Caspian sea resorts in russia

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the planet Earth, located on the continent of Eurasia - in border area states Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan. In fact, it is a giant lake left after the disappearance of the ancient Tethys ocean. Nevertheless, there is every reason to consider it as an independent sea (this is indicated by salinity, big square and a decent depth, the bottom of the oceanic crust and other signs). By maximum depth is the third among closed reservoirs - after lakes Baikal and Tanganyika. In the northern part of the Caspian Sea (a few kilometers from north coast- parallel to it) passes geographical boundary between Europe and Asia.

Toponymy

• Other names: throughout the history of mankind, different peoples of the Caspian Sea had about 70 different names. The most famous of them are: Khvalynskoe or Khvalisskoe (it took place during Ancient Rus', arose on behalf of the people praise who lived in the Northern Caspian and traded with the Russians), Girkan or Dzhurdzhan (descended from alternative titles the city of Gorgan, located in Iran), Khazar, Abeskun (after the name of the island and the city in the Kura delta - now flooded), Saray, Derbent, Sikhay.
• Origin of name: according to one of the hypotheses, its modern and most ancient name, The Caspian Sea received from a tribe of nomadic horse breeders the Caspians who lived in 1st millennium BC on the southwest coast.

Morphometry

• Catchment area: 3,626,000 km².
• Mirror area: 371,000 km².
• Length coastline: 7,000 km.
• Volume: 78,200 km³.
• Average depth: 208 m
• Max Depth: 1025 m.

Hydrology

• The presence of a constant flow: no, it's pointless.
• Tributaries:, Ural, Emba, Atrek, Gorgan, Heraz, Sefidrud, Astarchay, Kura, Pirsagat, Kusarchay, Samur, Rubas, Darvagchay, Ulluchay, Shuraozen, Sulak, Terek, Kuma.
• Bottom: very varied. At shallow depths, sandy soil with an admixture of shells is common, in deep water places - silty. Pebble and rocky places can be found in the coastal strip (especially where mountain ranges adjoin the sea). In the estuarine areas, the underwater soil consists of river sediments. The Kara-Bogaz-Gol bay is notable for the fact that its bottom is a powerful layer of mineral salts.

Chemical composition

• Water: brackish.
• Salinity: 13 g / l.
• Transparency: 15 m.

Geography

Rice. 1. Map of the Caspian Sea basin.

• Coordinates: 41°59′02″ s. sh., 51°03′52″ E d.
• Height above sea level:-28 m.
• Coastal landscape: Due to the fact that the coastline of the Caspian Sea is very long, and it is located in different geographical zones, the coastal landscape is diverse. In the northern part of the reservoir, the shores are low, swampy, in places of the deltas of large rivers they are indented by numerous channels. Eastern Shores mostly limestone - desert or semi-desert. The western and southern shores adjoin mountain ranges. The greatest indentation of the coastline is observed in the west - in the area Absheron Peninsula, as well as in the east - in the area of ​​​​the bays of Kazakh and Kara-Bogaz-Gol.
• Settlements on the coast:
  • Russia: Astrakhan, Derbent, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Olya.
  • Kazakhstan: Aktau, Atyrau, Kuryk, Sogandyk, Bautino.
  • Turkmenistan: Ekerem, Karabogaz, Turkmenbashi, Khazar.
  • Iran: Astara, Balboser, Bender-Torkemen, Bender-Anzeli, Neka, Chalus.
  • Azerbaijan: Alyat, Astara, Baku, Dubendi, Lankaran, Sangachali, Sumgayit.

interactive map

Ecology

The ecological situation in the Caspian Sea is far from ideal. Almost all major rivers, flowing into it, are polluted by the effluents of industrial enterprises located upstream. This could not but affect the presence of pollutants in the waters and bottom sediments of the Caspian - over the past half century, their concentration has increased markedly, and the content of some heavy metals has already exceeded the permissible limits.

In addition, the waters of the Caspian Sea are constantly polluted by domestic wastewater from coastal cities, as well as during oil production on the continental shelf, and during its transportation.

Fishing in the Caspian Sea

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• Artificial settlement: not all of the above fish species in the Caspian Sea are native. About 4 dozen species came by chance (for example, through channels from the Black and Baltic Seas), or have been intentionally inhabited by humans. An example is the mullet. Three Black Sea species These fish - striped mullet, sharp-nosed mullet and golden mullet - were released in the first half of the 20th century. The striped mullet did not take root, but the blackfin with golden mullet have successfully acclimatized, and by the current moment they have settled in virtually the entire water area of ​​the Caspian Sea, having formed several commercial herds. At the same time, fish feed faster than in the Black Sea, and reach larger sizes. In the second half of the last century (starting from 1962), attempts were also made to populate such Far Eastern salmon fish as pink salmon and chum salmon in the Caspian Sea. In total, several billion fry of these fish were released into the sea within 5 years. Pink salmon did not survive in the new range, but on the contrary, chum salmon successfully took root and even began to spawn in the rivers flowing into the sea. However, she could not reproduce in sufficient quantities and gradually disappeared. There are as yet no favorable conditions for its full-fledged natural reproduction (there are very few places where spawning and development of fry could successfully occur). To ensure them, river reclamation is needed, otherwise, without human help (artificial sampling of eggs and its incubation), fish will not be able to maintain their numbers.

Fishing places

In fact, fishing is possible at any point on the coast of the Caspian Sea, which can be reached by land or water. Which species of fish will be caught at the same time depends on local conditions, but to a greater extent on whether rivers flow here. As a rule, in places where estuaries and deltas (especially large watercourses) are located, the water in the sea is strongly desalinated, therefore, freshwater fish (carp, catfish, bream, etc.) usually predominate in catches; rivers (barbels, shemaya). From marine species in desalinated areas, those for which salinity does not matter are caught (mullet, some of the gobies). In certain periods of the year, semi-anadromous and migratory species can be found here, feeding in the sea, and entering the rivers for spawning (sturgeon, some of the herring, Caspian salmon). In places where there are no flowing rivers, freshwater species are found in a slightly smaller number, but at the same time, marine fish appear, usually avoiding desalinated areas (for example - sea ​​zander). Away from the coast, fish are caught that prefer salt water, and deep sea species.

In total, there are 9 places of interest in terms of fishing:

1. North Shore (RF)- this area is located on the northern coast of the Russian Federation (from the Volga delta to the Kizlyar Bay). Its main features are the insignificant salinity of the water (the lowest in the Caspian Sea), shallow depth, the presence of multiple shoals, islands, and highly developed aquatic vegetation. In addition to the Volga delta with its numerous channels, bays and erics, it also includes the estuarine seaside, called the Caspian peals. These places are popular with Russian fishermen, and for good reason: the conditions for fish are very favorable here, and there is also a good forage base. The ichthyofauna in these parts may not shine with a richness of species, but it is distinguished by its abundance, and some of its representatives reach a very considerable size. Usually the basis of catches are freshwater fish, typical for the Volga basin. Most often caught: perch, pike perch, roach (more precisely, its varieties, called roach and ram), rudd, asp, sabrefish, bream, goldfish, carp, catfish, pike. Bursh, silver bream, white-eye, blue bream are somewhat less common. There are also representatives of sturgeons (sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, beluga, etc.), salmonids (nelma, brown trout - Caspian salmon) in these places, but their catch is prohibited.
2. Northwestern coast (RF)- this area covers West Coast Russian Federation(from Kizlyar Bay to Makhachkala). The Kuma, Terek and Sulak rivers flow here - they carry their waters both along natural channels and artificial channels. In this area there are bays, among which are quite large ones (Kizlyarsky, Agrakhansky). The sea in these places is shallow. Of the fish in the catches, freshwater species predominate: pike, perch, carp, catfish, rudd, bream, barbel, etc., marine species are also caught here, for example, herring (black-backed, shad).
3. West Bank (RF)- from Makhachkala to the border of the Russian Federation with Azerbaijan. An area where mountain ranges adjoin the sea. The salinity of the water here is somewhat higher than in previous places, therefore, marine species are more common in the catches of fishermen (sea pike, mullet, herring). However, freshwater fish are by no means uncommon.
4. West Bank (Azerbaijan)- from the border of the Russian Federation with Azerbaijan to the Absheron Peninsula. Continuation of the section where mountain ranges adjoin the sea. Fishing here is even more similar to typical sea fishing, thanks to fish such as hart and golden mullet (mullet) and several types of gobies, which are also caught here. In addition to them, there are kutum, herring, and some typically freshwater species, for example, carp.
5. Southwest coast (Azerbaijan)- from the Absheron Peninsula to the border of Azerbaijan with Iran. Most of this area is occupied by the delta of the Kura River. Here the same species of fish are caught that were listed in the previous paragraph, but freshwater ones are somewhat more common.
6. North Shore (Kazakhstan)- this area covers north coast Kazakhstan. Here are the Ural delta and state reserve"Akzhaiyk", therefore fishing directly in the river delta and in some water area adjacent to it is prohibited. Fishing is possible only outside the reserve - upstream from the delta, or in the sea - at some distance from it. Fishing near the Ural delta has much in common with fishing at the confluence of the Volga - almost the same species of fish are found here.
7. Northeast coast (Kazakhstan)- from the mouth of the Emba to Cape Tyub-Karagan. In contrast to the northern part of the sea, where the water is greatly diluted by large rivers flowing into it, its salinity is slightly increased here, therefore, those fish species appear that avoid desalinated areas, for example, sea zander, which is caught in the Dead Kultuk Bay. Also, other representatives of marine fauna are often found in the catches.
8. Eastern coast (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan)- from Cape Tyub-Karagan to the border of Turkmenistan and Iran. Differs in the almost complete absence of flowing rivers. The salinity of the water here is maximum values. Of the fish in these places, marine species predominate, the main catches are mullet, pike perch and gobies.
9. South Shore (Iran)- covers South coast Caspian. Throughout this section, the Elburs mountain range adjoins the sea. Many rivers flow here, most of which are small streams, there are also several medium and one large river. Of the fish, in addition to marine species, there are also some freshwater, as well as semi-anadromous and anadromous species, for example, sturgeons.

Features of fishing

The most popular and catchy amateur tackle that is used on the Caspian coast is a heavy spinning rod converted into a “sea bottom”. Usually it is equipped with a strong spool, on which a fairly thick line (0.3 mm or more) is wound. The thickness of the fishing line is determined not so much by the size of the fish as by the mass of a rather heavy sinker, which is necessary for an ultra-long cast (in the Caspian it is widely believed that the farther from the shore the casting point is, the better). After the sinker comes a thinner fishing line - with several leashes. As a bait, shrimps and amphipods that live in coastal thickets of algae are used - if it is supposed to catch sea fish, or an ordinary bait like a worm, cockchafer larvae and others - if freshwater species are found in the fishing area.

Tired of the bustle Black Sea coasts, but at the same time you do not want to go to distant countries to bask in the sun and swim in the salty water of the sea? An excellent option could be a vacation in the Caspian Sea.

The Caspian Sea is an inland sea located between several states at the junction of Europe and Asia. Its dimensions are amazing, and, undoubtedly, it is recognized that the Caspian Sea is the largest salt reservoir in the world. Its coast stretches for thousands of kilometers and is called the Caspian Sea.

The climate and water temperature of the Caspian largely depends on the geographic latitude and varies from continental to subtropical. However, during the summer weather are equally good in all resorts of the Caspian Sea, which is why there are more and more tourists coming here on vacation every year.

Today we will talk about the main resort areas Caspian located in the territories of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and, of course, Russia. You can jump directly to the section you are interested in:

Among the resort cities of the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan, Baku, Sumgayit and Lankaran are considered the most significant.

In this list, as the largest city of Azerbaijan with a population of 2.5 million people, of course, stands apart. Rest in Baku is an opportunity to combine in one trip both the beach component and the cultural one, because there are several historical sites in Baku that are included in the list world heritage UNESCO, in addition, there are many ultra-modern attractions.

Sumgayit is the third largest city in Azerbaijan, located just 30 km from Baku. There is much less city fuss here, but the beaches are extensive, shell type. Tourism occupies most employment local population, so the service and infrastructure are developing here from year to year, new water and beach activities. But the main thing is, of course, the climate and the surprisingly gentle sea of ​​Sumgayit. You can get to Sumgayit by one of the regular buses, of which dozens go here every day.

Lankaran has long history existence, so coming here is equally good and for the sake of beach holiday(the climate here is tropical, and the swimming season is the longest of all the resorts of Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea), for the sake of exploring ancient sights, especially the Lankaran fortress.

You can get to any of the resorts of Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea from Baku (if Baku is not your final goal). Every day there are dozens of bus routes that will take you to any, even remote part of Azerbaijan. About how you can get to Baku, in which areas to look for hotels, how to get from the airport named after Heydar Aliyev, how to get to other cities of Azerbaijan and other intricacies of recreation, read in our separate article:

Raymond Zoller/flickr

Resorts of Kazakhstan on the Caspian Sea

On the coast of the Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan, there are several relatively major cities, this is, first of all, Aktau and Atyrau. Aktau is a city located practically in the desert, the summer here is very hot and dry. The more contrasting is the temperature of the water in the local Caspian. It is believed that here the waters of the Caspian Sea are the coldest of all resorts (in summer they heat up to an average of + 18C). bathing season here it lasts from June to August, at the end of August in Aktau a traditional holiday is held on the seashore - Aktau Open Fest, which lasts for 3 days.

Infrastructure in Aktau Lately cannot but rejoice, a lot of modern infrastructure projects have appeared here, hotel complexes, incl. the highest level. As for Atyrau, due to the drop in the water level in the Caspian Sea in recent years, there are no beaches in the city, so it makes no sense to come here in the row of a beach holiday itself. Although in any other sense Atyrau is a pleasant eastern city, quite modern and well-groomed, in addition, it is here that the symbolic border between Europe and Asia passes in the form of a bridge over the Ural River. Yes, yes, in Russia the geographical division occurs along the Ural Mountains, and here, in Kazakhstan, the mountains pass into the river of the same name.

The resorts of Kazakhstan on the Caspian Sea remain relatively little in demand among tourists from other countries, despite all efforts to harmonize infrastructure and services. The reason lies on the surface - it takes a long time to get here, with many transfers. The nearest airports are located in Astana and Almaty, then you need to transfer to the train, and then to scheduled bus. Today, the resorts of Kazakhstan on the Caspian Sea remain difficult to access and are much less in demand than vacations in other Caspian countries.

Tia Turner/flickr

On the Caspian coast in Turkmenistan there are the cities of Turkmenbashi and Avaza, but it is Avaza that is considered a resort. The advantages of the Avaza resort are many kilometers of sandy and shell beaches, as well as a modern and dynamically developing infrastructure, which makes the resort more and more attractive to tourists from year to year. There are many hotel complexes on the territory of the resort, many of them are 5-star, in addition, the resort is rich in numerous sanatoriums, recreation centers and children's camps.

Avaza has the status of a national tourist zone of Turkmenistan, so every year considerable funds are allocated to the infrastructure of the resorts. In addition to hotel complexes, amusement parks, congress centers, and even have their own yacht club. The big plus of the resort is the presence international airport and excellent highways.

The resort of Turkmenistan on the Caspian Sea cannot yet be called popular among tourists from other countries, since visa difficulties when traveling to the country interfere with rest. Tourist visas must be issued at the embassies of Turkmenistan, while providing a list of documents similar to the list for a Schengen visa. In addition, upon arrival, the tourist must register with the Department of Tourism and Sports of Turkmenistan within 3 working days.

There are two regions on the Caspian coast in Russia - the Astrakhan region and Dagestan, and the Caspian cities are Astrakhan (located in the Volga delta 60 km from the Caspian coast), Derbent, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk and some other small settlements. Astrakhan is considered to be the southern outpost of Russia, and despite its 60-kilometer distance from the coast, it plays an important role in the development of the Caspian region. By the way, it was here that the famous Caspian summit took place, at which many controversial issues on the status of the Caspian Sea were resolved.

Astrakhan is located in the semi-desert zone, in summer it is quite hot, but not humid, on the contrary, the city is characterized by dry winds in summer. The city has dozens of architectural and historical monuments that also deserve attention along with a beach holiday.

Derbent is also one of the most interesting in terms of ancient architecture cities, and its location between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains makes the place incredibly picturesque. Many of the city's sites are under the protection of UNESCO, incl. Derbent wall, Juma mosque and Naryn-Kala fortress. In respect of tourism infrastructure both in the Astrakhan region and in Derbent there are hotels different type and price category, in addition, for budget tourist there are always guest houses tourist bases. There is no need to think about the rest of the infrastructure yet, special entertainment places, fenced beaches and additional services resorts are not yet organized.

It is also worth remembering that Dagestan (on whose territory the ancient city of Derbent is located) is considered not the most safe place Russia, so it is worth clarifying the situation in the republic before the trip. You can get to the resorts of the Caspian Sea in Russia by plane, then by public transport.

The resorts of the Caspian Sea are in many ways attractive to tourists at the same time due to their natural and climatic advantages, but are not yet very popular due to the relative underdevelopment of the infrastructure base. Of the resorts mentioned above, only the resorts of Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea enjoy stable interest, although the rest have a certain growing potential.

Practical and eventful travels for you!

Most vacationers choose routes familiar to tourists. Such destinations are Turkey, Thailand, Vietnam - these are places where you can spend a relatively inexpensive and at the same time good rest. In Russia, the alternative to these countries is the Black Sea. Few people know what can be done unforgettable vacation on the Caspian Sea. The natural and climatic conditions of this area allow this to be done.

general information

The Caspian Sea is called the sea-lake, because it is completely located on the mainland. Its waters are washed by several countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan). Such large rivers as the Volga, Terek, Ural, etc., flow into it.

A number of good recreation centers on the Caspian Sea offers Kazakhstan. You can, of course, go to Azerbaijan. But for those who want to relax in Russia, it is best to choose the Astrakhan region or Dagestan - it is in these regions of our country that there is access to the Caspian Sea.

Caspian Sea (Russia)

Sea holidays in Russia are offered by such cities as Makhachkala, Derbent, Kaspiysk and Astrakhan. You can also stay in small villages. For those who are afraid of interethnic conflicts, the best option- Astrakhan. It is best to relax on the Caspian Sea in July or August. In winter it is quite cool here, so swimming and sunbathing in the spring also does not work. Best of all, water and air warm up by July. It is in the last months of summer that the tourist season is in full swing here.

Fishing is the main entertainment that the Caspian Sea offers. Rest (this is Astrakhan or any other city) will be unforgettable thanks to the big catches. A huge number of fish lives in the waters of the Caspian Sea. There are also legends that once the largest catfish was caught in the sea, the weight of which exceeded 100 kilograms. Whether this is true or not is unknown. But it's safe to say that the fish are mesmerized, so that even the most experienced angler will be delighted.

Territory of Dagestan

Dagestan is chosen by those tourists who want to see all the beauty of such a miracle of nature as the Caspian Sea. Rest (Dagestan is different in this) can be spent not only in summer, but also in winter. After all, there are excellent ski resorts. The name of the republic is translated into Russian as "country of mountains". Striking mountain scenery together with rare species of heat-loving plants, big amount the sun will give unforgettable emotions. Another attractive feature of the resorts of Dagestan is that they can improve the state of health. The nature of the Caucasus is rich mineral springs and healing mud.

The main resorts of Dagestan

Rest on the Caspian Sea largely depends on the right resort. There are enough resorts in Dagestan to choose the most suitable one.

chindirchero

This is a resort for those who prefer active rest. There is a lot of entertainment here. Among them are paragliding, diving, windsurfing, rock climbing and much more. In winter - skiing, snowmobiles. This resort is a stone's throw from the capital of Dagestan - Makhachkala - only 2 hours drive.

Talgi

It's one of a kind unique resort. It offers therapy with mineral waters, which contain sulfides and hydrogen sulfide. In Europe, there is no equal to the Talga spring. The spring waters have a beneficial effect on many body systems and successfully fight diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gynecological problems, diseases of the skin and nervous system. Thus, a vacation on the Caspian Sea can be useful. The resort is located on the territory of the city of Makhachkala.

Oh you

This is another balneological sanatorium in the Makhachkala region. It is located on the banks of the Akhtychay River. The composition of the waters is different from the Talga spring. Here mineral waters are similar in composition to Essentuki, they are salt-alkaline. The air is very clean here, and the weather is most often sunny. Summers are drier than in other parts of Dagestan and therefore milder.

Derbent

The resort town of Dagestan pleases tourists with an abundance of various hotels, recreation centers and sanatoriums. Many bases are located in the vicinity of the city, in small villages, which will appeal to people who want privacy and tranquility.

Golden Sands

To get to the base, you need to drive only 80 kilometers from the Makhachkala airport, and only 9 kilometers from Derbent. There is everything here to spend an unforgettable vacation on the Caspian Sea - picturesque nature, developed infrastructure. On the territory of the base there is a sauna and a bathhouse, a cafe, those who wish can have fun at discos and a karaoke bar.

"Gull"

This is a recreational recreation center, which is nestled on the very shore of the Caspian Sea. The hotels have their own beach, the entire territory of the dispensary is guarded. There is everything here for the entertainment of tourists: the organization of excursions to natural and historical monuments city ​​of Derbent, clean beach, playgrounds, a sauna or a bathhouse, a cafe, a teahouse for those who want to plunge into the local atmosphere. In addition, a number of wellness procedures, including special ozone and turpentine baths.

In the area of ​​​​the city of Derbent there are still a lot of hotels and inns, there are more than 20 of them in total.

Kaspiysk

It's another one resort town on the territory of Dagestan. There are also a lot of sanatoriums and boarding houses for every taste.

One of the popular boarding houses - "Lotos". The hotel administration carries out a meeting of clients at the airport. Here you can relax both with children and small companies. Guests have at their disposal a cozy bar, a clean beach and their own shop.

Attractions and souvenirs

There is something to see in Dagestan. Big interest represents the Makhachkala State Historical and Architectural and art museum-reserve. Here you can see ancient fortresses and buildings that have existed for more than 10 centuries. For example, Naryn-Kala fortress, Juma mosque, ancient burial places (8-9th centuries).

Souvenirs are best purchased in branded stores in Makhachkala. The prices are reasonable, the quality of souvenirs is good, and there is a large selection. The same applies to the famous Dagestan cognacs and wines.

Astrakhan

As mentioned above, in Astrakhan you can go fishing well. Avid fishermen are best to choose the recreation center "Dardanelles". It is located, perhaps, in the very picturesque corner Astrakhan - in the delta of the Volga River. Astrakhan itself is within easy reach - less than an hour's drive. All rooms are comfortable and well equipped. For entertainment - billiards, sauna and bath. In general, the Caspian Sea offers a vacation, the prices for which are not particularly high. So, the cost of living at this recreation center will cost 7 thousand rubles for three people along with meals, and those who want to rent a family suite with a jacuzzi will have to pay 12 thousand rubles per day.

Anglers will also like the base with the pirate name "Tortuga". The price coefficient is about the same - about 1200 rubles per person. All rooms are equipped with necessary appliances, utensils, bathroom.

Tourism in Dagestan: rest on the coast of the Caspian Sea

Dagestan is interested in tourists with the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea, ski resorts and unique features of the culture of different nationalities inhabiting the territory of this republic North Caucasus. And although many people perceive the idea of ​​a tourist trip to Dagestan ambiguously, doubting the safety of a holiday there, tourism in the republic is developing, and every year thousands of tourists make their choice in favor of Dagestan. For those who decide to join their number, the "Caucasian Knot" has prepared a small "guidebook" with advice on what a tourist needs to know so that a trip to Dagestan leaves only pleasant memories.

HOW TO GET TO

The republic can be reached in various ways. From Moscow to Makhachkala there are two daily scheduled flights- from Vnukovo and Domodedovo airports. There are also flights from Rostov-on-Don and St. Petersburg. Air travel is carried out by the Dagestan Airlines company, on the website of which there is a detailed flight schedule. Travel time for a flight from Moscow to Makhachkala is 2 hours 20 minutes. Ticket prices from Russian capital- in the range from 5.5 to 8 thousand rubles one way.

In Dagestan, the airport is located about 18 km from Makhachkala. Most cheap way get to the city - take a fixed-route taxi that goes to the city Kaspiysk(located between Makhachkala and the airport), and then in Kaspiysk, transfer to a minibus to Makhachkala. This option will cost about 50 rubles. But minibuses from the airport run infrequently. Air passengers are always met by a lot of taxi drivers who are ready to take customers to any locality of the republic. It is worth bargaining with them, but on average a taxi to Makhachkala will cost about 150-200 rubles per person. Drivers go on the road only after filling all the empty seats in the car.

For those who prefer railway transport, the Moscow-Makhachkala train leaves for Makhachkala from Moscow daily. By the summer season, the train "Makhachkala-St. Petersburg" also began to run, following through Rostov-on-Don. Dagestan also has a regular railway connection with Astrakhan.

WITH railway station Makhachkala, located in the city center, near the sea, depart fixed-route taxis to various parts of the city. The fare is 11 rubles. From here there are buses to Baku, which can take you to southern part Dagestan, having previously agreed with the driver.

Section passes through Dagestan federal highway"Caucasus". The distance between Moscow and Makhachkala is just under 2,000 kilometers. Traveling by private car, you can easily get to various tourist attractions scattered throughout Dagestan without any problems.

The main highway of Dagestan is the Rostov-Baku highway passing through the republic. It goes through the main cities of the republic - Derbent, Makhachkala, Khasavyurt. You can drive into the republic by car from the territory of Chechnya, the Stavropol Territory and Kalmykia. In the south, the republic borders on Azerbaijan. Through territory Chechen Republic the road will be shorter, but most tourists, for safety reasons, still prefer to take a detour - through Kalmykia or Stavropol region. First major city on the territory of Dagestan along this route will be Kizlyar. From Kizlyar to Makhachkala about 3 hours drive.

A detailed map is attached to the article below as an attachment. highways Dagestan.

It is better to travel by car along the highway during the daytime, and at night it is better to wait near stationary traffic police posts. Traffic police posts are located at the entrances to large settlements. When driving at night, the usual procedure for registering vehicles entering the city.

It is better to fill up with gasoline to the maximum at large gas stations. At small gas stations located along the highway, gasoline may not be of the best quality.

There are many firms in Makhachkala that take taxi orders by phone. In addition, almost everywhere in the city you can catch a taxi or meet an impromptu taxi rank. The fare in the city varies depending on the distance and ranges from 70 to 100 rubles. But you should not get into a car without the “checkers” typical of a taxi, especially if the driver insistently offers a lift. It is better to use a taxi with checkers.

RESORTS

A resort complex is located in the Akushinsky district of Dagestan "Chindirchero". In winter it is a ski resort. In summer it offers kiting, windsurfing and rafting services. You can also go rock climbing and paragliding here. Travel time from the airport to this complex will take 1 hour 45 minutes, and from Makhachkala - just over 2 hours.

Resort "Talgi" is the only balneary in the world resort practice, operating on the basis of highly concentrated sulfide waters containing hydrogen sulfide. In terms of hydrogen sulfide content, the Talginsky spring has no equal in Europe. The quality of this water makes it possible to treat diseases of the musculoskeletal system, skin, gynecological and neurological diseases. The resort is located within Makhachkala, its current capacity is 386 beds.

At the resort "Kayakent" hydrothermal mud is used as a remedy. The resort is located 100 km south of Makhachkala and is designed for the simultaneous treatment of 600 people.

One of the major resorts is "Caspian", located 45 km south of Makhachkala, its capacity is up to 680 people. Here, vacationers will enjoy a well-equipped sea beach, a mild maritime climate, a large number of clear days, an abundance of sun and greenery. There are also thermal and mineral waters in the "Caspian" region.

Balneological resort "Oh you" located on the left bank of the Akhtychay River, at an altitude of about 1000 meters above sea level. The therapeutic agents here are mineral waters from five hot salt-alkaline springs such as Essentuki waters and two sulfur-alkaline springs. The climate here is distinguished by a surprisingly favorable combination of elements: almost constant atmospheric pressure (it is 85 mm below normal), moderately hot summers, warm and dry autumns, almost complete absence of strong winds, low air humidity, the longest sunshine duration in the republic, air purity.

Great interest as a place for mountain climatic resort represents Gunib plateau. Gunib is located in one of the most beautiful corners Republic, almost in the center of Nagorno-Dagestan, south-west of Buynaksk, at an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level. The area is a mountain-climatic resort area, characterized by an abundance of sun and the absence of winds and fogs. In the picturesque village of Nizhny Gunib, the remains of a Russian fortress from the time of the Caucasian War have been preserved. The fortress walls go around the ledge of the plateau. The fortress walls, the building of the commandant's office and the monument on the grave of the soldiers of the Apsheron regiment, who fell during the siege of Shamil's detachment, have been preserved. In Upper Gunib there are the ruins of the village, where on August 25, 1859, Shamil surrendered to the Russian troops.

Derbent located in the south of Dagestan, on the coast of the Caspian Sea, where the mountains of the Caucasus come close to the coast, leaving only a narrow strip of plain about three kilometers wide.

ACCOMMODATION

In recent years, mini-hotels with comfortable living conditions have been actively built in Dagestan. There are such hotels in almost all cities of the republic. as well as along highways. In this review, we will focus on several hotels in Makhachkala.

Hotel "Ak-Gel" located on the shores of the lake of the same name, to the city center - 10 minutes walk. A single room per day costs 1,500 rubles, a suite - 3,000. In the hotel "Petrovsk Hotel" the cost of a single room is from 1,000 rubles per night. All rooms have air conditioning, refrigerator, TV. There is a conference room, business center. Hotel "Leningrad"- This is an 18-storey hotel, the largest in the country today. The price of a room here is from 1420 rubles per day. In hotels "Tourist" And "Sport" rooms cost from 1100 rubles per day.

Those who do not like the hotel environment, but want to stay at home during their vacation in Dagestan and are ready to cook their own meals, can rent an apartment for rent. A complete living environment is offered - furniture, TV, refrigerator. The cost of renting such an apartment is on average 1,000 rubles per day.

IN summer time tourists also like to stay at numerous camp sites and recreation areas located along the entire sea coast. Some of them have high-level comfort conditions, others offer inexpensive accommodation in simpler conditions - in standard houses with beds and a minimum of furniture. The prices for these rooms vary. A "standard" house can be rented for 300-500 rubles per day, luxury rooms cost around 5,000 rubles. It is better to book places at seaside bases in advance, as there are a lot of tourists in summer.

NUTRITION

In Makhachkala and other cities of Dagestan, there will be no problems finding catering places. In the capital there are hundreds of cafes and restaurants for every taste. In a middle-class restaurant, lunch in the daytime for one person will cost about 600 rubles. This amount will include the first course, the second dish such as roast with meat, salad, juice or mineral water. There are more expensive restaurants, where the cost of one dish is from 300 rubles and more. In the evening, the bill also includes the amount for musical services. On average, an evening together in a Makhachkala restaurant, provided that the order includes two salads, two hot dishes, mineral water, juices, a bottle of wine or vodka, will cost, including service and music, about 1,500 rubles.

Dishes of the national Dagestan cuisine can be tasted in almost all local cafes and restaurants. This is barbecue various kinds, khinkal (boiled meat in dough), chudu (cakes with meat, cheese, herbs, cottage cheese, pumpkin), berkal (like pancakes with viscous cheese inside) and much more.

If you want to have a bite to eat at the hotel, then it is better to stock up on food in the markets or in large supermarkets. It is better to buy fresh fruits and vegetables in the market, which are in abundance in Dagestan. In different districts of Makhachkala there are mini-markets where you can buy products at affordable prices.

ATTRACTIONS AND SOUVENIRS

You can get acquainted with the main sights of the republic and objects of recreation and tourism in detail on the website of the Tourism Agency of the Republic of Dagestan.

Of great interest, for example, is the State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. It includes a complex of stone fortifications of the 6th century with the Naryn-kala fortress, city walls, a system of mountain defensive walls with a length of more than 40 kilometers, the Juma mosque of the 8th century, elevated baths, ancient cemeteries, preserved tombstones of the 8th-9th centuries.

It is better for tourist groups to notify representatives of the Dagestan Tourism Agency about their arrival, who will provide the necessary assistance. It is better for single tourists to get acquainted in advance with local residents who will act as guides and give the necessary advice.

National souvenirs in Makhachkala can be purchased in branded stores, the largest of which are located near the Dynamo stadium and at the corner of Lenin and Dakhadaev streets in Makhachkala. It sells products of Kubachi masters, women's jewelry made of gold and silver, sabers and daggers.

Many tourists will surely want to take the famous Dagestan cognac and local wines with them as a souvenir. It is better to buy them in large supermarkets or in company stores. Brand stores of Kizlyar and Derbent cognac factories compactly located on the corner of Sovetskaya and Dakhadaeva streets in Makhachkala.

MONEY TRANSFERS

Makhachkala has developed a system of instant money transfer. In many banks, you can send and receive transfers from other cities and countries using various money transfer systems. Some banks, for example "Express", work seven days a week.

CONNECTION

Net mobile communications developed in Dagestan, the main three Russian operators operate here - MTS, Megaphone And Beeline. Territory coverage is stable, including settlements in the mountains. MegaFon subscribers can use 3G Internet services in the republic. Terminals for accepting payments are located on almost every street, in all shops and cafes, in public places.

The Internet can be used in the internet cafe. The wi-fi network in Dagestan is not yet developed.

PERSPECTIVES

At the end of 2007, the Federal Tourism Agency announced the preparation of a tourism development strategy on the Russian coast of the Caspian Sea, in particular on the territory of Dagestan.

Eric Holm Peterson, an expert from the World Tourism Organization, was invited to the republic to develop a strategy for the development of tourism on the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea. The action plan proposed by the expert is designed for five years - 2008-2013.

According to Peterson, the first task in terms of tourism development is to create an image of the republic for foreigners. Further - to carry out marketing, study the market and promote Dagestan tourism facilities, solve the issue of financing, use the world experience of public-private partnerships, and increase the level of communication culture among service personnel.

The main center for attracting tourists in Dagestan, according to Eric Holm Peterson, should be ancient city Derbent: there are beaches, nearby mountains and forests nearby. The main work in this direction is planned to be done before 2013, when Derbent will be five thousand years old. Another center of tourism will be the highland village of Gunib, to which a modern road is currently being built.

The Caspian Sea is not a popular holiday destination today Russian tourists. This is due to the memory of the military conflicts taking place in this area, as well as the underdeveloped tourist area. However, at present, active work is underway to equip places for a comfortable stay. Already today, anyone can come to the sea coast and enjoy the warm air and water on the sandy beaches.

Features of rest on the Caspian Sea

The resorts of the Caspian Sea in Russia are perfect for anyone who wants to relax in the bosom of gentle nature for little money. Summer here lasts from May to September. At this time, hot and dry weather prevails, which is the best suited for a beach holiday.

Anyone who decides to go on vacation on the coast of the Caspian Sea can purchase a ticket at a travel agency or act independently. In the second case, it is possible to get to the resort town by plane, train or private car. Before the trip, it is better to take care of finding and booking accommodation in advance. Hotels, hotels, sanatoriums and private houses are at your service. There are a lot of offers - for every taste and wealth.

Rest on the Caspian coast is suitable for everyone who wants to get away from the bustle of the city, admire wildlife and enjoy the warm sun and sea. There are many wonderful places, attracting romantics and lovers of beautiful nature. In many resort towns there is entertainment for lovers of hunting and fishing. Caspian coast - perfect place for a quiet family holiday for little money. In addition, many resorts are famous for their mineral springs and offer visits to sanatoriums. Thus, you get the opportunity not only to relax, but also to improve your health.

Popular Russian resorts of the Caspian Sea

Astrakhan region

Astrakhan and the region attract fishing enthusiasts. Here - in the freshwater Volga and the salty Caspian Sea, there are many types of fish. But not only fishermen will be interested in this region. In Astrakhan there is something to see for an ordinary tourist. The city is famous for its attractions, including many historical buildings- these are temples, monasteries, the Kremlin. Anyone can take a boat trip.

The Astrakhan region is famous for its wildlife which attracts certain categories of tourists. Desperate and brave people go to independent hikes wanting to explore places untouched by civilization.

Derbent

This city can be called the center of a beach holiday on the Caspian coast of Russia. It has everything you need for the comfort of tourists - hotel complexes, camping sites, subtropical climate, warm sea and comfortable sandy beaches. Here you can not only swim and sunbathe, but also take walks around the city, where there are many attractions. In addition, in the vicinity of Derbent there are beautiful mountains and forests. Here you will find picturesque landscapes, beautiful vegetation and many quiet and cozy places.

One of the main attractions is the Naryn-Kala fortress, which offers beautiful views.

Kaspiysk

Kaspiysk is located in Dagestan. Here, in addition to a beach holiday, you can also take walks around the city. In Kaspiysk, the main attractions are the Holy Kazan Church and mosques, monuments and Museum of Local Lore. If you visit this area, be sure to visit the Seaside Park to see rare and beautiful plants.

Izberbash

Here you will find harmonious combination mountain and seascapes, which will hardly leave indifferent not only photographers and artists, but also people who are far from art. Izberbash is famous for its unique nature, healing air and mineral springs. Those who want to relax their souls and improve their health come here. In Izberbash there is a large selection of places to stay - camp sites, sanatoriums, private housing. Here you will find everything you need to have a nice rest and choose the option according to your means.

Makhachkala

You will find numerous sanatoriums and recreation centers in Makhachkala. There is thermal springs, shell beaches, equipped for a comfortable stay and beautiful natural places. The mild climate and salubrious air will contribute to a good rest. In the city itself there are many the most beautiful places, historical architecture and sights.

Perhaps now the resorts of the Caspian Sea in Russia are not the most popular tourist destination. But they are definitely in demand. Sometimes in the midst of the summer season it can be difficult to find a quiet place here. secluded place. Keep this in mind and keep in mind that when going on vacation on your own, it is advisable to take care of finding accommodation in advance. In this case, you can calmly and without fuss choose what suits your needs and budget.