The highest mountain in the Ural mountains. The height of the Ural mountains and interesting facts
Mountain climbing has always attracted tourists, romantics, photographers and everyone who is close to "high-rise" romance. Most of the most famous Ural peaks very difficult to pass and requires special training, equipment and expensive transportation.
Those who are just starting their "alpine" path should pay attention to the five peaks of the Ural Mountains, accessible to beginners.
Konzhakovsky stone.
This peak attracts with its accessibility and picturesqueness, being considered the most popular for hiking ascents in the Northern Urals. It got its name thanks to the Vogul hunter Konzhakov, whose yurt was located at the foot of the mountain for a long time. Tourists call it simply - Konzhak.
The highest point of the Konzhakovsky stone is located at an altitude of 1569 m, and is one of the highest peaks of the Ural Mountains, closing the Konzhakovsky extended ridge, numbering 6 hills.
The massif impresses with its picturesqueness and incredibly beautiful panoramas. The mighty coniferous forests of the lower part of the massif are gradually replaced by mountain tundra and stone "rivers" - kurumniks. These places are so popular with artists and photographers that the glade located at the foot is called the "Glade of Artists".
At the top, brave travelers will be met by an obelisk erected in honor of the 300th anniversary of the metallurgical production of the Urals. It was not installed here by chance - the rocks that make up the mountain range are considered quite valuable metallurgical raw materials.
Climbing options: summer.
Optimal time for hiking end of July-mid August. At this time, it is already quite warm on the Konzhakovsky stone, the snow completely disappears from the hiking trail, and there is little rainfall. The total length of the route will be about 21 km. For owners of off-road vehicles, the ascent can be shortened by driving along the forest road towards Konjak for about 7 km.
The route is quite long, so it is better to split it into two or three days:
- The first day. Reach the "Glade of Artists" and set up camp. In the clearing there is a spring with clean water, enough convenient places for tents.
- Second day. Climb to the highest point and return to the camp. From the parking lot, the road will take about 7 km. The trail is marked, so you can't go wrong. In addition, Konzhak in the summer is a very popular place, there is always someone to ask for directions.
- Day three (optional). If there is no strength left after the ascent, and the road is long, it is better to spend the night in tents, and in the morning with fresh strength go back.
In summer, you can also run to Kozhak: every year on the first Saturday of July, the Konzhak International Skyrunning Marathon is held on the Konzhakovsky massif - running through the mountains. The official website of the marathon is http://marafon.krasnoturinsk.org.
Climbing options: winter.
IN winter period Konjac "pleases" with a cold piercing wind and very low temperatures. At this time, here you can meet only rare tourists and climbing camps.
Skiing is the preferred option for winter travel. For hiking, you will have to sweat a lot, making your way in a snowy massif.
This peak is especially appreciated by lovers of skiing and snowboarding. The thickness of the snow cover allows you to perform the most daring tricks on the slopes, creating an ideal platform for extreme skiing.
It is important!
Mountain ranges are unpredictable terrain, so you should not completely rely on the weather forecast. Do not try to climb in the evening, in dense fog or rain, in poor visibility it is easy to lose the landmarks marking the route.
When climbing, be sure to take care of the supply of water, warm, windproof clothes and comfortable closed shoes - part of the trail goes along the kurumnik. And of course, a camera - the views that open up will not leave anyone indifferent.
How to get there?
Nearest locality- Karpinsk. From here it will be necessary to move towards Kytlym, after about 50 km. from the city there will be a turn to the Katysher meadows, from where the official hiking trail starts.
If you get to Konzhak by public transport, you will have to use the Karpinsk-Kytlym regular bus or take a taxi to the desired turn.
Big Iremel.
Among the picturesque meadows and mountains of Bashkiria, the majestic Big Iremel rises - one of the highest peaks of the Southern Urals (1582 m.). This amazing mountain also called the "father of the Ural rivers", because at the foot of the Iremel the legendary Belaya (Agidel) and the mighty Ural originate.
Big Iremel is part of the ridge of the same name, the second half of which is called Small Iremel. Journey to the "small" part mountain range not suitable for every tourist - long kurumniks with large boulders become a serious obstacle on the way to the top. But, Big Iremel will gladly meet anyone: both experienced climbers and beginners making their first ascent.
IN good weather opens from the top amazing view to the neighboring ridges: Zigalga, Bakty, Nugush and other picturesque massifs. Along the way, you will change several natural belts: from relic coniferous forest to dwarf tundra birches. The final hill is crowned with a "tree of happiness" - a flag, on the support of which ribbons "for happiness" are knitted.
Climbing options: summer.
Summer is the perfect time to visit Big Iremel. Warm, settled weather will allow you to comfortably climb to the top, admire the surroundings, without becoming a “victim” of unexpected rain or snowfall.
Iremel massif is part of the national natural park. Start tourist route marked with a map-scheme, and the trails themselves are carefully marked. True, you will have to pay for the pleasure: a ticket costs about 30 rubles, and all proceeds go to clearing trails, equipping parking lots and routes, etc.
The length of the main route will be only 13 km. therefore, it will take only one day to feel like a “king of the hill”. For those wishing to continue their journey in the vicinity of Iremel, there are a lot of natural attractions and small neighboring peaks, although such an “expedition” will take several days.
At the foot of the Big Iremel there is a small village of Tyulyuk, overflowing with all kinds of tourist shelters and bases, so there will definitely not be any problems with parking for a car and accommodation. Here enterprising locals offer a lot additional entertainment: horseback riding, Russian bath, shooting range, instructor support, etc.
Like Konzhakovsky stone, Iremel is a popular place for annual skyrunning competitions. The official website of the mountain marathon is los.trg.ru.
Climbing options: winter.
In winter, Big Iremel becomes insidious and dangerous mountain. Low clouds, snowfalls and unexpected blizzards become a serious obstacle on the way to the summit. In addition, due to the deterioration weather conditions, the park administration may prohibit access to the route. So, in winter time Iremel is better to admire from Tyulyuk.
It is important!
The route passes through mountainous terrain and territory national park Therefore, for a safe and comfortable trip, it is better to follow a few simple rules:
- Don't try to climb the mountain bad weather. Picturesque panoramas will still not be visible, but wet feet and a lot of unpleasant sensations are definitely guaranteed.
- Do not neglect warm clothes and take care of shoes - it is almost always very windy at the top, sometimes very damp.
- Don't light fires. The route runs through a relic coniferous forest, where “illegal” parking and campfires are strictly prohibited. There are special areas for recreation in the park.
All information about the park, routes and accommodation options can be found on the official website - pp-iremel.ru.
How to get there?
If you use own car, there will be no particular difficulties - it is necessary to move towards Ufa to the village of Tyulyuk. Iremel can be seen from the entrance to the village, signs lead to the beginning of the trail.
Without a car, the path will be a little more difficult: first you need to get to the Vyazovaya station (by train from Chelyabinsk or Ufa), then by bus to Tyulyuk.
Vogul stone, Kvarkush plateau and Zhigalan waterfalls.
The Vogul stone is the highest point of the Kvarkush plateau, which stretches for 60 km. The Vogul stone is a few stone remnants, slightly rising above the plateau. Most of the year, the remnants are covered with snow, the snowfields "leave" the plateau only in mid-July - early August. The Vogul stone is an integral part of the most picturesque route along Kvarkush with a visit to the Zhigalan waterfalls.
Comfortable and safe travel on the Kvarkush plateau is possible only in the middle of summer. In the autumn-winter period, strong snowstorms, huge snow drifts reign here, and in the spring, melting glaciers bring real floods, making climbing very difficult. In addition, a winding dirt road in winter blizzards and spring floods can be a very unpleasant “surprise” for drivers.
Climbing options: summer.
It is worth starting the ascent from the lower cascade of the Zhigalansky waterfalls. A powerful stream of water escapes from the plateau, creating three cascades amazing beauty. The two lower ones surprise with their unusual shape, and the upper one offers an amazing view of the “gorge of waterfalls”. It is easy to recognize the upper cascade - a “happy” tree grows near it, hung with numerous ribbons.
A well-trodden hiking trail leads along the waterfalls to the foot of Kvarkush, although sometimes there are intertwining roots, small boulders and fallen trees on it. Majestic cedars and numerous northern vegetation will accompany you: from the usual blueberry to the rare shiksha berry, however, the latter “appears” only on the plateau itself.
The winding path will lead you to the beginning of the ascent to Kvarkush. The plateau is greeted by kurumniks, which are best climbed in closed and most comfortable shoes.
After climbing to the plateau, a stunning panorama of the Ural Range will open, a little to the left you will see the Vogul stone and the remains of the Three Brothers.
Climbing and admiring the beauties of Kvarkush will take a whole day, so it is better to take care of the camp in advance - there are spacious parking areas at the very beginning of the waterfalls.
Climbing options: winter.
Climbing Kvarkush in winter is a big risk. Snow completely covers the hiking trail, and strong winds at the top of the plateau seriously impair visibility. For winter extreme lovers, the most best option– visiting waterfalls without climbing the plateau as part of a “weekend hike”. If there is no desire to return back on the same day, you can spend the night at the Zvezda base, located nearby.
It is important!
Beauty is beauty, and safety is above all. In order not to spoil your walk, take care of a number of necessary things in advance:
- Clothing and footwear. Even in summer, a rather cold wind constantly blows on the plateau, so a sweatshirt or jacket is a mandatory piece of equipment.
- Water supply. There is no water on the plateau, and the rise will take quite a lot of strength. Take a bottle of water to stave off thirst.
- A hat that will protect you from overheating and sunburn in the summer.
How to get there?
The nearest city is Severouralsk. From there, the road will go to the village of Bayanovka, after passing which you will get to a dirt road going to the west. It is necessary to move strictly straight along it, the main landmark is a wooden bridge over the river Uls.
Double-headed hill and Taganay ridge.
Taganay National Park is a favorite place for all connoisseurs active rest. The “heart” of the park is the eponymous ridge with 16 peaks. Practically all "Taganai" mountains are available for visiting in the summer; maps with various routes are installed in the park.
One of the most accessible and picturesque hills is considered to be the Two-headed Sopka (1034 m). It is considered the southernmost peak of the ridge, which received its name because of the two "heads" - remnants of a characteristic shape. The two-headed is divided into several parts, you can climb everything except the "Climbing wall" - a single rock with almost vertical walls. On the eastern side of the Sopka is the most famous source of the park - the Taganay spring.
Climbing options: summer.
The first 6 km. the paths will pass along a wide and dry path. You can make a halt at the equipped site near the spring Beliy (Taganaisky) key, here you can also draw water. Further, the road will become a little more complicated - you will first have to climb a specially equipped iron staircase, then along a rather steep path along the “stone river”. With an impromptu observation platform The two-headed one will reveal all the splendor of the Taganay ridge with stunningly beautiful "neighbors" - other peaks of the park. You will have to return by the same route. The entire trail is marked with large signs so you won't get lost. If you start climbing early in the morning, the entire route will take one day.
For those who find climbing Sopka not enough, other peaks are waiting, but such a journey can last from two days to a week.
Climbing options: winter.
Dvukhlavaya is a rare route available for visiting in winter. Park workers are trying to clear the main hiking trails, but sometimes the weather makes its own adjustments. Therefore, before starting a winter walk, be sure to check if the park is open to the public.
There are 5 tourist shelters in the park, in winter it is better to refuse to spend the night in a tent and go to one of them.
It is important!
A visit to the park is paid, the price of an entrance ticket is 100 rubles. from a person. When visiting the park, it is better to follow certain rules and take care of your own comfort in advance:
- Taganay peaks are famous for unpredictable weather. Be sure to bring warm clothes, and in spring and autumn, a raincoat and hat will also come in handy.
- Parking and overnight stays in the park are allowed only in specially equipped places. Making unauthorized fires is strictly prohibited.
- Move only along the equipped path, leaving the route may result in a fine or an unpleasant encounter with stone scree, swamp and other “surprises”.
- Driving on cars and ATVs in the park area is prohibited. Cars can be left at the equipped parking lot at the main entrance.
Detailed maps, descriptions of parking lots, seasonal work schedule and all other information are available on the park's official website - http://www.taganay.org.
How to get there?
The park is located almost on the northern outskirts of the city of Zlatoust. By car, you need to get to Zlatoust, passing through it, you will get to the central park estate.
By public transport, it will be necessary to get to Pushkinsky village, from here to the estate - 800 m.
Stone old man.
Behind this popular name in the Middle Urals lies a small, but extremely scenic peak located on the border of the Visimsky Reserve. A small height (only 755 m.) More than pays for the "wildness" and pristine nature of this peak. At the top of the mountain, the Ural Old Believers and "dashing people" were hiding for a long time, in whose memory a small memorial plaque was installed there.
The summit is located on a small ridge, where small cedars grow freely, and a dizzying panorama of the Merry Mountains massif opens up.
Climbing options: summer.
In summer, there can be two routes: on foot and by car. hiking trail available at any time, but you can drive a car only in dry weather. Fans of road trips are better off using a cross-country vehicle - the road is “pleasant” with clay soils, fairly deep ditches and a complete lack of coverage.
At the foot there is a “self-made” parking lot: several logs as benches, a rickety table and a fire pit. From here to the highest point is less than a kilometer, although you will have to climb along the stone scree. From the top, a harsh landscape of the Ural Mountains will open, and a little lower you will see a “hanging” swamp - a swampy clearing surrounded by rocky outcrops.
Climbing options: winter.
in winter walking tour may cause difficulties due to the abundance of snow, but the ski route will be quite accessible.
Also in winter, these places were appreciated by snowmobile enthusiasts - the absence of tourists, cars and a wide trail-road made Starik-Kamen popular route for snowmobile enthusiasts.
It is important!
There is no infrastructure here, so you will have to carry everything you need with you. The only thing you should not worry about is the supply of water: you can get it in the Alexey spring, located at the beginning of the trail. There will be no problems with firewood in the parking lot - there is a lot of dead wood around, some tourists specially leave a supply for the next visitors.
There are no signs to the top. In order not to make a mistake, it is better to use the navigator. Mountain coordinates: 57°30’35″N 59°42’18″E.
Staying overnight on Starik-Kamne, keep in mind that even in the summer it gets cold at night in the mountains, stock up on warm clothes in advance. Tents should be set up in a clearing with a fire pit - it is not so windy and cold here at night.
Travel by road is available only for cross-country vehicles, it is better to leave cars in the village or near the spring.
How to get there?
The main landmark is the mountain-skiing complex "Mount Yezhovaya". Having reached the mountain, it is necessary to continue moving past it towards the village of Karpushikha. After entering the village the main road will lead you to the spring "Aleksey", equipped with a large sign. Here the asphalt road ends and the gravel-clay road begins, gradually rising up. She will lead you to the top.
Photo: , shutterstock.com
The Ural Mountains are a ridge on the border of Europe and Asia, as well as a natural border within, to the east of which is Siberia and Far East, and to the west - the European part of the country.
BELT MOUNTAINS
In the old days, for travelers approaching the Urals from the east or west, these mountains really seemed like a belt that tightly intercepted the plain, dividing it into the Cis-Urals and the Trans-Urals.
The Ural Mountains are a mountain range on the border of Europe and Asia, stretching from north to south. In geography, it is customary to divide these mountains according to the nature of the relief, natural conditions and other features into Pai-Khoi, the Polar Urals, and the Subpolar.
Northern, Middle, Southern Urals and Mugod-zhary. It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of the Ural Mountains and the Urals: in a broader sense, the territory of the Urals includes the regions adjacent to the mountain system - the Urals, Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals.
The relief of the Ural Mountains is the main watershed range and several side ranges separated by wide depressions. On Far North- glaciers and snowfields, in the middle part - mountains with smoothed peaks.
The Ural Mountains are old, they are about 300 million years old, they are noticeably eroded. The highest peak - Mount Narodnaya - is about two kilometers high.
The watershed of large rivers runs along the mountain range: the Ural rivers belong mainly to the basin of the Caspian Sea (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya, Ural). Pechora, Tobol and others belong to the system of one of largest rivers Siberia - Ob. There are many lakes on the eastern slope of the Urals.
The landscapes of the Ural Mountains are predominantly forested, there is a noticeable difference in the nature of vegetation on different sides of the mountains: on the western slope - mainly dark coniferous, spruce-fir forests (in the Southern Urals - mixed and broad-leaved forests in places), on the eastern slope - light coniferous pine-larch forests. In the south - forest-steppe and steppe (mostly plowed).
The Ural Mountains have long been of interest to geographers, including from the point of view of their unique location. In the era of Ancient Rome, these mountains seemed to scientists so far away that they were seriously called Riphean, or Ripean: literally translated from Latin - “coastal”, and in an expanded sense - “mountains on the edge of the earth”. The name Hyperborean (from the Greek "extreme northern") they received from the name mythical country Hyperborea, it was used for a thousand years, until in 1459 the Fra Mauro world map appeared, on which the “end of the world” was already shifted beyond the Urals.
It is believed that the mountains were discovered by the Novgorodians in 1096, during one of the campaigns to Pechora and Ugra by a squad of Novgorod ushkuins engaged in fur trade, trade and collection of yasak. At that time, the mountains did not receive any name. At the beginning of the XV century. Russian settlements appear on the upper Kama - Anfalovsky town and Sol-Kama.
First famous name these mountains are contained in documents at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries, where they are called Stone: this is how any large rock or cliff was called in Ancient Rus'. On the "Big Drawing" - the first map of the Russian state, compiled in the second half of the 16th century. - Ural is designated as Big Stone. In the XVI-XVIII centuries. the name Belt appears, reflecting the geographical position of the mountains between two plains. There are such variants of names as Big Stone, Big Belt, Stone Belt, Big Belt Stone.
The name "Ural" was originally used only for the territory of the Southern Urals and was taken from the Bashkir language, which meant "height" or "hill". By the middle of the XVIII century. the name "Ural Mountains" is already applied to the entire mountain system.
ALL MENDELEEV'S TABLE
This figurative expression is resorted to whenever it is required to give a short and colorful description. natural resources Ural mountains.
The antiquity of the Ural Mountains created unique conditions for the development of minerals: as a result of prolonged destruction by erosion, the deposits literally came to the surface. The combination of energy sources and raw materials predetermined the development of the Urals as a mining region.
Iron, copper, chromium and nickel ores, potash salts, asbestos, coal, precious and semi-precious stones - Ural gems - have been mined here since ancient times. Since the middle of the XX century. oil and gas fields are being developed.
Russia has long been developing the lands adjacent to the Ural Mountains, occupying the Komi-Permyak towns, annexing the Udmurt and Bashkir territories: in the middle of the 16th century. after the defeat of the Kazan Khanate voluntarily became part of Russia most of Bashkiria and the Kama part of Udmurtia. A special role in securing Russia in the Urals was played by the Ural Cossacks, who received the highest permission to engage in free arable farming here. The merchants Stroganovs laid the foundation for the purposeful development of the wealth of the Ural Mountains, having received from Tsar Ivan IV a charter on the Ural lands "and what lies in them."
At the beginning of the XVIII century. large-scale factory construction began in the Urals, caused by the needs of both economic development country, and the needs of the military departments. Under Peter I, copper-smelting and iron foundries were built here, and subsequently large industrial centers were formed around them: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Nizhny Tagil, Zlatoust. Gradually, the Ural Mountains found themselves in the center of the largest mining region in Russia, along with Moscow and St. Petersburg.
In the era of the USSR, the Urals became one of the industrial centers of the country, the most famous enterprises are the Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant (Uralmash), the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ), the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant (Magnitogorsk). During the years of the Great Patriotic War industrial production was exported to the Urals from the territories of the USSR occupied by the Germans.
In recent decades, the industrial importance of the Ural Mountains has declined markedly: many deposits are almost exhausted, the level of pollution environment pretty big.
The bulk local population lives on the territory of the Ural economic region and in the Republic of Bashkortostan. In more northern regions belonging to the Northwestern and Western Siberian economic regions, the population is extremely rare.
During the industrial development of the Ural Mountains, as well as the plowing of the surrounding lands, hunting and deforestation, the habitats of many animals were destroyed, and many species of animals and birds disappeared, among them - a wild horse, saiga, bustard, little bustard. Herds of deer, which used to graze throughout the Urals, now migrated deep into the tundra. However measures taken for the protection and reproduction of the fauna of the Urals, it was possible to preserve the brown bear, wolf, wolverine, fox, sable, ermine, lynx in the reserves. Where it has not yet been possible to restore populations native species, the acclimatization of imported individuals is successfully carried out: for example, in the Ilmensky Reserve - sika deer, beaver, maral, raccoon dog, American mink.
SIGHTS OF THE URAL MOUNTAINS
Natural:
■ Pechoro-Ilychsky, Visimsky, Basegi, South Ural, Shulgan-Tash, Orenburg steppe, Bashkirsky reserves, Ilmensky mineralogical reserve.
■ Divya, Arakaevskaya, Sugomakskaya, Kungurskaya ice and Kapova caves.
■ Rocky outcrops of the Seven Brothers.
■ Chertovo Settlement and Stone Tents.
■ Bashkir national park, National Yugyd park Va (Komi Republic).
■ Hoffmann Glacier (Saber Ridge).
■ Azov Mountain.
■ Alikaev Stone.
■ Deer Brooks Nature Park.
■ Blue Mountains pass.
■ Revun rapids (Iset river).
■ Zhigalan waterfalls (River Zhigalan).
■ Aleksandrovskaya Sopka.
■ Taganay National Park.
■ Ustinovskiy Canyon.
■ Gumerovskoye gorge.
■ Red Key spring.
■ Sterlitamak shikhans.
■ Krasnaya Krucha.
■ Sterlitamak shikhans in Bashkiria are ancient Coral reefs formed at the bottom of the Perm Sea. This amazing place is located near the city of Sterlitamak and consists of several high cone-shaped hills. Unique geological monument, whose age is more than 230 million years.
■ The peoples of the Urals still use the names of the Urals in their languages: Mansi - Ner, Khanty - Kev, Komi - Iz, Nenets - Pe or Igarka Pe. In all languages it means the same thing - "stone". Among the Russians who have long lived in the north of the Urals, a tradition has also been preserved to call these mountains Kamen.
■ The bowls of the St. Petersburg Hermitage were made from Ural malachite and jasper, as well as interior decoration and the altar of the St. Petersburg Church of the Savior on Blood.
■ Scientists have not yet found an explanation for the mysterious natural phenomenon: the Ural lakes Uvildy, Bolshoi Kisegach and Turgoyak have unusually clear water. In neighboring lakes, it is completely muddy.
■ The top of Mount Kachkanar is a collection of bizarrely shaped rocks, many of which have their own names. The most famous of them is Camel Rock.
■ In the past, the richest deposits of high-quality iron ore in the mountains of Magnitnaya, Vysoka and Blagodat, known throughout the world and listed in all textbooks on geology, are now either hidden or turned into quarries hundreds of meters deep.
■ The ethnographic image of the Urals was created by three streams of settlers: Russian Old Believers who fled here in the 17th-18th centuries, peasants transferred to the Ural factories from the European part of Russia (mainly from modern Tula and Ryazan regions) and Ukrainians, attracted as an additional labor force at the beginning of the 19th century.
■ In 1996, the Yugyd Va National Park, together with the Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve, with which the park borders in the south, was included in the list of World natural heritage UNESCO under the name "Virgin forests of Komi".
■ Alikaev Stone - a 50-meter rock on the Ufa River. The second name of the rock is Maryin cliff. The TV movie “Shadows Disappear at Noon” was filmed here, about life in the Ural outback. It was from the Alikaev stone, according to the plot of the film, that the Menshikov brothers threw off the chairman of the collective farm, Marya Krasnaya. Since then, the stone has a second name - Maryin cliff.
■ The Zhigalan waterfalls on the Zhigalan River, on the eastern slope of the Kvarkush ridge, form a 550 m long cascade. With a river length of about 8 km, the elevation difference from source to mouth is almost 630 m.
■ Sugomak cave is the only cave in the Ural Mountains, 123 m long, formed in marble rock. There are only a few such caves on the territory of Russia.
■ The Krasny Klyuch spring is the most powerful water source in Russia and the second largest in the world after the Fontaine de Vaucluse vault spring. The water flow of the Red Key spring is 14.88 m3/sec. Landmark of Bashkiria in the status of a hydrological monument of nature of federal significance.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Location: between the East European and West Siberian plains.
Geographical division: Pai-Khoi ridge. Polar Urals (from Konstantinov Kamen to the headwaters of the Khulga River), Subpolar Urals (the section between the Khulga and Shchugor rivers), Northern Urals (Voy) (from the Shchugor River to Kosvinsky Kamen and Mount Oslyanka), Middle Ural(Shor) (from Mount Oslyanka to the Ufa River) and the Southern Urals (the southern part of the mountains below the city of Orsk), Mugodzhary ().
Economic regions: Ural, Volga, North-Western, West Siberian.
Administrative affiliation: Russian Federation (Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, Arkhangelsk and Tyumen region, Udmurt Republic, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Komi), Kazakhstan (Aktobe region).
Large cities: Ekaterinburg - 1,428,262 people. (2015), Chelyabinsk - 1,182,221 people. (2015), Ufa - 1,096,702 people. (2014), Perm - 1,036,476 people. (2015), Izhevsk - 642,024 people. (2015), Orenburg - 561,279 people. (2015), Magnitogorsk - 417,057 people. (2015), Nizhny Tagil - 356,744 people. (2015), Kurgan - 326,405 people. (2015).
Languages: Russian, Bashkir, Udmurt, Komi-Permyak, Kazakh.
Ethnic composition: Russians, Bashkirs, Udmurts, Komi, Kazakhs.
Religions: Orthodoxy, Islam, traditional beliefs.
Monetary unit: ruble, tenge.
Rivers: Caspian Sea basin (Kama with Chusovaya and Belaya, Ural), Northern Arctic Ocean(Pechora with Usa; Tobol, Iset, Tura belong to the Ob system).
Lakes: Tavatui, Argazi, Uvildy, Turgoyak, Big Pike.
CLIMATE
Continental.
Average January temperature: from -20°C (Polar Urals) to -15°C (Southern Urals).
Average temperature in July: from + 9°С (Polar Urals) to +20°С (Southern Urals).
Average annual precipitation: Subpolar and Northern Urals - 1000 mm, Southern Urals - 650-750 mm.
Relative humidity: 60-70%.
ECONOMY
Minerals: iron, copper, chromium, nickel, potassium salts, asbestos, coal, oil.
Industry: mining, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, heavy engineering, chemical and petrochemical, fertilizers, electrical engineering.
Hydroelectric power industry: Pavlovskaya, Yuma-guzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya HPPs.
Forestry.
Agriculture: crop production (wheat, rye, garden crops), animal husbandry (cattle, pig breeding).
Traditional crafts: artistic processing of Ural gems, knitting of Orenburg downy shawls.
Service sector: tourism, transport, trade.
For those who like to travel around the world, as well as across the vast Russian expanses, I would like to tell you about most high mountain Ural c, it would seem, with a simple name Folk. Why would it seem? Yes, because disputes about how to properly emphasize in its name folk or folk are still ongoing. The discoverer of the peak himself kindly kept silent about why he called it that. Although a little to the side runs, winding, the River of the People.
Located the highest peak of the Urals at the turn of the KhMAO and the Komi Republic, in the Subpolar Urals, its height above sea level is 1895 meters. This peak was opened to the world by an expedition led by A.N. Aleshkova. It was a complex expedition equipped and sent to explore the Urals in 1927. I must say that Mount Narodnaya is not as beautiful as the one towering nearby Mount Manaraga, and it does not differ much from other peaks, except for its height. However, she is...
Even here, however, there were some surprises. The fact is that the terrain here is such that it is impossible to easily determine the height of the mountains. Therefore, for a long time it was considered the most high mountain Ural vertex Manaragi, at least that's what it looked like visually. And only with the development of technology it became possible to measure the height of the peaks and it was possible to establish that Mount Narodnaya is more than two hundred meters higher than Monarga. In this area, as in principle, on all the subpolar Ural mountains, there are glaciers.
Speaking of climate, Narodnaya district, then he is quite severe here. It is characterized by very cold long winters and short cold summers. in winter average temperature in this region is kept at -19 degrees, while there are very frequent strong winds, and snow storms. And in the summer here the average temperature does not rise above 12 degrees. Therefore, tourists wishing to visit this area should take into account its rather cool climate.
Also, travelers should be aware that for a more comfortable climb Peak Narodnaya, it is better to use the western slope, it is more gentle, but you should not be too self-confident and conquer the summit on your own. It would be better if you resort to the services of conductors.
People's Peak
The most high point Ural Mountains - this is Narodnaya Peak. It stretches upwards for as much as 1895m. It is located in a very hard to reach place. But just from it, an indescribable view and nature of the Ural mountains unfold.
Mount Narodnaya - is considered the most beautiful place in the Urals, and is also a historical monument. Among known versions of the origin of its name, there is such that it is named in commemoration of the great Soviet people. The second explanation says that the mountain got its name because of the river that flows at the foot of the mountains. Today, the majority calls this mountain Narodnaya, while the emphasis is placed on the initial syllable. "Folk" from the translation of the Mansi language means "forest". In fact, the mountain begins somewhere in the depths of the forest. Because the highest point of the Ural Mountains is located in an extremely difficult to reach area, its historical origin has not yet been studied.
The first expedition route to the mountain
The first expeditionary route was sent to the mountain in 1843, but before that many people knew about the mountain. The then-famous scientist Antal Reguli, who once came to this area to study the life and life of such a people as the Mansi, became the head of the expedition. Although the travelers never reached the mountain. But Mount Narodnaya was first explored and described in 1927. Then the Ural Mountains were studied by the North Ural Expedition of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Ural Plan, headed by Professor B. N. Gorodkov. The expeditionary campaign consisted of small detachments. It is interesting, but before this trip they said that the highest point of the Ural Mountains was Mount Telpoz-iz (along with it, Mount Saber fought for the championship in height). However, the detachment, which was headed by postgraduate geologist A. N. Aleshkov during the campaign in 1927, assured that the higher mountains of the Urals are located in the circumpolar part. Therefore, Aleshkov gave the mountain the name Narodnaya and for the first time in history measured the height, which was defined as 1870 meters.
Later, accurate measurements were taken, which showed that Aleshkov somewhat "underestimated" the height of the mountain. Today's sources say that the height of the mountain was 1895 meters. I think no more places where the Urals come to such high altitudes, only on Mount Narodnaya. The slopes of this majestic peak are dotted with punishments - direct cup-shaped crevices that are filled with ice and the purest water. In addition, there are many blocks of stone. Along the way, you may encounter snowfields and glaciers. The surface of this part of the Stone Belt is mountainous, with the deepest crevices and sheer cliffs. Tourists should be careful not to get serious injuries while climbing the mountain. Moreover, it is very far from the nearest settlement.
Ascent to Narodnaya Peak follows only the western ridge, although there are many rocky steeps and many depressions, which makes the hike much more difficult. It will be easier to climb the northern slope - along the foothills. And from the east, the peak is completely covered with sheer cliffs and crevices. Among the important tourist attractions, this mountain appeared in 1950. Naturally, it is not known, like the Caucasian mountains, for example, but even here there are signs with marks of visitors to these places, namely tourists.
Crusade
A religious procession was once organized on Narodnaya Street. A worship cross was also installed on it, and the words “Save and Preserve” were carved by believers. A specific feature of the mountain from the neighboring mountains is considered not as high as the dark rock, of which it consists. On the slopes of the mountain there are many crevices that are filled with water and ice. Equipment for climbers to climb the highest point of the Ural Mountains is not required. But, at the same time, in order to implement a tourist route to this wild and mountainous territory, it is necessary to have excellent sports shape, and if there is not enough tourist experience, then it is worth resorting to the services of experienced guides to the mountains.
It should also be taken into account that the climate is very severe in the Subpolar Urals. It happens that in the summer the weather is cold and changeable. Quite a suitable period for climbing the mountain is from the first days of July to mid-August. The ascent will take about a week. There is no housing here, so overnight stays should be made only in tourist tents. According to its territorial location, Mount Narodnaya belongs to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. It is really worth visiting here, as unprecedented beauties open up, and there is an opportunity to breathe the purest mountain air.
Panorama from the mountain
The highest point of the Ural Mountains provides tourists with an indescribable panorama - the chaos of the mountains, the harsh, majestic and formidable land. Being at the very top of the peak, people understand that nothing changes here, it remains the same, for a long period of time. Here time stops.
In order to understand the beauty of the mountain, you just need to see unique shots this area or visit there. This is what will reflect the mystery and attractiveness of this place. It will allow you to delve into the nature of the Urals and its originality.
Mount Narodnaya is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. Its height is 1895 meters. This geographical fact was established relatively recently.
Due to the inaccessibility of the Subpolar region, few scientific expeditions were made to Mount Narodnaya.
IN different times the highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Eurasia were called the mountains: Saber (1497 meters), Telpos-Iz (1617 meters), Manaraga (1660 meters). In 1924-1928, the North Urals Complex Expedition worked here under the leadership of B.N. Gorodkov. One of her detachments, led by A.N. Alyoshkov, in 1927 for the first time passed to the headwaters of the Národa River. Having studied the height of the mountain using the scientific methods already available at that time, they determined its height at 1870 meters (at present it is measured more precisely - 1895 meters).
It was Alyoshkov who gave it its name, but on which syllable the stress should fall in it, he did not document anywhere. Disputes over stress continued until the publication of a textbook for pedagogical universities by F.N. Malkova and N.A. Gvozdetsky in 1963, in which the emphasis was on the first syllable. Since then, this option has been considered correct, formed from the name of the river, starting at the foot of the peak. Although, according to Gorodkov, who spoke after the death of Alyoshkov, she was named after the Russian people, as was customary at that time.
The Ural ranges were formed in the Paleozoic era during the Hercynian folding, later they underwent renewal, and their crystalline rocks came to the surface. They are composed of metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, very rich in various minerals and rocks. They form flat-topped ridges with gentle stepped western and steep steep eastern slopes.
Narodnaya (Mansiysk "People-Iz") on the map of the Urals is part of the Research Ridge Subpolar Urals, on the border of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region and the Republic of Komi, its coordinates are 65° N, 60° E. e. It consists of metamorphic schists and ancient quartzites.
Its peak is rounded and double-headed, and the slopes of the mountain are covered with natural depressions - karami filled with water, glaciers, snowfields, rocky remains, mountain tundra, stone ruins.
Since Narodnaya became a place of pilgrimage for tourists, objects like “Vasya was here” have appeared here - a bust of Lenin, tablets, commemorative signs, a pyramid in which visitors leave their notes, a worship cross with the words “Save and save” written on it. installed on a saddle between two mountain peaks in 1998. The eastern slope of the summit, like the entire Urals, is steep and impassable for tourists. The ascent is carried out along the western slope, which is complicated by carts, and along the more convenient northern one.
Peaks offer views of the surrounding highest peaks Subpolar Urals - Sabre, Manaraga, etc. The harsh climate of the Subpolar region, which for so long did not allow getting close to these highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Russia, forms here a diverse and rich animal and vegetable world. Here you can find coniferous and mixed forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, alpine and arctic tundra. In the warm season, numerous mosquitoes, gadflies, horseflies and smaller blood-sucking insects - midges, midges appear here.
Dwarf birches, blueberries, wild rosemary, blueberries, short larch are replaced by herbs in the growth of a person, occasionally found with pink radiola. Of the animals, there are many inhabitants of the tundra - arctic foxes, deer, partridges, wolves. There are badgers, bears, chipmunks. IN mountain rivers There are only two types of graylings. In the lower reaches of the mountains, river fish are somewhat larger.
Mount Narodnaya [VIDEO]
Mount Narodnaya is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. Its height is 1895 meters. This geographical fact was established relatively recently. Due to the inaccessibility of the Subpolar region, few scientific expeditions were made to Mount Narodnaya.
At different times, the highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Eurasia were called the mountains: Saber (1497 meters), Telpos-Iz (1617 meters), Manaraga (1660 meters). In 1924-1928, the North Urals Complex Expedition worked here under the leadership of B.N. Gorodkov. One of her detachments, led by A.N. Alyoshkov, in 1927 for the first time passed to the headwaters of the Národa River. Having studied the height of the mountain using the scientific methods already available at that time, they determined its height at 1870 meters (at present it is measured more precisely - 1895 meters).
It was Alyoshkov who gave it its name, but on which syllable the stress should fall in it, he did not document anywhere. Disputes over stress continued until the publication of a textbook for pedagogical universities by F.N. Malkova and N.A. Gvozdetsky in 1963, in which the emphasis was on the first syllable. Since then, this option has been considered correct, formed from the name of the river, starting at the foot of the peak. Although, according to Gorodkov, who spoke after the death of Alyoshkov, she was named after the Russian people, as was customary at that time.
The Ural ranges were formed in the Paleozoic era during the Hercynian folding, later they underwent renewal, and their crystalline rocks came to the surface. They are composed of metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, very rich in various minerals and rocks. They form flat-topped ridges with gentle stepped western and steep steep eastern slopes.
Narodnaya (Mansiysk "People-Iz") on the map of the Urals is part of the Research Ridge of the Subpolar Urals, on the border of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, its coordinates are 65 ° N, 60 ° E. e. It consists of metamorphic schists and ancient quartzites. Its peak is rounded and double-headed, and the slopes of the mountain are covered with natural depressions - karami filled with water, glaciers, snowfields, rocky remains, mountain tundra, stone ruins.
Since Narodnaya became a place of pilgrimage for tourists, objects like “Vasya was here” have appeared here - a bust of Lenin, tablets, commemorative signs, a pyramid in which visitors leave their notes, a worship cross with the words “Save and save” written on it. installed on a saddle between two mountain peaks in 1998. The eastern slope of the summit, like the entire Urals, is steep and impassable for tourists.
The ascent is carried out along the western slope, which is complicated by carts, and along the more convenient northern one.
The peaks offer a view of the surrounding highest peaks of the Subpolar Urals - Saber, Manaraga, etc.
The harsh climate of the Arctic, which for so long did not allow to get close to these highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Russia, forms here a diverse and rich flora and fauna. Here you can find coniferous and mixed forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, alpine and arctic tundra. In the warm season, numerous mosquitoes, gadflies, horseflies and smaller blood-sucking insects - midges, midges appear here.
Dwarf birches, blueberries, wild rosemary, blueberries, short larch are replaced by herbs in the growth of a person, occasionally found with pink radiola. Of the animals, there are many inhabitants of the tundra - arctic foxes, deer, partridges, wolves. There are badgers, bears, chipmunks. Only two species of grayling are found in mountain rivers. In the lower reaches of the mountains, river fish are somewhat larger.
Mount Narodnaya [VIDEO]
The most high mountain Ural mountains. Geographical position of the Ural Mountains. The highest peak of the Ural Mountains
category Education / Secondary education and schools
From the swampy tundras of the Arctic, completely dotted with cloudberries, to the feather grass steppes of Kazakhstan, for more than 2,500 kilometers, a grandiose natural stone structure— Ural Mountains. On a map or from a bird's eye view, you can see how they either expand as backstage parallel ridges, or narrow down to a “narrow” strip (only 30 km), sometimes they almost get lost among the hills overgrown with centuries-old trees, and suddenly suddenly soar in fantastic bulks dotted with scattering domes, over the taiga sea. Ural Range is a continuous series of successive diverse natural landscapes.
Geography: Ural Mountains
This stone massif with the territories adjacent to it is usually divided into four parts: the Polar, Subpolar, Middle and Southern Urals. Each of them has its own climatic conditions, its vegetation, its natural resources. If you look at the Ural Mountains on the map, you can see that they originate in the Baidaratskaya Bay of the Arctic Ocean. The first peak of the Polar Urals is Konstantinov Kamen, its height is only 492 meters. This part mountain range located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic.
The subpolar Urals originates from the Saber massif and then stretches along the meridian 59 ° N. sh. It consists of two parallel ridges. The territory of the Subpolar Urals ends with a rather high peak (1569 m), which is called the Konzhakovsky Stone. The middle part of this monumental natural structure lies between 56 and 59 degrees north latitude. The geographical position of the Ural Mountains also changes here. The meridional strike is replaced by a south-southeast direction. The last, fourth, part of the Ural massif originates from Mount Yurma and extends to the Ural River. The southern tip of the ridge is the widest and reaches about 200 kilometers.
Poetic digression
These gray-haired mountain ranges, smoothed by winds and time, today can no longer impress with either the steepness or the height of the slopes, but their severe majesty fills the air with the aroma of eternity. Here, intermountain valleys sheltered a huge number of crystal-clear springs and lakes of wonderful turquoise hues. From ancient peaks, emerald streams begin their long run to large lakes and rivers - Pechora, Ob, Kama. The slopes are overgrown with shrubs and trees, which, under a piercing wind, convulsively cling to the cracks in the dilapidated rocks - a delicate and fragile beauty opens up to the eyes of the traveler. The remnants of the virgin forest cling to the stern and gloomy stone guards, as if asking them for protection from a man who brings death to the wild.
Natural characteristics of the Southern and Middle Urals
The nature of the southern part of the Ural ridge is soft and friendly. Mixed taiga covers the slopes. The cozy river valleys are inhabited by the Bashkir people, who gave names to most of the hills and rivers. Including the top of Yaman-Tau, which means "bad mountain" in translation. This peak of the Ural Mountains is the highest (1640 m) in these places. The middle part is the lowest of the entire Stone Belt. The abundance of rivers, carrying their waters among the majestic cliffs, enliven the space of wooded parmas (hills), where individual peaks rise above the border of the forest, drearily overlooking the green sea below. Here, on the high ridges, you can find both mountain tundra and real alpine meadows.
Mount Narodnaya is the highest point of the Ural Mountains. Its height is 1895 meters. This geographical fact was established relatively recently. Due to the inaccessibility of the Subpolar region, few scientific expeditions were made to Mount Narodnaya.
At different times, the highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Eurasia were called the mountains: Saber (1497 meters), Telpos-Iz (1617 meters), Manaraga (1660 meters). In 1924-1928, the North Urals Complex Expedition worked here under the leadership of B.N. Gorodkov. One of her detachments, led by A.N. Alyoshkov, in 1927 for the first time passed to the headwaters of the Národa River. Having studied the height of the mountain using the scientific methods already available at that time, they determined its height at 1870 meters (at present it is measured more precisely - 1895 meters).
It was Alyoshkov who gave it its name, but on which syllable the stress should fall in it, he did not document anywhere.
Disputes over stress continued until the publication of a textbook for pedagogical universities by F.N. Malkova and N.A. Gvozdetsky in 1963, in which the emphasis was on the first syllable. Since then, this option has been considered correct, formed from the name of the river, starting at the foot of the peak. Although, according to Gorodkov, who spoke after the death of Alyoshkov, she was named after the Russian people, as was customary at that time.
The Ural ranges were formed in the Paleozoic era during the Hercynian folding, later they underwent renewal, and their crystalline rocks came to the surface. They are composed of metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, very rich in various minerals and rocks. They form flat-topped ridges with gentle stepped western and steep steep eastern slopes.
Narodnaya (Mansiysk "People-Iz") on the map of the Urals is part of the Research Ridge of the Subpolar Urals, on the border of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Komi Republic, its coordinates are 65 ° N, 60 ° E. e. It consists of metamorphic schists and ancient quartzites. Its peak is rounded and double-headed, and the slopes of the mountain are covered with natural depressions - karami filled with water, glaciers, snowfields, rocky remains, mountain tundra, stone ruins.
Since Narodnaya became a place of pilgrimage for tourists, objects like “Vasya was here” have appeared here - a bust of Lenin, tablets, commemorative signs, a pyramid in which visitors leave their notes, a worship cross with the words “Save and save” written on it. installed on a saddle between two mountain peaks in 1998. The eastern slope of the summit, like the entire Urals, is steep and impassable for tourists. The ascent is carried out along the western slope, which is complicated by carts, and along the more convenient northern one.
The peaks offer a view of the surrounding highest peaks of the Subpolar Urals - Saber, Manaraga, etc. The harsh climate of the Subpolar region, which for so long did not allow getting close to these highest peaks of the Stone Belt of Russia, forms here a diverse and rich flora and fauna. Here you can find coniferous and mixed forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, alpine and arctic tundra. In the warm season, numerous mosquitoes, gadflies, horseflies and smaller blood-sucking insects - midges, midges appear here.
Dwarf birches, blueberries, wild rosemary, blueberries, short larch are replaced by herbs in the growth of a person, occasionally found with pink radiola. Of the animals, there are many inhabitants of the tundra - arctic foxes, deer, partridges, wolves. There are badgers, bears, chipmunks. Only two species of grayling are found in mountain rivers. In the lower reaches of the mountains, river fish are somewhat larger.
Mount Narodnaya [VIDEO]
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