
Shown below interactive map Indonesia in Russian from Google. You can move the map to the right and left, up and down with the mouse, as well as change the scale of the map with the "+" and "-" icons, which are located at the bottom right side of the map, or with the mouse wheel. In order to find out where Indonesia is located on the world map, zoom out the map even further in the same way.
In addition to a map with the names of objects, you can look at Indonesia from a satellite if you click on the switch "Show satellite map» in the lower left corner of the map.
Below is another map of Indonesia. To see the map in full size, click on it and it will open in a new window. You can also print it out and take it with you on the go.
You were presented with the most basic and detailed maps Indonesia, which you can always use to search for the object you are interested in or for any other purposes. Happy travels!
