Elbrus, the highest point in Europe. Distance from the resort settlements to the cable cars of the Elbus region. When is the best time to visit Mount Elbrus?

Mount Elbrus is the highest Mountain peak V Russian Federation. Its height is 5642m. It is located on the territories of two republics: Karachay-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkaria.

Elbrus is a layered volcano, dormant, has a conical shape and is composed of a large number of layers, hardened lava and ash. Last eruption on Elbrus was more than 1500 years ago. Modern scholars are debating whether the mountain is active volcano or extinct.

On the top and near the mountain there are glaciers, there are 23 of them. The most famous are: Irik, Big Azau. There are also glaciers on the mountain that form ice avalanches, Terskol, for example. When melting, the purest glacial water flows from Elbrus and feeds such rivers as the Kuban, Baksan, etc. Due to climate change, glaciers are gradually disappearing.

The weather near the mountain is very changeable and unstable. During the day, it can change several times, from sunny to rainy, a storm wind suddenly appears, and suddenly subsides to complete calm. Winters are severe and frosty, with heavy snows and blizzards. At the foot of the mountain, the average winter temperature is -10 0 С÷-25 0 С. At the top it is lower than -35 0 С.

Elbrus has attracted amateurs and athletes for a long time. The first ascent to the mountain was at the beginning of the 19th century. Climbers compete in skill and professionalism, conquering Elbrus, getting a master of sports and a world-class specialist. Numerous time climbing competitions are held, so numerous devices, cable cars, etc. have been built on its slopes.

The area around Elbrus is very diverse. Here you can see: gorges, accumulations of large stones, glaciers, streams with melt water, waterfalls formed by these streams. At an altitude of more than 3000 m, glacial deposits and lakes of ice open up.

The flora of Elbrus is very diverse and has more than 3,000 varieties. Mint, sea buckthorn, coltsfoot, etc. grow here. Among the animals you can meet a mountain goat, a raccoon dog, a wild boar, a jackal, a roe deer, a lynx, a fox, a wolf, a squirrel and a bear. The sky was mastered by such birds as the eagle, vulture, kite, golden eagle, saker falcon, etc.

Option 2

Mount Elbrus is located in the Caucasus, in the past it was an active volcano, now it is listed as one of the largest extinct volcanoes. The last volcanic eruption was recorded about 2000 years ago.

Elbrus is also called "two-headed", because it has two peaks, which are completely covered with century-old glaciers. The area of ​​the glacial part is 139 square kilometers. East End The mountain has a height of 5621 meters, the western one is 5642 meters. When glaciers melt, very powerful streams are formed, which flow down with rapid force, filling with their waters the most important rivers that are in that region: the Kuban, Baksan and Malka. Thanks to the melting of glaciers, the mountain feeds almost the entire part of North Caucasus.

The study of Elbrus began in the 19th century by Russian explorers. The first expedition went to study in 1829. The slopes of the mountain are considered the highest in all of Russia, they are the favorite places for athletes. Many athletes dream of conquering the top of Elbrus. The middle of the mountain can be reached by cable car.

At an altitude of about 3,600 meters, there is a very unusual hotel, which is called Barrels. The houses of this hotel are completely reminiscent of barrels, only large sizes. The hotel was specially built at this height so that tourists could wait for time, because the human body needs a little getting used to the high-mountain climate, because at high altitude in the mountains, the percentage of oxygen in the air is very small than below.

At high altitude, a person needs to breathe more often, capturing deeper air. Further, when climbing up through 510 meters, the next hotel is located, called "Shelter of Eleven". It is called so because many years ago, eleven conquerors of the mountain made a halt there, they liked this place very much, that they soon built a small hut there, and over time, a wonderful hotel was built on this place, for the same as those conquerors of this wonderful mountains. In the "Shelter of Eleven" climbers gain strength to further conquer the height. After all, you can’t be unprepared in order to get to the very top, for this you need to train for a long time and very hard before the very first ascent, and always remember the technique of bladeless behavior on the mountain. All the difficulties that the traveler experiences when climbing Elbrus are fully justified.

I had to deal with this issue as a child, my parents were not supporters of children's camps, so they chose an alternative form of recreation for me in the summer! And it was great, I was assigned to a children's tourism club. Every summer we went on unforgettable trips to different corners Russia. Once we had a trip to Elbrus.

Let's try to figure out where Elbrus is located

Elbrus located in the south of Russia, it takes special place in the Greater Caucasian ridge. This is an amazing place on earth, so amazing and beautiful that it must be seen with your own eyes. He is at the junctionrepublics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. In clear weather, Elbrus can be seen for several tens of kilometers.

Its peaks dominate mountain range, near Elbrus two peaks: Western and Eastern. MoreWestern is considered high although the difference in height is insignificant. On the slopes of Elbrus different height shelters are located, the so-called hotels, places where tourists gather, where you can relax and wait out the bad weather.

How to get to this amazing place in Russia

First of all, you need drive to Mineralnye Vody or Nalchik.

• The fastest and convenient way This air travel. You will be able to admire great views mountains from above, if it is clear and cloudless.
• But I'm the type who's willing to dive into romance railway with its pluses and minuses and hit the road with this particular mode of transport.

I can imagine how the landscapes outside the train window will change, a quiet swaying, a conductor with a proposal to order tea from her in a beautiful glass holder - beauty and nothing more.

Once you get to the city of your choice, the matter will remain small, as there will be enough people willing to help you get to your destination. Also from Mineralnye Vody and Nalchik flights to the foot of Elbrus are organized daily. From the bottom to the top you can make unforgettable journey by cable car, it will be a long and exciting journey. Don't forget to have a bite to eat at the cafe and listen to stories seasoned tourists.

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Until recently, my knowledge about Elbrus were limited to almost forgotten data from boring textbooks on geography and an angry tirade of a geographer, about the fact that it’s a shame not to know where you are the highest peak in Russia and Europe. But last year, my theoretical knowledge was replenished with practical ones, in other words, I visited the Caucasus and saw it with my own eyes nature miracle, and before that I studied all the guidebooks about this wonderful place.

The trip to the Caucasus was not spontaneous, it was long-awaited and carefully planned. Therefore, I decided to prepare in advance and scout, so to speak, the situation. I was interested in the following questions:

• where is it located and how to get to Elbrus;
• what transport can be reached to local attractions
• where to start climbing on mountain.

Where is Elbrus

I already knew that Elbrus is located in the Caucasus, or to be more precise, 150 kilometers from the city of Nalchik. And to be completely accurate, it is located between two republics - Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardin-Balkaria, but it is believed that the mountain is located on the territory of the latter. It is interesting that in these republics Elbrus is called differently, for example, the Circassians call Mount Oshkhomakho, and the Kabardians - Mingi Tau. Inexplicable but the fact!

First misleading impressions

Having driven not far from the city, you can see the Caucasian landmark. From a distance, it seemed to me not so impressive and huge, but when I arrived at my destination, my opinion changed. Of course I knew that the height of the mountain is over 5500meters. But I had no idea how high it was. I would say too high. I didn’t manage to look at this beauty for a long time, my neck was numb.

How to get to Elbrus

You can reach the mountain get by car, this is the most popular option, also sightseeing buses run good thing they go often. We were driving so we reached the mountain in 2 hours, the bus will take a little longer. But it's worth it! Elbrus is very popular among climbers, and it is not surprising who does not want to conquer this famous Caucasian peak. If you decide to climb the mountain, then your the path will run through the village of Azau. Most climbers start climbing from this place, before climbing, locals advise to spend a couple of days in the village for acclimatization. And then hit the road to conquer the impregnable peak!

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Climbing Elbrus I consider rightfully one of the most important achievements in my life. An indescribable feeling that you are on top of the world. In principle, the way it is, because Elbrus is one of the highest mountains on our planet. Follow me, I'll tell you where this mountain is!

Where is Mount Elbrus

5642-meter peak is the pride of Russia, located in the north Greater Caucasus what is between the territories Kabardino-Balkaria And Karachay-Cherkessia. Included in the list of "seven peaks" of Europe. By the way, I want to say that the height of 5642 m is only western peak. Second, eastern, has a height of 5621 m, that is, the top of Elbrus is double. You will be surprised to know what the mountain really is. fading volcano. Here is such an Elbrus with a secret! You might also be interested Name mountains. There are a couple of versions of its origin:

• translated from Iranian Aytbares means " high mountain»;
• or from the Georgian Yalbuz, which means "storm and ice".

Climbing a giant

We started our ascent cable car to a village called Azau(3750 m). We spent a couple of days here (for acclimatization) in the "Bochki" shelter. Then one day we climbed to a height of 4700 m on Pastukhov rocks. The next route was through the saddle at an altitude of 5300 m, located between 2 peaks of the mountain. After a little rest we had to overcome about 500 m, which we successfully did.

I want to tell you that the spectacle is magnificent! mountain scenery and nature of stunning beauty will not leave you indifferent. And for lovers ski resort this place will generally seem like paradise, take my word for it!

I hope I was able to answer your question and ignite a spark of a thirst for adventure and new emotions in your heart. Finally, I would like to add that we should be proud of such a miracle of nature, such a uniqueness of the Caucasus. Today this place is very popular. It's huge rest zone, here is also national park , in which the nature of the Elbrus region is in its original form.

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The gray-haired Elbrus is young at heart. Mighty and passionate - just touch. There is universal coldness in his brow. There is a wild fire in his chest.

Thinking about how to start my report today, I suddenly stumbled upon a poem for few famous person named Lvovich Belilovsky. I was amazed - the naive lines of Belilovsky, in contrast to the ornate pathos of Pushkin and the hysterically decadent style of Mandelstam, perfectly conveyed the essence of the famous Caucasian peak - after all, covered with mighty snows Elbrus is a volcano. But first things first.

Where is Elbrus

The two-headed giant is located in the Caucasus, on the very border of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria. How one of the peaks of the Lateral Range of the mountain system named Greater Caucasus , Elbrus is a mountain volcanic massif with a distinct a pair of vertices - Eastern And Western(height 5621 and 5642 m respectively). The peaks are separated by a one and a half kilometer saddle - Elbrus pass(height 5416 m), in which the station is located Red Fox 5300(climbing shelter). It should be noted the difficult fate of this shelter: earlier a hut was built here " Saddle”, abandoned in 1959 due to the fact that it was constantly clogged with snow. A new one was erected in its place in 2010. station EG 5300, But squally wind and miscalculations in the design led to its destruction.

How to get to Elbrus

Elbrus region(official term) very well developed in terms of transport, since the highest Russian and European mountain is extremely popular among fans of extreme climbing.

How to get to Elbrus from the nearest settlements - Nalchik or mineralwaters(well, or directly drive to the place on your own car). get there to the above cities can be done in several ways:

• on the plane of the Kuban airline(flight from Moscow lasts 2–3 hours and will cost 4 thousand rubles);
• by train(departing from Kazansky railway station the composition will take you for some 38 hours, moreover, by purchasing a compartment ticket, you will spend the same 4 thousand rubles);
• by bus(the road will take day, and for the ticket you have to pay 2 thousand rubles).

Looking at the dazzlingly shining cone of the Caucasian giant, I would like to end (as I began) on a poetic note.

... And in their (clouds) circle, a two-headed colossus, In a crown of shining ice, Elbrus is huge, majestic, Turned white in the blue sky.

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Do you dream of visiting the mountains? Once upon a time, a similar desire sat firmly in my head. But, as you know, if you really want something, then it will definitely come true! Sometimes it happens that as if the Universe itself is pushing you, circumstances develop by themselves, and now, your dream has already come true. That's how it happened to me. That spring, I met my future husband, who turned out to be an amateur climber. And in the summer we are together went to conquer Elbrus. Is it worth saying that I remember the trip for the rest of my life.

Where is Elbrus

At the time, I didn't even know where it was. But now I can find it on the map instantly. You just need to find Black on it and Caspian Sea. Found? See between them a huge mountain system? This is Caucasus. It is usually divided into Big and Small. Exactly Greater Caucasus Range we are interested. It serves as a natural border between Russia and Georgia. On the side of our state, its territory was divided by the republics: Adygea, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. Now find the city of Nalchik and, moving from it towards the Black Sea, on the border of two of the above republics of Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria, you will definitely see Elbrus. By the way, do not be surprised, but Elbrus - volcano, originated a very long time ago, more than two million years have passed since then. Its last eruption occurred a little less than two thousand years ago. By the way, even today scientists cannot agree on whether Elbrus went out or just fell asleep, and thermal springs originating in its depths, these disputes only warm up. Elbrus has two peaks, the western one rises to a height of 5642 meters, and the eastern one is only 21 meters lower than it. Above 3.5 thousand meters, the mountains are covered by glaciers, the melt waters of which give life to several large rivers. Here are the largest of these glaciers:

• Terskol;
• Big Azau;
• Small Azau;
• Irik.

Climate or when to take a chance

In the Elbrus region, the climate is mild with fairly low humidity, but the volcano itself does not look like a hospitable host. in winter average temperature air at its foot is -10 degrees, at an altitude of 2.5 thousand meters - already -25 ° C, and at the top - all 40 degrees of frost. Yes, and in summer it is not hot: if up to 2500 meters the air warms up to +10 degrees, then at an altitude of 4.2 thousand meters, even in July, above -14 ° C, the thermometer does not rise. And all this mess is accompanied sudden change in weather. The sun had just shone and there was no wind, when a blizzard immediately began. Therefore, even experienced climbers most often planning an ascent for the period from July to August.

climber or hiker

At all you don't have to be a mountaineer to enjoy the majesty of Elbrusand feel all its power. Enough to be ordinary tourist, come here, see this two-headed giant, and then, perhaps, dare to climb.

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As a child, I was very fond of reading Russian classical literature. And the theme of the Caucasus has always been something special, its nature seemed magical, as if from another world. Once, in search of visualization, I came across a reproduction of M. Yu. Lermontov’s painting “Elbrus at sunrise” and was struck by the beauty of this mountain. I couldn't believe that this dormant volcano located not somewhere in the Himalayas, but here.

Geographical position

Elbrus -the highest peak in Russia and throughout the European part of the continent. I have always been amazed by the sight of this ardent pearl of the North Caucasus, because the size of the volcano is really incredible. Don't notice him while traveling through Main Caucasian Range, it is impossible - the peak is located in its northern part, at a distance from other mountains, and the gaze returns to it every now and then. It is a kind of natural border between the republicsKabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia.

How to get there

If you are going not only to enjoy the view of this mountain, which, by the way, has two peaks (double beauty), but also to conquer Elbrus, then there are more detailed coordinates. The nearest settlement villageUpper Baksan. Its picturesque nature sunk into my heart: mountains, a river, in a word, beauty and freedom. And the proximity to the top is only 28 km! A little further from the peak is the city Tyrnyauz, administrative center Elbrus region. Those who do not consider themselves fans of rural romance can enjoy the view of the mountain from there. The gathering place for climbers is traditionally considered Azau glade - the largest sports ground, which is located directly at the foot of Elbrus. Recommend to get there by car, but you can also get to the parking lot and on buses, flights depart from almost all nearby cities.

Before you travel, check popular routes. For myself, I selected a few running and safe directions.

1. Climbing the southern slope is the most popular climbing option. The route contains several ropes of easy rope climbing.
2. Climbing the northern slope assumes the same level of complexity, but focuses on more experienced lovers of mountaineering, there are fewer parking lots on it.
3. East Ridge Climb will like extreme lovers, climbing it is noticeably more difficult.

There are also other routes, but they require good physical preparation. Unfortunately, I don't have one. But I am sure that the mountain will not leave you indifferent, and perhaps next time you will want to try this route.

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Oh ... I remembered the old days, when health still allowed me to go hiking regularly. We had our own company of 8 people. Every year we conquered more and more mountain peaks. Unfortunately, everything tends to end. So our company broke up, everyone had a family, children. And we only have memories and a couple of photos. The most memorable expedition was climbing Elbrus.

Where is Mount Elbrus

Located this incredible peak in the Caucasus mountains, namely in the side ridge. You surely know that Elbrus - not just a mountain, but the highest peak in Russia. To conquer it, you need to be experienced traveler, have steel health and endurance. The climb is not easy, it requires a lot of physical effort, but believe me, it's worth it. When the summit is reached, the beauty of the whole world opens before you at a glance. You are like God. Before you are mountains, forests, fields, sunset.

Interesting fact about Elbrus: only recently geologists have concluded that this mountain in the past was a volcano, which is extinct.

For those who want to conquer Elbrus

Elbrus - five thousandth(that is, its height is more than 5000 meters) . It means that you need to remember that:

• lifting requires a lot of material costs(equipment, equipment, food). And most importantly - cylinders with air;
• adaptation will take a long time(adaptation is the time spent at an altitude of approximately 3000 meters, so that the body gradually gets used to the altitude);
• at an altitude of more than 4000 meters you need to climb, breathing with a balloon(it's hard physically);
• there is always a risk of developing altitude sickness- this sore is dangerous because you may not immediately feel the symptoms, but when you do feel it, it may be too late, mountain sickness is deadly!

To get to the point from which the ascent will begin, you must arrive to the border of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria and the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia.

Exact location of Elbrus

Elbrus is located in the Caucasus, in the Caucasus Mountains, 130 kilometers from the city of Nalchik, if you move west.

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Mount Elbrus is the highest peak in Europe and Russia in particular. It is included in the catalog of the seven highest objects on the planet Earth. But this is not the only characteristic of this point in the Caucasus Mountains. It is a stratovolcano or, in other words, a layered volcano, which is formed by multi-layer hardening of lava, ash and tephra.

Such peaks are characterized great height and steep slopes. This is due to the properties of lava masses, which have a viscous and thick consistency. And eruptions from stratovolcanoes are explosive in nature, while the lava quickly solidifies and does not spread over the relief over long distances.

The height of Mount Elbrus

This volcano has two peaks with different heights. The western one is 5642 m, and the eastern one is a little lower - 5621 m. The distance between them is 3 km, and if measured along the mountainside - 5200 meters. On this saddle between the peaks of the volcano built the highest in Europe mountain shelter for climbers and fans to conquer peaks. And there are more than enough people who want to climb to such a height, starting with the first ascent to the eastern peak on July 22, 1829 by Khilar Khachirov. This local guide, a resident of Kabardino-Balkaria, who knows these places well. The western peak was conquered somewhat later, in 1874, by the English climbers F. Grove, F. Gardner, H. Walker, P. Knubel and the local guide A. Sottaev. After that, thousands of people from all over the world try to climb to the height of Mount Elbrus, coming to the Elbrus region every year.

controversial issues

Often on pages World Wide Web you can see controversial dialogues about Elbrus, where it is located, in which country. The mountain is located on the border of several territorial units, although most of is nevertheless located on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, which occupies the northern slope Caucasus mountains.

But the mountain itself is located at the junction of Kabardino-Balkaria and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, its image is on the emblems of both of these regions. However, very close North Ossetia, and Georgia, and Stavropol region. Therefore, in the Elbrus region there is a whole complex of resorts belonging to different republics of Russia and Georgia.

Also, disputes on the issue of Elbrus (where it is located, in which country) are also being conducted by geographers who cannot agree on a common opinion. Doubts are raised by assumptions that this volcano is located in Europe. Some argue that this is already the territory of Asia. The border between the continents runs just in the middle of the Main Caucasian Range.

mountain name

Depending on the location of Elbrus (where it is located, in which country), local residents call the volcano differently. In Iran, it is called Aitibares, which means "sparkling or shining". This name is very appropriate appearance peaks, when the eternal snows reflect the bright rays of the sun.

In Georgia, they call the mountain Yalbuz, which means: yal - "storm", buz - "ice". It can be seen that the inhabitants of this country have repeatedly witnessed the raging elements on the slopes of the mountain.

The Armenian name is closely phonetically related to the Georgian version. Sounds like Alberis. Many believe that this name comes from the word Alps.

The name of the mountain, invented by the Alans, sounds very beautiful. These are residents of Karachay-Balkaria. "Mingi-Tau" is translated as "the eternal mountain of consciousness and wisdom."

The world-famous name of the volcano - Elbrus - also has a local origin. Consists of several words. "El" is translated as a settlement or nationality, but "bur" is a word familiar to Russian-speaking people, meaning to twist, turn back. The last particle of the word "mustache" is translated as temper, behavior.

Based on the meaning of the word Elbrus (where it is located, in which country, we found out), a name was invented, you can understand the nature and properties of this famous volcano, which in sunny weather reflects the sun's rays with a bright brilliance, in bad weather threatens travelers with a strong snowstorm with freezing rain and snow swirling in the wind. Climbers who want to conquer the summit always remember the danger of such a hike.

Glaciers of the Caucasus Mountains

Elbrus last erupted over two thousand years ago. Since then, at the top is always very low temperature, which even in the summer heat does not rise above 0 degrees. The glaciers that cap the mountain cover 134.5 km, which is 10% of all such formations of the Caucasus Mountains. There are only 23 glaciers on Elbrus.

The largest and most famous are Big and Small Azau, Irik, Kokurtly, which occupy vast areas of valleys and slopes. But there are also very picturesque ice ones hanging from the cliffs. These are blocks of such glaciers as Kogutai, Terskol, Garabashi. Especially a lot eternal ice located on the northern slope of Mount Elbrus at an altitude of over 3850 meters.

The water formed after the melting and fall of these accumulations of ice fills the river flows mountain rivers Stavropol, such as the Kuban, Malku and Baksan.

The climate on the mountain

The mountain range always has changeable weather. So in Kabardino-Balkaria, Elbrus is distinguished by a frequent change of good warm weather on the bad, with precipitation and winds. It is connected with mountainous terrain, which forms the circulation of air masses by season.

Summer in the Elbrus region is cool, with high humidity. More than a week good weather not to be observed. The maximum thermometer showed + 35 degrees at an altitude of 2 km, even higher, at around 3 km, and even less, a maximum of + 25.

After this mark, winter weather begins in October. There is a lot of precipitation. The height of the snow cover on average reaches 50-80 cm. The higher to the top, the deeper the snow. More snow covers are located with north side. Southern thickness of snow cannot boast.

Spring comes to the territory of Elbrus only at the beginning of May. The summit is covered with snow all year round. Due to them, the mass of ice in glaciers is constantly growing.

Winter lasts for a long time, and at an altitude of 3 km the temperature drops to -12 degrees, the lowest temperature recorded at this point was -27 degrees.

ski resort

The largest ski resort "Elbrus Azau" was built in 1969 on the Azau glade, which is located at the foot of majestic mountain. For the convenience of skiers, there are two cable cars: the old pendulum with 20-seater cabins and the new gondola, taking 8 people on board. Lift tickets can be purchased as a one-time or for the whole day. They also sell season tickets for the entire period of skiing (from 2 to 8 days). The cost also varies depending on the season. One ascent - 550 rubles, descent - 500. The most expensive subscription for 8 days will cost 12,700.

Ski slopes

There are 11 slopes on Elbrus for skiers of all levels: from beginners to professionals. The blue slopes are wider and gentler. The reds and blacks are for experienced riders, but they also fade into the blue, gentle slopes. A subscription to skiing from the mountain will cost from 500 to 850 rubles per day.

Perfectly organized holiday for children. For them there is a separate drag lift for 300 meters. An experienced instructor conducts classes with beginners, fun competitions and contests are often organized. There is a ski school where the child will be taught all the details of the correct and safe descent.

Infrastructure of the complexes

On the territory of the complex there are 38 hotels, cafes, restaurants, baths and saunas, ski equipment rental. There are shops and even a club. You can pay in cash or bank cards. Everything is done for the convenience of vacationers.

For conquerors of peaks there is an interesting complex called "Barrels". There, climbers can go through acclimatization, warm up, relax after a hard climb, have a snack and sleep.

It is located at an altitude of 3750 meters, at the final station chairlift"Garabashi". Each "barrel" is designed for 6 people. There is everything you need: toiletries, bedding, warm blankets.

How to get there?

The best and closest way to the mountain is from Nalchik. There is an airport, so you can fly from different places. Further from the city to the Elbrus region, you can take a taxi or minibus number 17. Then you also need to go to Terskol by taxi.

On your car from Rostov-on-Don, you need to go along the M-4 highway, and before reaching Nalchik, turn onto A-158. The coordinates of Elbrus, which is described in the article, on the navigator are 43°18"56"N, 42°27"42"E.

Come any time of the year. Skiing is also possible in the middle of summer.

Elbrus is located in the south of Russia, in the Caucasus, 130 kilometers west of the city Nalchik. This double peak volcanic origin has a height of 5642 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in Russia. Climbing Elbrus can be done by every young healthy person, but it is necessary to go in a group with an experienced instructor, and with suitable equipment.

Coordinates:
43.3469353 northern latitude
42.4528694 east longitude

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Mount Elbrus, Russia: description, photo, where it is on the map, how to get

Elbrus- one of the largest stratovolcanoes of the planet; the highest peak in Russia and Europe. The height of this giant increased with each eruption. According to the latest data, it rises to 5642 m above sea level. There are many climbers and naturalists among the tourists visiting Elbrus. This mountain is included in 1000 popular places world according to our site.

Geographically, Elbrus is located in the northern part of the Greater Caucasus Range, on the border of Europe with Asia. The nearest airports are Mineralnye Vody and Nalchik. Then there is a transfer by taxi or bus, which takes from 3 to 4 hours. You can also get to the Elbrus region by train. Railway stations there are in many cities of the North Caucasus.

The natural attractions of the Elbrus region leave no one indifferent. The area located at the foot of the mountain is considered a balneo-climatic zone.

Visitors from all over the world dream of visiting it. For good rest all conditions are created. Possible spa treatment based on carbon dioxide mineral waters, the so-called Narzans. Climbers and skiers dream of visiting the slopes of Mount Elbrus and the nearby Cheget peak. Well and tourist routes run through picturesque gorges, valleys and passes.

For local residents this mountain has a special meaning. The name they gave her "Mingi Tau" means "Eternal Mountain". There are many versions about the origin of the name Elbrus. One of them refers the word to the Iranian dialect and translates as "high, sparkling mountain." The first conquerors of the eastern summit of Elbrus were climbers in the group of General G. A. Emmanuel. This happened back in 1829. Half a century later, to the western, more high peak climbed the English climber F. Grove.

Today, many climbers are trying to conquer the peaks of this giant. Climbing, as a rule, takes place under the strict guidance of professionals who know all the subtleties and nuances of the terrain. The snow-ice cap and the outlines of Elbrus are well known not only to the inhabitants of Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria, but also to Stavropol. This is a real symbol of the entire North Caucasus of Russia. Elbrus glaciers feed the largest river Krasnodar Territory Kuban and the stormy Terek.

Photo Attractions: Mount Elbrus

Mount Elbrus on the map:

Where to stay in Elbrus

In which part of the resort to choose accommodation when coming to rest? The question is quite important, because resort area stretched for 20 kilometers along the Baksan Gorge. This article will help you figure it all out.

Ski and snowboard enthusiasts often settle near cable cars, but there are also disadvantages: crowded, frequent "traffic jams" on the roads, avalanche risk, high altitude problems (pressure, poor health).

There is a compromise accommodation option: to settle in inexpensive hotel away from the ski lifts and enjoy the free shuttle service.

So let's look at all the options:

At the entrance to the Elbrus region, on the left side is Adyr-su gorge with two climbing camps.

Further 5 km higher is settlement Neutrino. Vacationers who arrive in their cars often stop here. Due to the remoteness from the main infrastructure of the resort, prices for private sector(apartments) is significantly lower, and the drive takes 15-20 minutes.

Elbrus village. Another 5 km higher. There is a large settlement with shops, pharmacies and a hospital. Prices for the private sector are slightly higher than in the settlement of Neutrino.

On the outskirts of the village there is a resort area in pine forest. Elbrus a large number of hotels with different price ranges. Most popular: Ozone and Europa Peak. They organize transfers to the ski lifts for their clients.

An ideal place for people suffering from bronchial asthma and various allergic diseases, this place is the most comfortable when choosing summer holidays. Also, climbers planning their ascents to such peaks as Shkhelda, Ushba, Dzhantugan and Mount Elbrus (through the Irik-Chat gorge) start their journey from here.

Above the village there is a picturesque gorge Adyl-su with climbing camps.

Tegenekli village located two kilometers above Elbrus. There is a large boarding house here. And above - a large number of departmental bases.

The following tourist accommodations: settlement Baydaevo, Polyana Narzanov, Polyana Itkol. There are many Narzan springs here, there are several hotels. It takes 5-10 minutes to go to the cable lifts. by car.

Polyana Cheget. Before ski complex a large number of hotels. Considered an avalanche hazard. The slope is more suitable for intermediate and advanced skiers.

Terskol village. The main location for tourists who prefer the private sector. There are also many hotels here. Most of Terskol is located in an avalanche-safe place. On one side of the village Terskolkskoe gorge. On the other Terskol forest. A good place for walks, picking mushrooms and berries.

Polyana Azau. Accommodation at the foot of the mountain. Within walking distance to the ski lifts. This is where most of the tourists stay. Counts the best place accommodation for tourists tired of transport.

However, there are also disadvantages: most of the clearing is avalanche-prone, winter period it is difficult to drive up and out due to snow drifts and traffic jams. Few places to walk.

When choosing Polyana Azau, do not forget that you will live at an altitude of 2300 m above sea level. This can be critical for people with heart conditions and those sensitive to acclimatization moments.

Most often, tourists feel the effects of acclimatization on the first night and after three days. We hope this information will help you when planning your trip.

Distance from the resort settlements to the Elbus cable cars

Terskol - 1.5 km to Cheget and 2.5 to the foot of Elbrus

Baydaevo - 4 km to the ski lift to Cheget + 4 more to Elbrus

Tegenekli - about 7 km to the lift to Cheget + 4 more to Elbrus

Elbrus – about 10 km to Cheget + …

Neutrino - about 14.5 km to Cheget.

In these settlements there is both a private sector and hotels. Walking distance to the ski lift. However, you can always take a taxi, which will cost from 300 to 100 rubles one way per car. Remote housing is cheaper. Some hotels offer a free shuttle to the cable cars.

Hotel location map

On our site you can find the most convenient option housing, order a transfer both from the airport / train station to the place of residence, and to the cable cars. Choose the excursions you are interested in, order a full-fledged tour, just learn something new and interesting about the Elbrus region, see photos of our beauties, get acquainted with the information necessary for hiking trails and ascents. We will be happy to help you find a mountain guide or ski / snowboard instructor and answer any questions you may have! Welcome!

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Geographic Description

Name

Infrastructure

Climbing history

Elbrus(Karach.-Balk. Mingi tau) - a mountain in the Caucasus, on the border of the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. Elbrus is located north of the Main Caucasian Range and is the highest peak in Russia. Considering that the boundaries of the European part of the world are ambiguous, Elbrus is often also called the highest European mountain peak.

Geographic Description

Elbrus is a two-peak cone of a volcano. The western peak has a height of 5642 m, the Eastern one - 5621 m. They are separated by a saddle - 5200 m and are separated from each other by about 3 km. The last eruption dates back to 50 AD. e. ± 50 years.

According to the climbing classification, Elbrus is rated as 2A snow-ice, the passage of both peaks - 2B. There are other, more difficult routes, for example, Elbrus (W) along the NW ridge 3A.

Name

According to one version, the name Elbrus comes from the Iranian Aitibares - "high Mountain", more likely - the Iranian "sparkling, brilliant" (like Elburs in Iran). The Georgian name Yalbuz is from the Turkic yal - "storm" and buz - "ice". The Armenian Alberis is probably a phonetic variant of the Georgian name, but the possibility of a connection with the common Indo-European base, to which the toponym "Alps" goes back, is not ruled out.

Other names:

• Mingi tau - eternal mountain (Karachay-Balkar).
• Elburus - guide of the wind (Nogai).
• Ashartau - snowy mountain of aces (Kumyk).
• Jin-padishah - the king of mountain spirits (Turkic).
• Albar (Albors) - high; high mountain (Iranian).
• Yalbuz - mane of snow (Georgian).
• Oshkhamakho - mountain of happiness (Kabardian).
• Uryushglumos - mountain of the day.
• Kuskamaf is a mountain that brings happiness.
• Shat, Shat-mountain - the old Russian name (from Karach.-Balk. chat, chat- protrusion, hollow, that is "mountain with a hollow")

Gorges

Adylsu, Shkheldy, Adyrsu gorges, Donguz-Orun and Ushba massifs are very popular among climbers and mountain tourists. Elbrus is the most popular ski resort in Russia.

Glaciers

The total area of ​​Elbrus glaciers is 134.5 km²; the most famous of them: Big and Small Azau, Terskol.

Infrastructure

It is mainly concentrated on the southern slopes, where the pendulum and chairlift are located. The lift height of the cable car is 3750 meters, there is a shelter "Barrels", which is more than ten six-seater insulated residential trailers and a kitchen. Currently, this is the main starting point for those climbing Elbrus. At an altitude of 4000 m, the highest mountain hotel "Shelter of Eleven" is located, which burned down at the end of the 20th century, on the basis of the boiler room of which a new building has now been rebuilt, which is also actively used by climbers. A number of residential 12-seater trailers and a kitchen have been installed. In the evenings, the work of a diesel generator is organized with the supply of electricity to the trailers. Pastukhov rocks are located at an altitude of 4600-4700 m. Above the Pastukhov rocks in winter there is an ice field. From a height of 5000 the so-called oblique shelf begins - a trail with a smooth climb. The standard route to the Western and Eastern peaks passes through the saddle. From the saddle, both peaks rise to a height of about 300 m.

Since 2007, work has been underway to build a rescue shelter (“Station EG 5300”) on the saddle of the mountain (height 5300 m). The shelter will be a hemisphere of a geodesic dome with a diameter of 6.7 m, installed on a gabion foundation. In 2008, a reconnaissance of the area was carried out, a base camp was prepared, and the design of a shelter began. In 2009, the structures of the dome were made, construction work began: gabions were erected by the expedition members, the elements of the dome were transported to the construction site (including using a helicopter). Completion of construction is planned for 2010.

On the north side, the infrastructure is poorly developed, and is represented by several huts on one of the moraines (at an altitude of about 3800 m), which are used by tourists and employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. As a rule, this point is used for climbing the Eastern peak, the path to which passes through the Lenz rocks (from 4600 to 5200 m), which serve as a good guide for all climbers.

Climbing history

In 1813, Russian academician V.K. Vishnevsky for the first time determined the height of Elbrus (5421 m).

The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829 during an expedition led by General G. A. Emmanuel, head of the Caucasian fortified line. The expedition was of a scientific nature (the Elbrus expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences was organized from Pyatigorsk, about which there is a record in Diana's grotto; see also Alpinism in pre-revolutionary Russia), its participants were: academician Adolf Kupfer - geophysicist, geologist, founder of the Main Physical Observatory in St. Petersburg , physicist Emily Lenz, zoologist Eduard Minetrie, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, botanist Karl Meyer, who later became an academician and director of the botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, artist-architect Joseph (Giuseppe-Marco) Bernardazzi, Hungarian scientist Janos Besse. The auxiliary service of Emmanuel's expedition consisted of 650 soldiers and 350 Cossacks of the line, as well as local guides.

Kupfer, Lenz, Meyer, Minetrier, Bernardazzi, 20 Cossacks and guides participated directly in the ascent. However, the lack of experience and the poor quality of climbing equipment forced most of the participants to turn back. Further ascent continued only four: Emily Lenz, Cossack Lysenkov and two people from the group of guides - Hilar Khachirov and Akhiya Sottaev. At an altitude of about 5300 m, due to lack of strength, Lenz and his two escorts were forced to stop. The first to climb the eastern peak at about 11 am on July 10, 1829 was the Karachay (according to other sources - Kabardian) guide Hilar Khachirov. This event was marked by a gun salute in the camp, where General Emmanuel watched the ascent through a powerful telescope.

At the location of the camp, a commemorative inscription was carved on one of the stones ( below and in Fig.), the location of which was lost over time. It was discovered by Soviet climbers already in the 20th century (accidentally, 103 years later - it was hidden under a centuries-old layer of lichens).

The first successful ascent to the western, the highest peak, was made in 1874 by a group of English climbers led by F. Grove and a Balkar guide A. Sottaev, a participant in the first ascent.

The first person to climb both peaks of Elbrus is the Russian military topographer A. V. Pastukhov. In 1890, accompanied by four Cossacks of the Khoper regiment, he climbed to its western peak, and six years later, in 1896, he conquered the eastern one. Also, Pastukhov for the first time compiled maps of the peaks of Elbrus.

In August 1974, three completely standard (without winches and traction control chains) UAZ-469 vehicles reached the glacier on Mount Elbrus at an altitude of 4000 meters during a test run.

Now Elbrus is very popular for climbing, both in mountaineering and mountain tourism.

Elbrus during the Great Patriotic War

Due to its symbolic significance as the highest point in Europe, Elbrus became the scene of a fierce confrontation during the Great Patriotic War, which was also attended by units of the German Edelweiss mountain rifle division. During the Battle for the Caucasus on August 21, 1942, after occupying the Krugozor and Shelter of Eleven mountain bases, the German Alpine riflemen managed to install German banners on the western peak of Elbrus. By the middle of the winter of 1942-1943, the Wehrmacht was driven off the slopes of Elbrus, and on February 13 and 17, 1943, Soviet climbers climbed the western and eastern peaks of Elbrus, respectively, where Soviet flags were hoisted.