How many states are there in australia and oceania. List of States and Dependencies of Oceania

Oceania is a part of the world, which consists of the largest cluster of islands and atolls in the world, located in the Pacific Ocean. Quite often, Australia is attached to this part of the world.

The countries of Australia and Oceania include 4 regions:

1. Australia;
2. Melanesia;
3. Micronesia;
4. Polynesia.

On the territory of each of the districts there are independent and dependent states.

The Australian continent can be briefly described as follows:

Melanesia

The Melanesia region consists of the following countries:

The country is part of the British Commonwealth. The entire economy of Vanuatu is built on the agricultural sector. It is in agriculture that more than 80% of all working residents of this island republic are employed.

micronesia

Micronesia is made up of the following states:

1. . The capital is the city of Hagatna. The island of Guam is known in the world as a resort. More than 20 hotels with a high level of service have been built on the territory of the state. Most of the tourists in Guam are Japanese.

   Guam is the largest island Mariana Islands located in the western part Pacific Ocean

2. Kiribati - Island state reminiscent of lost World. For many centuries indigenous people country adheres national traditions. Kiribati is an exceptional place where there is no TV and Internet.
3. The Marshall Islands cover only 181 sq. km. This archipelago is famous for growing coconut trees, breadfruit and exotic tropical fruits. The capital of the republic is the city of Majuro. The archipelago does not have a large amount of natural resources and developed industry. The entire budget of the country is formed by foreign financial assistance and income from the tourism sector.
4. Nauru is a country without a capital. This state is striking in its miniature size. The area of ​​Nauru is only 21 square meters. km. The island is not in demand among vacationers because of the very hot climate. This dwarf country is located almost on the equator. During the day the air temperature reaches +40. Today, this state can hardly be called developed. Phosphorites were previously mined on the territory of Nauru, but today the extraction of this natural resource suspended.
5. Palau is an archipelago of over 200 small islands. But people live only on 8 of them. The population does not exceed 19,000 people. Palau is one of the most famous diving resorts.
6. - This administrative territory who did not join America. This community occupies only 477 square meters. km. It is famous for highly developed tourism and colorful national traditions.

   Mariana Islands - a paradise for tourists

7. Atoll Wake. The total area of ​​the island is only 6.5 square meters. km. This small state is subordinate to the United States of America. An American military base, so it is practically closed to tourists.

On the planet. Associated with the culture and history of Oceania interesting events and facts. For example, it was here that many ghost islands were mistakenly discovered during the Great Geographical Discoveries.

Where is Oceania located

The countries of Oceania are located on islands in the waters of the west and center of the Pacific Ocean. Oceania is a collection of several thousand islands located between the Malay Archipelago and Australia. The territory is geographically, since the time of the French navigator Dumont-d'Urville, divided into Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia.

Micronesia includes a number of small islands in northwestern Oceania. Polynesian Islands form a triangle in the east, the top of which is Hawaii. Melanesia is the territory of the southwestern part.

Islands of Oceania

The total land area of ​​the islands of Oceania is 1.26 million square kilometers. is the largest concentration of islands in the world. The climate and relief of each island is unique.

Basically, the islands are of coral or volcanic origin. There are those among them that are peaks underwater volcanoes or ridges. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are still observed on the islands. The largest objects are located closer to Australia: New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Zealand.

Oceania countries

On the islands of Oceania are sovereign and the borders of states pass through the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Some of the islands are the possessions of Europe and America.

In foreign geographical literature Australia and Oceania united under common name Oceania. Given this feature, one can also note such a sovereign state as Australia with

There are states in Oceania associated with European countries and USA.

Among the islands of Oceania there is also the Chilean province of Isla de Pascua, which includes several islands, including the famous West Side Oceanic is a territory of Indonesia. Thus, the countries of Oceania are as unique as the cardinal direction on which they are located. Here is the smallest non-European state in the world. Nauru - in Oceania, the number of inhabitants of which is about 13 thousand.

Oceania Tourism

Oceania, following the Malaysian archipelago, in last years actively developing the tourism market. Some islands, in particular Hawaii, have become world famous resorts. and Oceania pay great attention to the development tourism business, improving the quality of service, developing tourist routes. Of course, the most developed are Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and the islands, country-owned Europe and America. There are many tourists from Japan, South Africa, Canada, and the USA in Oceania. From Europe, a flight to Oceania takes an average of 22 hours. Such a long flight and, accordingly, the cost of the flight are perhaps the only reasons that may be an obstacle to visiting the countries of Oceania.

The countries of Oceania are attractive for tourists, first of all, with oceanic nature and beaches.

Oceania offers a wide range of spa treatments. There are enough places for decent shopping. Active tourist will find something to his liking. In Australia and New Zealand, ski resorts with different levels of pistes are open. Diving and snorkelling in the waters of the Pacific Ocean is varied and exciting.

Most popular resorts Oceania are Lahaina, Honolulu, Wailea (Hawaii), Bora Bora, Tahiti, Fiji.

The history of discovery and the culture of the countries of Oceania are associated with interesting facts. For example, the first to Australia on permanent residence exiles left Europe. Europeans reached the Fiji Islands in the 17th century, but a colony was formed here only in the 19th century, since the natives of Fiji were cannibals. 10% of the population of the Solomon Islands are blondes: scientists could not give an explanation for the appearance of a special gene in their DNA. the only state in the world, which is located immediately in four hemispheres, is Kiribati. With over 800 languages ​​coexisting in Papua New Guinea, it is the most multilingual country in the world. Previously, in the Yap island group, money was huge stones, with a diameter of up to 3 meters.

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Oceania is the largest cluster of islands in the world, so there is nothing surprising in the fact that in this Pacific region there are many independent ones, the path to independence for many of which was not at all easy. Most of these countries have, first of all, excellent opportunities for ecological tourism and good beaches, each offering first-class diving, but in view of the weak developed infrastructure and bad transport communication the industry is underdeveloped. These countries are original, they are distinguished by a unique, inimitable flavor, and are best suited as a destination for exotic lovers and fans of cultural tourism, since the peoples living here have many interesting features. However, for such a large tourist center like Fiji and a developed country like New Zealand none of this applies. But first things first.

Vanuatu- a country located on 83 islands of the New Hebrides archipelago in Melanesia. The state is one of the poorest in Oceania, and, as is often the case in such cases, comes to the rescue, which in recent years has been the fastest growing industry in the country.

Thanks to the romantic atmosphere, virgin nature and small picturesque secluded beaches, Vanuatu is quite in demand, which offers all kinds of options for holding a wedding ceremony and excellent conditions for honeymoon. In addition, popular water tourism– diving, fishing on the high seas, sailing. A number of interesting tours on natural attractions, including volcanoes, of which there are many.

Kiribati- a state washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, located immediately in Micronesia and Polynesia, and numbering 33 atolls. Tourism is very poorly developed, however, it continues to develop, and if a few years ago there were only five hotels in the country, now there are about a dozen of them. In addition to the traditional Oceanian beach tourism, Kiribati also offers fishing, diving and, including hiking By tropical forest and bird watching. Alas, the development of the local tourism industry is significantly slowed down by the lack of a good air traffic, and most foreign tourists gets here by water from or other countries of Oceania.

- a state in Micronesia with five islands and 29 atolls, located next to Kiribati. As in the case of many other small countries in Oceania, tourism is rather poorly developed, and the annual tourist flow does not exceed, as a rule, ten thousand people. There are many reasons for this - in addition to the high duration (and cost) of the flight, the islands do not have high-quality infrastructure, and eco-tourism, despite good natural conditions, is hampered by the absence of nature reserves in the country. The set of entertainment for tourists who come here is very limited - in addition to lying on the beach, you can ride a yacht, go fishing, go scuba diving, watch birds and sea turtles, and study the culture of local residents.

- a tiny equatorial state, which is located next to Marshall Islands in the South Pacific. This country is an independent island state - the area of ​​​​the country is about 21 square kilometer. Due to the fact that getting here is not easy, and there is practically nothing to do here due to the lack of at least a minimal infrastructure, tourism is not developed here at all. Moreover, unlike its neighbors in Micronesia, Nauru is not of interest to lovers of ecological tourism, since phosphates were mined in the country for a long period, which led to a significant deterioration in the environmental situation. However, there are still two hotels on the island, and there are a number of attractions that can be visited on foot in a day or two.

is a country that attracts hundreds of thousands and millions of tourists every year with its incomparably beautiful nature. Located in Polynesia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand has two major islands and over 700 small ones. Thanks to the actively supported by the government ecology, which has helped to preserve the local nature in its almost pristine state, New Zealand attracts fans of ecotourism. And there really is something to see here - mountains and lakes, geysers and waterfalls, dense impenetrable forests and wide valleys, glaciers and grottoes, tens of kilometers of beaches. In principle, there is no need to describe the local nature, since the beauties of New Zealand often fall into the frame, and they can be seen in many Hollywood films, from Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings to James Cameron's Avatar. Along with ecotourism in the country, thanks again to its natural features, sports are actively developing and, which is represented here by almost all of its existing varieties.

Palau- a fairly small island nation, which is located in the Philippine Sea of ​​​​the Pacific Ocean, occupying 328 beautiful emerald isles, of which only one is large (it accounts for 367 square kilometers of 458 square kilometers total area territory of the country). Alas, due to remoteness and inaccessibility, the country is not very popular with tourists, although it can offer them good natural conditions, excellent beaches and the richest underwater life, which is the main local attraction, attracting much more tourists than all the beaches combined. And no wonder - the pale turquoise coastal waters of Palau have about 700 species of anemones and corals, which are home to countless colorful tropical fish - more than one and a half thousand species, including several species of sharks (there are both dangerous and safe). In addition, there are five species sea ​​turtles. It is also noteworthy that in addition to sea ​​waters divers will certainly be interested in the local lake - Lake Medusa, which once communicated with the ocean, and then was cut off from it. Numerous jellyfish living in the slightly saline waters of the lake over the past millennia, and scientists say that the lake separated from the ocean about 12 thousand years ago, evolved, and are noticeably different from their marine counterparts.

Papua New Guinea- This is a fairly large state for Oceania. Located in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, the state is a true kingdom of nature. In addition to numerous animals and birds, among which there are many endemic species, many tribes live in the local jungle, which rarely encounter civilization. However, there is no need for tourists to be afraid of them (at least don’t show it) - for the most part, the “savages” are very good-natured towards the “pale-faced”, and even allow tourists to spend some time with them, plunging into the local flavor. Of course, it’s not worth it to make contact with the painted natives in the jungle on your own, especially since the country is one of the least studied in the world, and theoretically you can stumble upon anything here. However, local guides in a more civilized part of the country, they can easily arrange an interesting ethnographic tour of the nearest original settlement, where you can see the daily life of the Papuans and feel like one of them. Untouched nature countries are likely to be of interest to fans of eco-tourism and active rest while fans civilized recreation, trips to restaurants and rich nightlife unfortunately there is nothing to do here.

– small country, located in the South Pacific Ocean, and numbering ten islands, of which two are large and eight are small. Due to the fact that a fair part of the local coast is narrow and rocky, good beaches There are not everywhere, but there are enough of them. Apart from beach holiday tourists to Samoa are also attracted by the abundance of coral reefs and shallow lagoons, as if created for diving and snorkeling. The tourism sector is growing rapidly this moment its share in the country's GDP is already more than 25 percent - and at the same time, the quality of local infrastructure is growing, which, in turn, attracts even more tourists. The country has many historical sights, several interesting museums, a large number of natural objects of tourist review, such as, for example, numerous waterfalls and geysers of Taga. Opportunities for ecological tourism are widely represented, and fishing is in great demand among foreign guests.

Solomon islands - a country located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, with 992 islands. Like other countries of Oceania, the Solomon Islands have been studied rather poorly, but in its most civilized regions you can find good modern hotels and more than tolerable restaurants. Of course, fans of comfort and lovers of entertainment are unlikely to like such a vacation, and given that before the trip you will need to do a lot of vaccinations, since staying in the country, especially in certain regions, can be associated with a risk of contracting unpleasant diseases. infectious diseases, there are not so many of them coming here at all. At the same time, the Solomon Islands is a very bright and diverse country, with magnificent nature, original ancient culture, beautiful beaches. So if you are not embarrassed by the potential danger to which, again, you will expose yourself only if you decide to wander into the heart of the jungle, the absence shopping centers, nightclubs and cinemas - you can safely go to the Solomon Islands. There are quite a few natural attractions here - the world's largest salt lagoon, the size of which is approximately 100 by 150 kilometers, the beautiful Tengano Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake throughout Oceania, UNESCO-listed coral island Rennell and more.

Tonga- a small Pacific state located in Polynesia, with 172 islands, which are visited by about 50 thousand tourists every year. Although developed country it’s hard to name it, it’s homely, and locals friendly and welcoming. First of all, the country attracts numerous lovers of prominent sports and recreation, ranging from diving and fishing to surfing and sailing on a yacht. beach tourism due to the virtual absence of beaches, it is poorly developed. Camping is quite in demand among foreign guests in Tonga, which includes hiking, barbecues, and sports games on fresh air. However, it is worth noting that tourism here is developing more and more actively every year, so who knows, maybe in just a few years there will be luxurious hotels and casinos for fans of civilized recreation and numerous villas and bungalows for lovers of secluded unity with nature, which the islands are very beautiful. At the moment, few of all the tourists visiting Tonga purposefully go here. As a rule, tourists come to Tonga as part of a cruise on a yacht departing from the coast of New Zealand.

- a very small Pacific country located in Polynesia - the total area of ​​​​its territory is about 26 square kilometers. Communication with the outside world is established in the country extremely poorly - the plane arrives here only twice a week, and even then, as a rule, not for the sake of tourists. However, Tuvalu's atolls - very narrow, elongated islands that offer amazing views of the ocean wherever you look - have all the prerequisites for the development of eco-tourism. There are excellent beaches here (on small uninhabited islets) and excellent opportunities for diving (there are many picturesque reefs rich in various kinds of living creatures in the nearby waters). It is worth considering that the country does not have its own sources of fresh water, so if you are planning to visit Tuvalu for a short time (and usually tourists do), you should keep this in mind, and either take drinking water take away, or purchase it at your local convenience store. It is also noteworthy that at the moment there is only one hotel in the country, and it has Internet. Although there are problems with water here too - even tourists are forced to feel the savings of life-giving moisture, which they allow to use only twice a day. Moreover, moisture is really life-giving - already in the early morning the temperature rises to 30 degrees Celsius, developing into unbearable heat by lunchtime, and so most of the year.

Federated States micronesia- a country in Micronesia, with 607 islands, only 40 of which are of any significant size, and 65 of which are inhabited. The Federated States of Micronesia offer tourists a very diverse vacation, especially since each of the islets (meaning inhabited) can offer something unique, unlike what is on the others. Here you can see many historical sights - for example, ancient city Nan Madol on Pohnpei or the abundance of huge stone coins on Yap Island, each of which has its own story, or Chukk, which is primarily of interest to the deceased here military equipment- in the local jungle still lie shot down in the Second world war aircraft. It is noteworthy that you can see the wreckage of military equipment not only on the island itself, but also in the waters of the nearby lagoon - Chukk is rightfully considered one of the best places in the world for diving to sunken ships - almost the entire Japanese fleet sank off the coast of the state, but there are also airplanes. Of course, all this abundance of islands and islets is not complete without a large number of beaches - of course, not well-equipped, lined with sunbeds and umbrellas, but truly beautiful, with soft clean sand and a gentle entry into the water.

- a country that is associated with the word "beach" in almost all Western countries. It is the most popular in Oceania tourist destination, which has the most developed infrastructure in the region. Located in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, the country has 332 beautiful islands, which have excellent beaches, lagoons with crystal clean water, stunning nature. At the same time, no more than a third of the islands are inhabited, some are occupied by secluded villas and hotels, many are completely uninhabited, which gives tourists the opportunity to take a boat and retire, immerse themselves in paradise nature and isolate themselves from civilization. Fiji is enough expensive destination- there are a huge number of luxurious hotels offering any form of accommodation. Tourists, according to their taste, can be accommodated in rooms or apartments, suites and penthouses, bungalows and villas, including on the water. Both huge resorts with spas and golf courses are available, as well as small cozy bungalows aimed at lovers of a secluded and relatively “ wild recreation". In addition to fans of beach holidays, the country also attracts diving enthusiasts, surfers, connoisseurs sailing. Fishing is very popular water skiing, kayaking and excursions. The amazing nature itself implies ample opportunities for eco-tourism, which can be both self-examination natural attractions of the island's numerous and visiting protected areas Fiji.

Geographical position of Oceania Groups of islands and archipelagos of the western and central parts The Pacific Ocean is united in a geographical area under the general name of Oceania. Historically, the division of all the islands into four ethnographic and geographical regions: Polynesia (Tonga, Samoa, Cook, Hawaiian, Easter Island, etc.), Melanesia (New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, etc. ), Micronesia (Marshalls, Marianas and […]

Australia is the smallest and amazing mainland. Australia was discovered later than America. The entire mainland is occupied by one state - the Commonwealth of Australia. The Australian continent is the flattest of all continents and the driest. One of the features of the nature of the continent is the absence of young mountains, glaciers and active volcanoes on it. Australia earlier than other continents, about 150 million years ago, separated […]

If you look at the map of the Pacific Ocean, you can see the largest cluster of islands on our planet - Oceania. Islands - and large, and small, and very tiny - there are more than ten thousand. They are divided into Polynesia (in Greek it means "many islands"), Micronesia and Melanesia. Many islands in Oceania are coral atolls. However, most of them are […]

The total area of ​​Oceania is 1.3 million km2, with 90% of the territory occupied by two islands - New Guinea (its East End) and New Zealand. Oceania became known to Europeans in the 16th century, from the time of the first world travel F. Magellan. special chapter in the history of its discovery and research are the campaigns of Russian navigators. Only in the 19th century on the islands of Oceania […]

Oceania is the name given to the islands and archipelagos of islands lying in the central and southwestern Pacific Ocean north and northeast of Australia between 28°N. and 53°S; 130°E and 105°W This island world includes almost 7 thousand islands. The total area of ​​the island land of Oceania is about 1.3 million km2. This is only 2% of the water area […]

New Zealand is located 1500 km east of Australia between parallels 34 and 47°S. sh. This is the only group of islands in Oceania that lies in subtropical and temperate latitudes. The region includes two large islands - North and South, separated by the Cook Strait and several small islands. Their total area is 268.7 thousand square meters. km, it is several […]

This group of islands is located in the central Pacific Ocean south of the northern tropic. In its origin, it is close to the islands of Central and Southern Polynesia. Extinct and active volcanoes, composed of basaltic lavas and representing a classic example of the so-called shield volcanoes or volcanoes of the Hawaiian type. During their eruptions, lava overflows through […]

Almost all the islands of Central and Southern Polynesia - Samoa, Cook, Societies, Tubuai, Marquesas, etc. - lie south of the equator, only part of the Line Islands is located in the northern hemisphere. These archipelagos are generally elongated from the northwest to the southeast along fault lines that cross the Pacific crystalline block. Most of the islands are of volcanic origin and are composed of strata of basaltic lava, some of […]

Oceania Micronesia includes many small islands scattered over the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator - the Mariana, Anson, Caroline, Marshall and Palau Islands, as well as the Gilbert archipelago, which partially lies in the southern hemisphere. All the islands of Micronesia are of coral or volcanic origin. Among the Mariana Islands there are active volcanoes. Volcanic islands are usually mountainous and rise above […]

These islands are located in the southern hemisphere between parallel 10° S. sh. and the southern tropic. The largest of them - mainland origin. They represent the pinnacles of the submerged mountain ranges Australonesian orogeny, which rise to 1200-1600 m above sea level. The islands are composed of crystalline and metamorphic rocks, which contain deposits of copper and other non-ferrous metals. These breeds […]

The island of Tasmania forms a separate physiographic region of temperate latitudes of the southern hemisphere. Its area is 67.9 thousand km2. It is separated from the mainland of Australia by the Bass Strait, 224 km wide. By relief and geological structure Tasmania is a continuation of the East Australian mountains. Its surface consists of a plateau with raised edges and a slightly curved middle part. The plateau is composed of dislocated Precambrian and […]

The countries of Oceania (with the exception of New Zealand and Hawaii) are mainly agricultural. Commercial agriculture in Oceania produces mainly products that are in demand on the world market: copra, coffee, cocoa, vanilla, tropical fruits, cotton. In addition to tropical agriculture, animal husbandry has received little development in the countries of Oceania - the breeding of large and small cattle, pigs, and poultry. The fuel and energy industry is dominated by small […]

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Books

• Atlas of the world. Political and physical maps, Sharonov A. (ed.). Detailed color illustrated encyclopedia contains physical and political maps all countries of the world, indicating their administrative division on regions, provinces and regions.. Edition…