Coast of Crimea detailed map. Crimea map. Detailed tourist map of Crimea
It is a well-known fact that the Crimean peninsula has unique climate. Crimea, whose territory occupies 26.9 thousand km 2, is not only a well-known Black Sea health resort, but also a health resort of Azov. The waters of these two continental seas wash its shores. In addition, Crimea is endowed with significant potential for the development of irrigated agriculture: horticulture and viticulture.
The peninsula has a multi-level relief. In the north and in the center, the steppe relief prevails, it occupies ¾ of the territory of Crimea, in the south it is limited to three ridges of gently sloping sedimentary Crimean mountains, stretching in a strip 160 km long. The southern coast pleases with its resort opportunities. Accordingly, in terms of climate, the peninsula includes three recreational zones:
The most demanded - subtropical;
Millions of tourists in the summer become guests of his friendly cities: Kerch, Feodosia. These are the largest cities of the peninsula, short description we will present some of them below. According to statistics, at present, 5-6 million tourists visit the peninsula during the season. Is it a lot or a little? For comparison, resorts in Turkey in 2011 were visited by 31.456 million tourists. It's all about infrastructure and promotion. As you can see, Crimea has something to strive for…
Population of Crimea
The population of the Crimean peninsula, according to Krymstat data as of 01/01/2014, is more than 2.342 million people and tends to increase. The reason is the migration attractiveness of the Crimea. At the same time, urban residents have a share of 62.7% on the peninsula, and rural residents, respectively, 37.3%. In national terms, according to the 2001 census, the population of Crimea is represented mainly by Russians (58.3%), Ukrainians (24.3%), Crimean Tatars (12.1%), Belarusians (1.5%). The remaining nationalities in the population of the peninsula occupy a much smaller share - less than 1%.
By the way, the 2001 Crimean census showed interesting fact: there are more Izhors (a small Finnish-Ugric people) living on its territory than in their historical homeland.
Cities of Crimea
The cities of the Crimean peninsula are not numerous. There are currently 18 of them. Imagine brief characteristics some of them.
Administrative, cultural and industrial center Crimea is the 360-thousandth city of Simferopol. In Greek, its name sounds like "city of benefit." This is the most important transport hub. It is through him that roads lead to everything. settlements peninsulas.
The industry of Simferopol is significant: about 70 large enterprises, among which are the factories "Photon", "Pneumatics", "Santekhprom", "Krymprodmash", "Fiolent" and others. Accordingly, the population of the city is quite qualified. The main universities of the peninsula are located in the city, so it is called scientific center Crimea. We also recall that Simferopol is the birthplace of academician Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov, actor Roman Sergeevich Filippov, singer Yuri Iosifovich Bogatikov.
The city of Sevastopol was built by decree of Empress Catherine II as a fortress. He has strategic importance in the Black Sea region as an ice-free port and naval base. Since 2014, according to the Russian Constitution, Sevastopol has federal significance, being the main base of the Black Sea Fleet.
In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, Sevastopol was endowed with a special status. The industrial potential of the "city of Russian sailors" is determined by the local fishing port, fish cannery and plant, Inkerman winery, shipbuilding and shipyards. The city of Sevastopol, in addition, is a significant resort center south coast Black Sea, with about 200 resorts and 49 kilometers of beaches.
One of ancient cities world is Kerch, in its place in the 7th century AD. e. Hellenes founded the city of Panticapaeum. The industry of Kerch is represented by mining, metal processing, shipbuilding, construction, and fishing enterprises. with a population exceeding 100 thousand are Evpatoria and Yalta, more than 83 thousand inhabitants in Feodosia. A map of the cities of the Crimean peninsula shows that most of them are located on the coast. The exceptions are Simferopol, Belogorsk and Dzhankoy.
It should be noted that the existing urban structure of Crimea is historically balanced. Further urbanization of the peninsula is hampered by its limited water resources.
The recent past. All-Union health resort
Crimea, the Black Sea... these words were well known to everyone Soviet people. How many people rested on the peninsula? It is difficult to find exact statistics. The official figure is 10 million. However, it was compiled based on data from sanatorium-and-spa institutions.
At the same time, very significant flows of vacationers traveled to the Crimea on their own and organized their holidays themselves. However, they were not included in the official statistics. We are talking about the so-called "savages". One of the authors of Literaturnaya Gazeta made a joke about them in the 1960s. He said that this way of recreation became so popular in the USSR that the press began to use the word "savage" without quotation marks.
In their suitcases lay a map of the Crimean peninsula, and they chose the route and place of rest themselves ... How to count them? To account for the number of citizens who have a rest on their own, an informal "bread" technology was used. The calculation is simple: almost all citizens consume bread every day. One person per day, on average, accounts for 200-250 grams. Growth in bread consumption holiday season and allowed to determine the number of "savages". Impressive statistics were obtained: if in 1958 there were about 300 thousand of them, then in 1988 - 6.2 million people.
Thus, the Soviet Crimea during the holiday season (from May to September) provided its recreational resources for 16 million Soviet people. And if we take into account that the Turkish holiday season is twice as long, then we come to the conclusion: Crimea in the 80s of the last century provided rest for a flow of people commensurate with modern Turkish, however, if we take into account the "savages".
Natural resources
Crimea is endowed with significant deposits of natural gas, oil, mineral salts, and iron ore. Preliminary calculations estimate the total volume of gas deposits as follows - more than 165 billion m 3, oil - about 47 million tons, iron ore - more than 1.8 billion tons.
Despite the efficient extraction of minerals, the Crimean Peninsula, according to experts, has a much greater potential due to the unique natural resources that are promising for creating a year-round base for medical rehabilitation of an international level.
Their fullest use is a strategic task for the entire Crimean economy.
This peninsula is original and able to surprise. On 5.8% of its territory there are objects and lands related to protected funds.
Stocks fresh water Crimea is the subject of many discussions. Although the map of the Crimean peninsula shows the presence of 257 local rivers, the largest of which are Alma, Belbek, Kacha, Salgir, but almost all of them have a limited supply from the mountains and dry up in summer. 120 Crimean rivers- no longer than 10 km, these are mountain streams rather than rivers. The longest of all is Salgir (204 km).
There are many lakes on the peninsula, more than 80. However, these reservoirs marine origin, they are lifeless due to the high salinity of the water. Such lakes do not contribute to the development of agriculture, oppressing the soil.
On the one hand, the region's significant climatic agricultural potential, and on the other hand, insufficient water resources have determined the need for human intervention in this imbalance. Of decisive importance for water supply is the North Crimean Canal, which supplies Dnieper water to the peninsula. Its volume in 2003 was 83.5% of the total water supply of Crimea.
Thus, artificial construction Three stages of the canal compensated for the shortage of water, which objectively could not be provided by either the own rivers of the Crimean Peninsula or its lakes. By the way, the share of rivers in the region's water supply is only 9.5%.
The steppe part of Crimea extracts drinking water from artesian basins. Its share is also low - 6.6% of the total. Although clean, high-quality water is extracted from wells.
Statistics show that one inhabitant of the Crimea has an average daily volume of water 4.7 times less than for an inhabitant of the middle zone. In addition, the cost of water in the Crimea is also traditionally higher.
Flora of Crimea
If in the center and in the north of the peninsula there are arable lands, then in the mountains there is a riot of primordial flora. There, to the delight of specialists, 240 species of unique, endemic plants grow. The northern slopes of the Crimean Mountains are covered with dense deciduous forest, oak groves grow below, oak and hornbeam groves grow above. The southern slopes of the mountains are covered with pine forests. Among conifers - endemic Crimean pine.
The nature of the Crimean peninsula is exceptionally favorable for the creation of cultivated arboretums of the southern coast, numbering hundreds and thousands of plants harmoniously planted by specialists. If wild vegetation is represented by shrub thickets (shibliak), then cultivated seaside parks are man-made pearls of this ancient land. Special place among them belongs to the oldest Nikitsky Botanical Garden, which presents plants from all over the world to tourists. However, Massandrovsky, Livadia, Forossky, Vorontsovsky parks. And this is far from complete list Crimean dendrological plantations.
Story. Ancient world
The history of Crimea is attractive and eventful. Its territory has long attracted conquerors. Some of the original inhabitants, the Cimmerians, who lived as early as the 12th century, were supplanted by the Scythians. Other indigenous people, the Taurians, who lived in the foothills and mountains, assimilated with the conquerors. Crimea became part of the Scythian state.
In the 5th century BC e. the Hellenes used the Crimean peninsula to found on its southern coast (Tavrika, as they called it) their colony cities: Chersonesus, Kafa, Panticapaeum. At this stage, it was not about the statehood of the peninsula, but rather about the Greek colonization of the coast. At the same time, the Scythians owned the steppes.
Recall that the Crimea is also called the cradle of Russian Orthodoxy. It was here, on the land of Chersonesos, in the 1st century AD. e. Apostle Andrew the First-Called landed, preaching to the Taurians and Scythians.
63 AD e. was marked by the annexation of Crimea by the Roman Empire, which took control of the cities built by the Greeks. After the fall of this mighty power, the peninsula was subjected to several attacks. In the 3rd century A.D. e. Crimea was conquered by immigrants from Scandinavia - the Goths, and in the 4th century A.D. e. they were replaced by later aggressors - the Huns, nomads from Asia.
Since the 6th century, Turkic-speaking tribes have dominated the Crimean steppes, forming the Khazar Khaganate. We will recall this fact again in this article.
Crimean city-colonies on the coast fell under the jurisdiction of the heiress of Rome - Byzantium. The Byzantines strengthened Chersonese, new fortresses grew: Alushta, Gurzuf, Eski-Kermen, Inkerman and others. With the weakening of Byzantium on the coast, the Genoese form the Principality of Theodoro.
Middle Ages
Christianity developed on the peninsula in the Middle Ages as well. Saint Prince Vladimir was baptized in Chersonesus, who subsequently spread the Christian faith throughout all of Rus'.
From the 8th century A.D. e. in the steppe part of the peninsula, Slavic colonization took place, which was limited in time, since attention Kievan Rus priority was given to the western borders, and the nomads pursued an active and aggressive policy of raids.
In the XII century, the Crimean peninsula becomes Polovtsian. This era is illustrated by individual Polovtsian names that have survived to our time: Ayu-Dag (“Bear Mountain”), Artek (the name of the son of the Polovtsian Khan).
After the conquest of the entire peninsula, including the Tatar-Mongols in the XIII century, the city of Solkhat (located on the territory of modern small town Old Crimea.). The peninsula is part of the vast Tatar-Mongolian state of the Golden Horde.
New story
In the period when the peoples finally became sedentary and nations began to be created, the indigenous nation of the peninsula, the Crimean Tatars, took shape. In 1475, the peninsula was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, and Kafa became the capital of Crimea. The Turkish state of Porta became an ally of the Crimean Tatars, who were vassal dependents on it. Ottoman Empire built its military bridgeheads on the peninsula. On Perekop, the conquerors built the strategic fortress of Or-Kala.
The history of the Crimean peninsula of modern times (its countdown goes back to the Renaissance) is connected with the wars of Russia against the Crimean Khanate. In particular, in 1736 by the army of Christopher Antonovich Minich, and in 1737 by the army of Pyotr Petrovich Lassia, it was significantly weakened. Khan Kyrym Giray, politically trying to create an alliance with the states of the West, died suddenly in 1769.
During the Russo-Turkish War on 06/14/1770 and 07/29/1770, the Second Army under the command of General-General Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov won two strategic victories over the Crimean Tatars: on the Perekop line and at Cafe. Native statehood this region was lost. The map of the Crimean peninsula from 1783 instead of the Crimean Khanate displayed the Taurida province, owned by Russia.
Crimean California
In the 20th century, already in Soviet times, this region became the object of controversial geopolitics. On October 18, 1921, the Crimean ASSR, a component of the RSFSR, was formed here.
Meanwhile, the problem of the development of the region arose before the Soviet government. If the Black Sea turned out to be quite densely populated, then this could not be said about its steppe part. The Crimean steppe clearly lacked human resources. The idea of creating agricultural Jewish settlements to turn the semi-desert steppe into cultivated land. The history of the Crimean peninsula, as we see, had an alternative development perspective.
In 1922, the Jewish international organization"Joint" with a profitable offer. She undertook to invest in agriculture on 375 thousand hectares of the Crimean peninsula, and for this, the RSFSR, accordingly, was offered to realize the old dream of Jews seeking the promised land - to establish a Jewish ASSR here.
This proposal had historical roots. In the VIII-X century, which existed on the territory of the peninsula, professed Judaism.
In the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, under the Council of Nationalities, a separate committee was created for the land employment of Jews. The Committee developed a 10-year plan for the placement of up to 300,000 Jewish settlers in the steppe part of Crimea.
On February 19, 1929, an agreement was signed between the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR and the "Joint" on the development of the Crimean lands. In the world, this project is better known under the name "Crimean California". For its implementation, an international Jewish organization issued securities worth $20 million purchased by American and European private capital. In total - $26 million (according to the current exchange rate - approximately $1.82 billion) of investments passed through the Agro-Joint branch opened in Simferopol.
In 1938, Stalin canceled the project, but the issue was raised during World War II. Joint stockholders wanted compensation. At the Tehran Conference, they were expressed to Stalin by American President Roosevelt. However, during cold war The dispute was resolved by General Secretary Khrushchev using the Gordian knot method. On February 19, 1954, the Crimean region was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR from the RSFSR. The agreement between the USSR and the "Joint" was no longer valid: the subject of the dispute did not belong to the RSFSR.
Crimea within Ukraine
The territory of Crimea, having become part of the Ukrainian SSR, required significant resources for its development. About 300 thousand people were deported from this region the day before, there were clearly not enough workers. In the fighting of the Great Patriotic War a significant portion of the male population perished. The agriculture of the peninsula alone could not get out of the crisis and reach the pre-war level. There were not enough roads.
In 1958, the Ukrainian SSR allocated funds from its budget for the construction of the world's longest trolleybus route which connected Simferopol with Alushta and Yalta. In 1961-1971, a strategically important artificial canal was also built, irrigating the steppe lands of Crimea at the expense of the water of the Kakhovka reservoir of the Dnieper. Since then, viticulture and horticulture began to develop in a planned and progressive manner.
However, after 1991, a dangerous downward trend emerged in the development of agriculture on the peninsula. The reason is the high cost of acquiring modern agricultural technologies for peasants and the lack of state support for agriculture in this problematic region. As a result, the sown area has more than halved and, accordingly, the water supply by the North Crimean Canal has decreased.
Crimea today
The current political crisis in relations between Russia and Ukraine is largely affecting the economy of the peninsula. Guided by the results of the referendum of the Crimean population (2014), the RSFSR annexed it as a subject of the federation. Ukraine, for its part, did not recognize the legitimacy of this referendum and considers Crimea annexed.
The imbalance of economic ties, generated by the Russian-Ukrainian "trade wars", depresses the economy of the region. In fact, the holiday season failed. Agriculture suffers due to inconsistency in its water supply. However, the population of the peninsula is waiting for these temporary difficulties to be overcome. The Russian Federation, for its part, is building its state infrastructure in Crimea. After all, it is not enough to nominally new republic the map of Russia has been replenished. The Crimean peninsula is currently going through a difficult path of economic and legal integration into Russian society.
Ukraine and the G7 countries, as already mentioned, did not recognize the legitimacy of the referendum. Hence the difficulties in getting the peninsula proper international status. There are also questions related to the position of the Crimean Tatars, that is, the indigenous population.
However, the story continues, and the population of Crimea, of course, expects federal investment in the economy of their region. In many ways, his choice of statehood was determined by the expectations of the development of the region. What will be the future for unique peninsula? The question is still open.
Conclusion
What are the prospects for this wonderful land? Let's remember the lessons of history. At a time when one of the last general secretaries of the USSR, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, was trying to “strengthen labor discipline” by intensifying control over absenteeism and preventing theft, more constructive processes were taking place in the country located on the other side of the Black Sea ... The Crimean peninsula at that time had more powerful sanatorium base than Turkey.
In the 80s in Turkey, the international investment process in the resort industry was clearly economically planned, legally defined and launched by the entire state machine. The country, whose GDP fell by 10% during the global crisis, was building a new promising revenue item in the budget - the resort business. International agreements were reached on the regime of capital investments for private investors, equal in rights with residents.
At the same time, foreign investors were not only exempted (partially or in full) from taxes and duties when making capital investments in sanatoriums, but also received the right to unlimited equity participation in them. They were also guaranteed a refund and repatriation of capital if the investment "failed".
Obviously, the Crimean peninsula should be economically developed in a similar way. Photos of his resorts after such investments will be able to compete with pictures taken in sanatoriums and water parks in Turkish Antalya.
Probably everyone dreams of making a trip to the Crimea. Here, as in no other place, a rich history, culture, amazing picturesque corners nature. And, of course, rest in the Crimea is impossible to imagine without a warm gentle sea coast, amazing healing air, richest parks. We have made a small selection of maps of the Crimean coast for those who are going to relax in this wonderful place. Let's start with a general detailed map of the coast.
Satellite map of Crimea online
Satellite map detailed
(For a detailed study, the map must be enlarged)
Map of the southern coast of Crimea
Road map of Crimea with distances
Rest in Crimea is not only the traditional sea and beaches. Both large and very small coastal cities of Crimea keep the memory of A. Pushkin, A. Chekhov, A. Grin, M. Voloshin, M. Gorky, F. Chaliapin and many other figures of Russian culture. The famous Livadia Palace in Yalta attracts vacationers with its history associated with events of world significance.
It was here favorite place recreation of the Romanov imperial family. During the Second World War, a meeting took place between Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt.
Palace of Alexander III Vorontsov Palace are also remarkable architectural monuments and historical monuments.
Magnificent museums of painting have their admirers. In Feodosia you can see a large collection of paintings by marine painter I. Aivazovsky.
In Crimea, everyone will find something that is close to him. A trip to the Crimea is a meeting with romantic youth, when you believe in a miracle with scarlet sails, when bird home seems like a magic castle hanging over the sea.
Nikitsky Botanical Garden, known throughout the world for the richness of its collection of plants. For about two hundred years, it has been pleasing wildlife lovers. More than 30 thousand different plants are collected here.
Crimea is active cultural recreation combined with the enjoyment of the richest gifts of nature.
Most of the territory of the peninsula is the North Crimean Plain. On the Kerch Peninsula - in the easternmost part of Crimea - there are hilly plains with a little more O higher altitude above sea level. South part peninsula bordering the Black Sea - this is the so-called Mountainous Crimea.
The Crimean ridge is part of the Alpine fold. High mountain ranges here are interspersed with longitudinal plains, in which the main tourist cities are located on the map of Crimea with areas - Yalta, Sudak, Koktebel, Gurzuf and others.
How to get to the Crimean peninsula
On satellite map Crimea, you can see that the peninsula has developed system transport - air, rail, road, sea.
The only civilian airport is located in the capital of the republic - the city of Simferopol. It serves about five million passengers annually.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014, the railway communication with the peninsula, which went through the territory of Ukraine, was terminated. A bridge is currently under construction across the Kerch Strait, which will connect Crimea with the mainland by rail and road.
In the meantime, an important transport artery remains ferry crossing through this strait. Every year it serves almost as many passengers as the airport.
Passes through the peninsula extensive network highways that link the main tourist centers- Kerch, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Bakhchisarai, beach towns on the coast.
In addition, the longest trolleybus line in the world connecting Simferopol with resorts is located in Crimea. South Shore. The length of this line is almost 100 kilometers.
Crimea on the map of Russia with cities and towns
The Crimean peninsula occupies prominent place on the map of Russia. The resorts of the South Coast and other tourist areas of the peninsula are annually visited by millions of tourists.
The first place in popularity among the Crimean resort towns is rightfully occupied by Yalta, which is called the “Russian Nice”. The second is the hero city of Sevastopol. Closes the top three leaders of Feodosia - a resort east coast. The top five also includes Alushta and Evpatoria.
The map of Crimea has long been a fork in the majority of seafaring routes connecting various tribes and countries. All this thanks to geographical location Republic and rare natural conditions.
From 1945 to 1991, the Crimean Republic was considered a region. Only after a while, it acquired the modality of the Republic. Located on the Crimean peninsula with total area about 27 thousand sq. km. The number of inhabitants is 2134.7 thousand people. From the south and west side it is washed by the Black Sea, from the east - by the Sea of Azov. WITH Russian Federation separated by the Kerch Strait. It is connected by land with the Kherson region of Ukraine. They are connected by the Perekop Isthmus and an artificial dam across the Sevash.
In 2018, there are different kind resorts and sanatoriums, which are located both on the coast and inside the peninsula. In 2018, a detailed map of Crimea with cities and towns in Russian will help you decide on a recreation area and choose comfortable spot location of the resort or hotel.
In the administrative-territorial structure, the peninsula consists of 14 districts, 16 cities, 11 of which are of republican significance, 56 large settlements and 956 rural settlements. Simferopol - administrative center republic, which has a diverse National composition. Its territory is inhabited by Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Uzbeks, Azerbaijanis, Armenians and other nations.
The territory of the peninsula stands out for its considerable natural diversity. The mountains of Crimea are located in the south of the Republic, dividing the area into northern - flat and southern mountainous. The natural wealth here is famous for natural gas deposits on the shallows of Azov, iron ores and the bowels of building materials. The Karadag region is famous for underground storerooms of semi-precious stones.
Crimea is rich in a variety of attractions:
- Castle "Swallow's Nest";
- national reserve- Tauric Chersonese;
- Yalta house of the writer "Belaya Dacha";
- Palace of Livadia;
- The royal mound in Kerch;
- Khan's Palace;
- Ancient estates Alushta.
The most significant indicators of the economy of the Republic are livestock breeding, retail trade turnover, and passenger traffic. Effectively developed automobile transport. There is a mountain trolleybus connection "Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta". Coastal and international navigation is also important. There are several airports and about 10 seaports on the peninsula.
There are famous resorts- Saki, Koktebel, Old Crimea. A detailed map of the Crimean coast with cities and towns, presented on our website, will help determine their location. In addition to health-improving areas, the Republic is rich in reserves: the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Yalta, Cape Martyan, Karadag.
Crimea has long been called the pearl of Europe. The temperate climate and the subtropics are combined in a unique way, forming special natural features. On the territory of Crimea there are mountains, plains, seas, lakes, bays, forests, steppes, volcanoes and mud hills.
Geographically, Crimea is located in the south of Ukraine at the same latitude as the south of France and the north of Italy. The outlines of the peninsula are peculiar. Some believe that it looks like a flying bird, some see a heart, and someone has an association with a grape brush.
Looking at the map of Ukraine, Crimean peninsula visible immediately. In the middle of the blue sea space, a quadrangle of land stands out, where Tarkhankut protrudes on one side, and on the other - Kerch Peninsula. narrow lane Kerch Strait separates Crimea from Taman Peninsula, which is part of Krasnodar Territory Russia.
From all sides Crimea is washed by the seas: Black and Azov. If it weren’t for the narrow Perekop Isthmus connecting Crimea with the mainland, the region would have become a full-fledged island.
The Autonomous Republic of Crimea is a region of Ukraine. The northern administrative border runs along Lake Sivash and the Perekop shaft. The Arbat arrow in the northeast divides the Crimea and the Kherson region. In the opposite part is the hero city of Sevastopol. By the way, it has republican subordination and is isolated from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on most economic issues.
center of business and cultural life region is the city of Simferopol. It is located in the very center of the peninsula and connects all routes between the cities of Crimea. Due to the geographical location of the peninsula, its border position between Europe and Asia, Crimea has become a crossroads on the paths of various peoples and civilizations. That is why there are so many historical and cultural monuments in the region.
The area of Crimea is more than 25 thousand square meters. kilometers, which is quite a lot for the peninsula. For comparison: this is more than Israel, Lebanon or Cyprus.
The nature of the peninsula is very diverse, at least due to the combination of 3 climatic zones. The land is favorable for agriculture, and sea coast very convenient.
As for the relief of the Crimea, its flat part differs slightly from the neighboring regions of Ukraine. West Side passes into the limestone ledges of Tarkhankut, and in the east the hilly chains of Kerch begin. famous Crimean mountains stretch from Sevastopol to Feodosia in three ridges. Their length is 150 kilometers. The northern slopes of the mountains are smooth and gentle, while the southern slopes are sharp and steep. most high point Crimea is Mount Roman Kosh (1545 meters).
The total length of the coastline is over 1000 km. by the most large bays on the Black Sea coast are considered Karnitsky, Kalamitsky and Feodosia. On the shore Sea of Azov- Sivash, Arbat and Kazantip.
